• Resources Recycling
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.20-28
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• 2013

Recently, as the registration of vehicles increases, the utilization of the waste tires is emerging as environmental issues. Crumb rubber reproduced by scrap tires has been reused up to 25% in the construction field. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the mechanical properties of sulfur-rubber concrete (SRC) and to suggest the optimum mix design in terms of the compressive strength. Specimens were prepared with various mixing parameters: amount of sulfur, rubber, and micro-fillers. Two casting processes were also mentioned; dry process and wet process. The results mainly showed that the compressive strength of SRC decreased with an increment of rubber content. However, adding micro-filler and adjusting sulfur contents could improve the compressive strength of SRC. Optimum values of sulfur and rubber content were selected by workability and compressive strength of SRC. SRC can be applied to road constructions where high strength of concrete is not concerned, to wall panels that require low unit weight, to construction of median in highways to resist high impact load, and in sound barriers to absorb sound waves.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.37-45
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• 2000

This paper presents the experimental test results on moisture and freeze-thaw resistance of hot mix crumb rubber modified (CRM) asphalt concrete mixture. To compare the differences in mechanical properties of conventional and CRM asphalt concretes, various tests were conducted under different moisture conditions and freeze-thaw cycles. Marshall mix design was also performed to determine the optimum asphalt contents for the both asphalt concrete mixtures. Test results revealed that the moisture and freeze-thaw resistance of CRM asphalt mixture was superior to the conventional asphalt concrete. As a result, it is considered that the utilization of waste tires in asphalt pavements has the potential of minimizing the damage due to the moisture and freeze-thaw.

• Clean Technology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.143-150
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• 2007

The objective of this study is to develop hydrocarbon-based cleaning agents by blending paraffins, glycol ethers and siloxanes in oder to effectively clean contaminants such as flux, solder and grease. And the effect of cleaning ability by wetting index, aniline points and solubility parameter of the formulated hydrocarbon-based cleaning agents were studied in this work. The formulated hydrocarbon-based cleaning agents were prepared on the base of physical properties of their individual components. Wetting indexes and aniline points of their were measured through experiments and solubility parameters of their were calculated based on the Hansen's equation. In this study, evaluation of cleaning ability by cleaning agents were carried out using contaminants such as flux, solder, and grease. The experimental results showed that the cleaning ability of the formulated cleaning agents was excellent in cleaning contaminants such as flux, solder and grease and that the influencing parameters on their cleaning efficiency were found to be different according to contaminant types. MC($20.3MPa^{1/2}$), DF-1 ($24.2MPa^{1/2}$) and DF-2($21.5MPa^{1/2}$) with similar solubility parameter as flux ($21.3MPa^{1/2}$) showed 100% cleaning efficiency within 3 minutes in flux cleaning. And CFC-113, MC and 1,1,1-TCE with low aniline point less than $-20^{\circ}C$ showed excellent cleaning efficiency in solder cleaning. DG-1($16.2\;MPa^{1/2}$) and DG-2($15.5\;MPa^{1/2}$) with similar solubility parameter as grease($15.0{\sim}17.0\;MPa^{1/2}$) showed relatively low cleaning efficiency of grease, but CFC-113 and MC with high wetting index and low aniline point showed good cleaning efficiency in grease cleaning. As a result of this study, the hydrocarbon-based cleaning agents alternative to regulated cleaning agents such as CFC-113, 1,1,1-TCE and MC were able to be developed through properly blending paraffins, glycol ethers and siloxanes for cleaning flux, solder and grease. And it can be shown that various influencing parameters of cleaning efficiency such as wetting index, aniline point, solubility parameter and etc. of the non-aqueous cleaning agent should be reviewed for prediction of their cleaning ability and can be applied to formulation of cleaning agents.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.127-134
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• 2017

In this study, moist curing equipment was used in the exist gang-form system. By achieving sufficient spray curing, the quality of the concrete was improved and the cracking occurred in building's side wall was decreased. The following results could be made as the conclusion. For the compressive strength, all zones showed the similar results. Comparing with the zone without using moist curing equipment, the zone used moist curing equipment showed higher rebound hardness results. For the cracking, the zone utilized moist curing equipment showed the cracking averaged as 6.6 m and the zone without using moist curing equipment showed the cracking averaged as 10.3m. The effectof reducing cracking by utilizing moist curing equipment is about 36 %. Using moist curing equipment is considered as a good solution to reduce the cracking in the structure. Considering all the factors analysed, using moist curing equipment improved the quality of the concrete and decreased the cracking. When this equipment was used in the construction site, it is expected that the construction periodcan be shrunk and the ratio of defect caused by drying shrinkage can be decreased. In this research conditions, The 0.3mm sized moist curing equipment provided the most desirable results on concrete quality and preventing cracking.

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 1989

철근콘크리트부재의 강도는 여러 가지 요인으로 인하여 변이를 보이고 있다. 주요 요인들은 콘크리트나 철근의 강도 및 역학적 특성의 변이, 시공오차등이다. 이들중 콘크리트의 강도는 상대적으로 높은 불확실성을 가지며, 다양한 요인(배합, 운반, 타설, 양생등)에 의해 변화정도가 영향을 받는다. 본 연구에서는 국내 철근콘크리트 구조물이 가지는 신뢰도의 수준을 분석하기 위한 기초자료 조사로서, 현장에서 타설되는 콘크리트를 설계강도별로 직접채취하여 습윤양생과 현장조건양생을 통하여 콘크리트의 28일 압축강도의 확률적 특성을 분석하였다. 분석된 결과를 이용하여 현장타설 부재내에서의 콘크리트의 압축강도를 추정하였다.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.348-357
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• 2017

In this study, we examined the physical properties of cement mortar by replacing a part of the amount of fine aggregate in moist mud flat. I analyzed the possibilities of using bricks. Flow measurement results show that the flow value increases as the mixing ratio of cement and fine aggregate increases and the flow value decreased as the replacement ratio of moist mud flats decreased. Chloride contents were also found to decrease with decreasing substitution rate of moist mud flats. As a result of the compressive strength measurement, the compressive strength increased in inverse proportion as the displacement ratio of moist mud flats decreased in most mixing ratio. As a result of tensile strength measurement, the tendency was similar to compressive strength and the intensity increased as the replacement ratio of moist mud flats decreased.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1385-1390
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• 2012

Couple of laboratory for controlled low strength materials with bottom ash and recycled in-situ soil have been carried out. The optimum mix ratios for 4 cases with flowability and unconfined compressive strength were determined. The optimim mixing ratios were 25 to 45% of insitu soil, 30% of bottom ash, 10 to 20% of fly ash, 0 to 3% of crumb rubber, 3% of cement and 22% of water. Each mixture was satisfied the standard specification, minimum 20cm of flowability and 127 kPa of unconfined compressive strength. Two different curling methods, at room temperature and wet condition, were adopted. The average secant modulus(E50) was 0.07 to 0.08 * $q_u$. The compressive strength at wet condition showed 10% larger than at room temperature. The range of internal friction angle and cohesion for mixtures were 36.5o to 46.6o and 49.1 to 180 kPa, respectively. The mixture with crumb rubber(case 4) showed higher choesion and lower internal friction angle than the others. The pH of all the mixtures was over 12 which is strong alkine.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 2024

Compressive strength in concrete has many affecting parameters and varies with exposure conditions. Although the concrete has same mix proportions, its properties are different with exposure conditions, and sea-environment can be classified into three groups such as tidal, atmospheric, and sea submerged region particularly. In this study, compressive strength was evaluated on 7-year-cured concrete and the results from previous equations (KDS, ACI, CEB, and JSCE) were compared with them. Furthermore the strength and carbonation progress were evaluated on concrete cured for 7 years exposed to three different sea environment. Three levels of w/c (water to cement) ratio (0.37, 0.42, and 0.47) and three different exposure conditions (tidal, atmospheric, and submerged) were considered. The results from wet-cured condition are all higher than those from the previously proposed equations, and the results from different sea exposure conditions (tidal, atmospheric, and submerged region) were lower than those from wet-cured condition. A reduction of strength was evaluated with increasing w/c ratio and the minimum strength was evaluated in the sea-submerged conditions. Several experimental constants applicable to the previous equations were obtained from regression analysis since the strength change with w/c ratios were not considered in those equations. Regarding carbonation depth with different exposure conditions, higher carbonation depth clearly was observed with increasing w/c ratios, and evaluated in the order of atmospheric, submerged, and tidal region. Considerable carbonation depth was observed in submerged and tidal region due to sulfate ion and dissloved carbon dioxide as well.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.433-439
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• 2023

In this study, the bonding performance of repair materials was evaluated on concrete repair surface to develop concrete repair materials based on UHPC (Ultra High Performance Concrete) which has high mechanical and durability performance. The ten test variables were applied considering the roughness and wet condition of the concrete surface subject to repair, the addition of polymer, and the use PP and PVA fibers in repair materials. The addition of the polymer caused a significant decrease in strength, which was thought to be due to the effect of the additional super plasticizer used to adjust workability. Also, flow was reduced by up to 13.8 % with the use of plastic-based fibers. As a result of evaluating the bond strength of the repair material considering the condition of the surface subject to repair, it was thought that in the case of using UHPC-based repair material, high bonding performance could be secured without any additional surface treatment as long as the surface of the base material was sound. In addition, UHPC-based repair materials showed high bonding performance even when the attachment surface was wet. In the future, research will be conducted on shot-crete application and gradient pouring for the development of UHPC-based repair materials, and continuous improvement in the repair material mixing property will be carried out to ensure economic efficiency and performance as a concrete structural repair material.

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.189-197
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• 1997

This paper describes an experimental study on the seawater resistance of steel fiber reinforced concrete. The test methods adopted for this study are divided into long-term immersion test and acceleration test by wetting and drying. Tests were carried out to evaluate the procedures which were measured for nine months about reduction in dynamic modulus, length change and compressive strength. Resistance indicators are the water-cement ratio, the content of steel fiber, the content of fly ash, the immersion water(artificial seawater or freshwater) and the types of curing. The seawater resistance of the appropriate additions of steel fiber and fly ash have apparently increased.