• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.135-142
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• 2004

The severe frontal crash tests are NCAP with belted occupant at 35mph and FMVSS 208 with unbelted occupant at 25mph, This paper describes the design process of occupant protection systems, airbag and seat belt, under the two tests. In this study, NCAP simulations are performed by Monte Carlo search method and cluster analysis. The Monte Carlo search method is a global optimization technique and requires execution of a series of deterministic analyses, The procedure is as follows. 1) Define the region of interest 2) Perform Monte Carlo simulation with uniform distribution 3) Transform output to obtain points grouped around the local minima 4) Perform cluster analysis to obtain groups that are close to each other 5) Define the several feasible design ranges. The several feasible designs are acquired and checked under FMVSS 208 simulation with unbelted occupant at 25mph.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Industrial Safety Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.176-182
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• 2000

철도교에서 철도역사의 경우 도로교와 달리 승객의 이동시 필요한 승강장이 존재하기 때문에 승강장의 통로를 위해 개구부가 존재할 수밖에 없다. 따라서 철도교의 철도역사에 대한 구조해석 시 슬래브에 위치한 개구부에 대한 고려가 필수적이다. 그러나 최근까지의 철도교의 철도역사에 대한 구조해석은 2차원 평면 해석에 의존하는 경우가 많아서 개구부에 대한 고려가 없거나 소홀했던 것이 사실이다.(중략)

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.363-369
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• 2000

Due to environmental problem for reduction in fuel consumption, vehicle emission and etc., many automotive makers are trying to reduce the weight of the vehicle. The most effective way to reduce the weight of vehicle is to use lighter materials, aluminum, plastics. Aluminum Space Frame has many advantages in weight reduction, body stiffness, ease of model change and so on. So, most of automotive manufacturers are attempting to develope Aluminum Space Frame body. For these reasons, we have developed Aluminum Intensive Vehicle based on steel monocoque body with Hyundai Motor Company. We achieved about 30% weight reduction, the stiffness of our model was higher than that of conventional steel monocoque body. In this paper, with optimization using FEM analysis, we could get more weight reduction and body stiffness increase. In the long run, we analyzed by means of simulation using PAM-CRASH to evaluate crush and crash characteristic of Aluminum Intensive Vehicle in comparison to steel monocoque automotive.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.95-101
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• 2023

As the popularization of autonomous vehicles is anticipated, it is expected that the variety of passenger postures will diversify. However, the current vehicle safety system is expected to be inadequate for accommodating these diverse passenger postures, particularly in reclined positions where severe injuries have been reported in frontal collisions. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the biomechanical responses and tolerances of occupants in reclined postures. In this study, the behavior and injuries of a Hybrid-III dummy model in a reclined position are analyzed through frontal collision sled simulations equipped with the semi-rigid seat provided by the previous study, three-point safety belt with pretensioner and load limiter, and airbag models. The results are evaluated by comparing thouse reponses with post-mortem human surrogate (PMHS) data, and the findings are expected to be applicable to the basic design of a new restraint system suitable for various postures in autonomous vehicles.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.118-128
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• 1998

Finite element analyses are carried out to provide results usable in the design of airbag module that consists of inflater, cushion, cover, mounting plate, etc. In the first phase, a deployment process of airbag module is analyzed to evaluate the pressure waveform of developed airbag and deployment characteristics, and is compared with the test results. Interaction between head form and inflated airbag module is investigated in the second phase. In the last stage, sled test with rigid dummy, airbag midule, driving system and car interior part are simulated to investigate the influence of airbag design factor on the behavior of dummy with seat belt. The procedures can be provided as a guideline for airbag module design and improvement of airbag module performance.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.62-76
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• 1995

The safety analysis becomes very essential in the crash environment with the growth of automobile industry. Recently, an airbag system is required to protect the occupant. The effects of an airbag can be evaluated exactly from the barrier or sled test which is quite expensive. The airbag system in a passenger car is analyzed with the occupant analysis program. The modeling of the passenger car including an airbag is established and the results are verified by comparisons with real crash tests. However, the solution of an airbag design can not be obtained easily with the conventional method such as an optimization due to the nonlinearity and complexity of the problem. An iterative design algorithm using the orthogonal array is proposed to overcome the difficulties. The design trend of an airbag is recommended to minimize the injury of an occupant with the proposed design algorithm and the results are discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2003

The computer simulation techniques were adopted to evaluate the effects of seating positions of passenger under various accident scenarios. The baseline of computer simulation model was tuned by the sled impact tests which conducted under the upright and standard seating positions. This study shows the effect of relative velocity between occupant and struck vehicle while occupant is impacted to a front seat's seatback. Although, base on the current accident scenarios, The KHST is performed well enough to protect average adult male occupants. However, Results from the tests indicate small size occupant or higher impact speed may cause sever neck and femur injuries.

• Journal of the korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.29-35
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• 1992

본 연구에서 검토한 바와 같이 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션은 실차실험과 다소의 오차는 있지만 매우 값싼 환경에서 컴퓨터장비에 거의 종속되지 않고 연구가 가능하므로 충돌실험이 고가인 관계로 여러 경우를 시도할 수 없는 경우 즉, 조인트 성격변화, 의자위치, 벨트의 신율 및 체결상태, 에어백의 장착여부 등에 대한 변화가 있을 때에 이미 확립된 모델에 입력데이타를 수정 혹은 추가함으로써 충돌시 반응을 예상할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 그러나, 본 연구에서는 비록 우수한 모델링이 확립되었다 할지라도, 차종이나 주변환경이 바뀔때는 다시 모델링을 해야 되는 문제가 남게 되며 이때 필요한 대상차에 대한 입력데이타가 새로이 정의되어야만 한다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.24 no.6 s.177
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• pp.1479-1490
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• 2000

The design process of the motor driven tilt/telescopic steering column is established by axiomatic design approach in conceptual design stage. By selecting independent design variables for improvin g performance of the steering system, each detailed design can be carried out independently. In the detailed design, the safety in crash environment and vibration reduction are considered. An occupant analysis code SAFE(Safety Analysis For occupant crash Environment) is utilized to simulate the body block test. Segments, contact ellipsoids and spring-damper elements are used to model the steering column in SAFE. The model is verified by the result of the body block test. After the model is validated, the energy absorbing components are designed using an orthogonal array. Occupant analyses are performed for the cases of the orthogonal array. Final design is determined for the minimum occupant injury. For vibrational analysis, a finite element model of the steering column is defined for the modal analysis. The model is validated by the vibration experiment. Size and shape variables are selected for the optimization process. An optimization is conducted to minimize the weight subjected to various constraints.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.251-258
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• 2018

Recently, due to the increase in the traffic volume of vehicle, the collision of the vehicle collision has been increased so that the neck injuries of the passengers has been increased. In order to prevent this, vehicle collision analysis research using computer simulation has been actively carried out in consideration of the design point of car seat. In this study, I used the MADYMO program for analyzing the passenger behavior using a BioRID II dummy, and predicted the neck injuries of passengers according to the change of the backset at the rearward collision of the driving speed of 16km/h. As a result, it was found that the shorter the backset, the shorter the contact start time but the contact completion time was almost the same and the T1 acceleration showed that the acceleration increased with the backset. In addition, the tensile strength increases as the backset increases, and NIC (Neck Injury Criterion) increases as the head speed reaches the headrest.