• Title/Summary/Keyword: 시간변동율

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The Adaptive Congestion Control Using Neural Network in ATM network (ATM 망에서 뉴럴 네트워크를 이용한 적응 폭주제어)

  • Lee, Yong-Il;Kim, Yung-Kwon
    • Journal of IKEEE
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    • v.2 no.1 s.2
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    • pp.134-138
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    • 1998
  • Because of the statistical fluctuations and the high 'time-variability' nature of the traffic, managing the resources of the network require highly dynamic techniques with minimal Intervention and reaction times, and adaptive and learning capabilities. The neural networks normalizes the ATM cell arrival rate and queue length and has the adaptive learning algorithm, and experimentally investigated the method to prevent the congestion generated in ATM networks.

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A Study on the Epoch Extraction of Voicd Speech (유성음 구간에서의 Epoch 추출에 관한 연구)

  • 강동규
    • Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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    • 1995.06a
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    • pp.216-220
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    • 1995
  • 음성 신호처리분야의 기반을 이루고 잇는 선형예측기법으로 성대폐쇄구간 분석이 가능해질 경우 특히 음성합성가 부호화 시스템의 상당한 성능개선을 기대할 수 있기 때문에 최근 관련 분야에서 높은 신뢰도를 갖는 GCI 검출 알고리즘 개발에 많은 관심을 보이고 있다. 성대폐쇄구간 검출에서 가장 중요한 것은 성대폐쇄시점에 관한 정보이며, 본 논문에서는 이에 대응될 수 있는 정보인 epoch를 음성신호에서 직접 추출할 수 있는 기법을 제안하였다. 제안된 방법은 프레임 단위별 평균 피치를 참조하여 저역통과된 유성음 신호에서 3구간 영교차점별 평균진폭 변동율에 의해 pseudo-epoch를 검출한다. 대역 통과된 유성음 신호를 이용하여 pseudo-epoch 부근에 존재하는 보다 정밀한 실제 epoch을 최종적으로 결정하였다. 제안된 방법은 단계적으로 epoch가 존재할 수 있는 연역을 좁혀 나아가면서 처리하므로 검출오차를 줄일 수 있었고, 시간영역에서 처리되어 계산량이 적으므로 고속 처리가 가능하였다. 성능평가를 위해 처리결과를 EGG 신호와 비교한 결과 약 2샘플 정도의 오차만을 갖는 우수한 성능을 나타내었다.

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연료 혼입량에 따른 가동시간별 윤활유 열화특성 고찰

  • 강유미;서정목;이희진
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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    • 2022.06a
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    • pp.141-142
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    • 2022
  • 열화란 윤활유의 물리적, 화학적 성질이 변하면서 성능이 저하되는 현상을 말합니다. 물리적 변화는 연료유, 수분, 금속 등 이물질 혼입으로 발생되며 화학적 변화는 산화 현상이 대표적이며 슬러지 등을 발생합니다. 해경 경비함정은 장시간 항해, 해상조건등에 따라 엔진의 부하변동이 많습니다. 따라서 윤활유의 역할이 매우 중요합니다. 그러나 연료혼입 등으로 윤활유가 열화되면서 수명이 단축되게 됩니다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 대표적 물리적 변화의 요인인 연료혼입를 실험적으로 고찰하고자 윤활유에 연료를 일정비율로 혼합하여 물성시험 등을 수행하였습니다. 실험결과 동점도는 윤활유에 점도가 낮은 연료유 혼입량이 증가함에 따라 점진적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였습니다.

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Development of a Cycle-free Based, Coordinated Dynamic Signal Timing Model for Minimizing Queue-Lengths (Using Genetic Algorithm) (대기차량 최소화를 위한 주기변동기반 (Cycle-free based) 동적 신호시간 결정모형 개발)

  • 이영인;임재승;윤경섭
    • Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.73-89
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    • 2000
  • This Paper documents the development of a cycle free based, coordinated dynamic signal timing model for minimizing queue lengths using Genetic A1gorithm. The model was embodied using MAT-LAB, the language of technical computing. A special feature of this model is its ability to manage queue lengths of turning movements at the start of green times. The model produces a cycle-free based signal timing(cycles and green times) for each intersection to minimize queue lengths of turning movements on the cycle basis. Concurrently, appropriate offsets could be accomplished by applying cycle-free based signal timings for respective intersections. The model was applied to an example network which consists of three intersections. The result shows that the model produces superior signal timings to the existing signal timing model in terms of managing queue lengths of turning movements.

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A Study on Improvement of the DDHV Estimating Method (설계시간교통량 산정방법 개선)

  • 문미경;장명순;강재수
    • Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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    • v.21 no.5
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    • pp.61-71
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    • 2003
  • Existent DDHV draws and is calculating K coefficient. D coefficient from sum of traffic volume two-directions time. There is difference of design order and actuality order, error of DDHV estimation value, problem of irregular change etc. of DDHV thereby. In this study, among traffic volume of each other independent two direction(going up, going down), decide design target order in the directional traffic volume, presented way(way) applying without separating K coefficient and D coefficient at the same time. The result were analysis about national highway permanent count point 360 points 30 orders by existing DDHV estimation value method(separation plan) analysis wave and following variation appear. - design order and actuality order are collision at 357 agencies(99.2%) - actuality order special quality : Measuring efficiency of average 80 orders, maximum 1,027 order, minimum 2 orders - error distribution of design order and actuality order : inside 10 hours is(30$\pm$10hour) 106 points(29.4%), 254 points(70.6%) more than 30 orders and $\pm$10 orders error occurrence be - DDHV estimation value : Average 8.4%, maximum 46.7% The other side, average 50 orders. error improvement effect of DDHV 8.4% was analysed that is at design hourly volume computation by inseparability method in case of AADT premises correct thing because inseparability plan agrees actuality order at whole agency with design order and measuring efficiency of DDHV estimation value is "0".t;0".uot;.

Performance of Rotating Biological Contactor under Various Hydraulic Residence Time on thle Removal of Total Ammonia Nitrogen and COD in a Simnulated Water Recirculating System (모의 순환여과식 실험장치에서 회전원판반응기 (RBC)에 의한 순환수처리)

  • SUH Kuen-Hack;KIM Byong-Jin;LIM Sung-Il;CHO Jin-Koo;KIM Yong-Ha;OH Chang-Sup
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.32 no.2
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    • pp.180-185
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    • 1999
  • Rotating Biological Contactor (RBC) was tested for the treatment of artificial rearing water in n simulated aquaculture system. Performance of RBC on the removal of TAN and COD was evaluated by controlling hydraulic residence time (HRT). As HRT of RBC was increased, TAN removal rate ana removal efficiency of RBC and TAN concentration of rearing water were increased, but COD removal rate was decreased. Total alkalinity consumption rate was increased by increasing HRT of RBC. Ratio between total alkalinity consumption rate and TAN removal rate was 7.73. HRT for maintaining lowest TAN and COD concentration of artificial rearing water was 14,6 minutes and at that condition TAN and COD concentration of the water was 1.28 and $5.59 g/m^3$, respectively.

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A Study on the Doppler Compensation Technique of 2-Step Kalman Filter in Mobile Satellite Communication System (이동위성 통신 시스템에서 2단 칼만필터에 의한 도풀러 보상기법에 관한 연구)

  • 강희조;고봉진;조성언
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.166-176
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    • 2000
  • In this paper, the LEO system signal degradation is mainly due to fading and doppler shift, so that the analysis of the signal degradation and compensation techniques are very important. This paper propose a Kalman filter based two step Automatic Frequency Control(AFC) to combat large and time variant frequency offset in low earth orbit satellite communication systems. The proposed Kalman AFC method estimates a frequency offset in two steps, I. e., coarse and fine estimations, extending the frequency acquisition range to even for than the symbol rate. Furthermore, it can track well a time variation of frequency offset. It is shown that the proposed compensator is able to compensate for doppler shift more than several KHz.

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LCU-Level Rate Control for HEVC Considering Hierarchical Coding Structure (HEVC의 계층적 부호화 구조를 고려한 LCU 단위의 비트율 제어 기법)

  • Park, Dong-Il;Kim, Jae-Gon;Lim, Sung-Chang;Kim, Jong-Ho;Kim, Hui-Yong
    • Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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    • v.16 no.5
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    • pp.762-772
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    • 2011
  • In this paper, a method of rate control for constant bitrate (CBR) coding of High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) is addressed. The existing rate control of H.264/AVC may not provide exact rate control in the case of hierarchical coding structure since it doesn't consider the characteristics of the hierarchical coding structure. It is expected that a rate control is added to the reference software called HM for CBR encoding in the near future. More accurate rate control may be required in a hierarchical structure of random access (RA) mode defined in the common test condition of HM. In this paper, we propose a method of rate control based on quadratic Rate-Distortion (R-D) model considering temporal layers and frame types in hierarchical coding structure for efficient rate control. In the consideration of the trade-off relationship between the bit fluctuation and the average PSNR, both of frame and coding unit (CU) are set as the basic unit of rate control. The performance of the proposed rate control method is verified by simulations along with the trade-off relationships for the both cases of basic unit.

Treatment of dyeing wastewater using Moving Bed Bioractor (부유메디아 생물막 공정을 이용한 염색폐수처리)

  • Shin, Dong-Hoon;Lee, Sang-Hun;Ryu, Seung-Han;Park, Jun-Hyung;Jo, Seog-Jin
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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    • 2011.03a
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    • pp.110-110
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    • 2011
  • 염색공업 폐수는 그 성분이 일반적으로 매우 복잡하며, 작업공정의 가동 사항에 따라 수질 변동이 큰것이 특징으로, 각 공정에서 배출되는 염료, 보조화학물질, PVA(Polyvinyl alchol), 전분, wax 등이 포함되어 있으며 pH가 높고, 색도로 인해 하천에 방류될 경우 확산성이 높아 미생물에 의한 자정작용을 방해하여 하천의 수중생태계를 파괴할 우려가 있다. 이러한 염색산업에서 발생하는 폐수는 일반적으로 응집침전, 부상분리법 등의 전처리한 후 활성오니공정으로 처리하는 방법이 널리 이용되고 있으나, 이들 처리공정으로는 폐수 속에 포함되어 있는 다양한화학적 구조의 색소성분 및 유해물질을 완벽하게 제거하는 것이 어려운 실정이다. 유기물 함량이 높은 염색폐수를 처리하기 위해 제안된 기술로는 산소활성슬러지법, 유동상 및 고정상 생물막법, 포괄고정화법 등이 있다. 이러한 기술들중 기존의 처리공정을 증축없이도 처리효율을 높일 수 있는 방법으로 담체를 이용한 부유메디아 생물막공정(Moving-Bed BioReactor, MBBR)이 있다. 이공정은 미생물이 부착, 성장할 수 있는 공극율과 비표면적이 큰 담체를 이용하므로 반응조내의 부유 미생물 뿐만 아니라 담체에 고농도로 부착된 부착 미생물에 의해서도 유기물을 제거하기 때문에 다른 공정들에 비해 처리효율이 뛰어나고 기존의 활성슬러지 공정에 비해 갑작스러운 부하변동 및 유독성 폐수유입에 대해서도 안정적으로 운전이 가능한 장점이 있다. 본연구에서는 부유메디아 생물반응기(Moving-Bed BioReactor, MBBR)을 이용하여 염색폐수내 $COD_{Mn}$, 색도 및 난분해성 물질인 PVA 저감에 대한 Lab-scale test 수행하였다. 실험에 사용된 염색폐수의 수질은 평균 pH 13, $COD_{Mn}$ 900 mg/L, SS 135 mg/L, 색도 1,134 [C.U.], PVA 593 mg/L였으며, 2L의 반응기를 사용하여 회분식 실험을 수행였다. 본 실험에서는 호기성 미생물에 의한 염색폐수의 생분해가 유지되는데 필요한 최적의 용존산소 농도와 이에 필요한 공기 폭기량을 결정하기 위하여 i) DO uptake rate측정과 ii) 담체의 충진율, iii) COD/N ratio, iv) Air 유량, v) 담체내 흡착제의 종류, vi) $Ca^{2+}$ 첨가가 염색폐수의 생분해에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 운전시간을 7일로 하여 COD, 색도, PVA 등을 측정한 결과 담체를 첨가한 경우가 담체를 첨가하지 않은 경우 보다 제거효율이 뛰어났다. 특히 충진율 30%(C/N 3)의 경우에서 COD, 색도, PVA의 제거율이 각각 평균 65%, 70%, 60%로 가장 높은 제거효율을 나타내었다.

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Biodegradation of VOC Mixtures using a Bioactive Foam Reactor I: Reactor Performance (계면활성제 미생물반응기의(혼합 VOCs) 생분해 I: 반응기 거동평가)

  • Shin, Shoung Kyu;Jang, Hyun Sup;Hwang, Sun Jin;Song, Ji Hyeon
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.26 no.6B
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    • pp.689-694
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    • 2006
  • The system performance of a bioactive foam reactor (BFR), that consists of a foam column using a surfactant and a biodegradation basin containing suspended bacteria, was investigated for the treatment of gaseous toluene or a mixture of four volatile organic compounds (VOCs, benzene, toluene, p-xylene, and styrene). Overall, the BFR achieved stable VOC removal efficiencies, indicating that it can be used as a potential alternative over conventional packed-bed biofilters. Furthermore, a dynamic loading test showed that relatively constant removal was maintained at the elevated loading due to a high mass transfer rate in the foam column. However, as the inlet concentration of VOCs increased, a portion of the VOCs mass-transferred to the liquid phase was stripped out from the biodegradation basin, resulting in a decrease in the overall removal efficiency. In the BFR, the removal efficiency of the individual VOC was mainly determined depending on the biodegradation rate (styrene > toluene > benzene > p-xylene), rather than the mass transfer rate. Consequently, increases in the microbial activity and the volume of the basin could improve the overall performance of the BFR system. Further investigation on microbial activity and community dynamics is required for the BFR when subjected to high loadings of VOC mixtures.