• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.13 no.3 s.40
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• pp.33-38
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• 2006

Aerosol slurry composed of dielectric materials, distilled water, and deflocculants was sprayed on the substrates, through a high-pressure spray gun as an aerosol. The coated layers were cofired together with $Al_{2}O_{3}$ substrates and green sheets on which the inner connectors were printed. Although the coating rate of coated layers strongly depended on slurry viscosity, spray shape, and the pressure of the spray gun, the coated density was not changed. Buried conductors were maintained as printed by high pressure spray coating method, because the pressing process was not used. At the optimum condition of air controller step 3-4 and slurry viscosity c.p 2000-4000, dense and uniform layers could be achieved. Comparing with conventional lamination process using green sheets, spray coating method enabled thin dielectric layers of $20{\sim}50{\mu}m$.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.268-275
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• 2013

Many kinds of liquid spray products are used in livelihood activities these days. Spray products can be distinguished by the target to be sprayed (like into the air or on human skin (body)). Because human can be exposed to volatile organic compounds (VOC) emitted from spray products, some considerations on safety or hazard of spray products should be needed. In this study, emission characteristics of VOCs were investigated against 10 types of liquid spray products (6 skin spray and 4 air spray products). The concentrations of benzene and toluene were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) equipped with a thermal desorber (TD). Their average concentrations from 6 skin spray products exhibited$ 5.64{\pm}1.95$ ($mean{\pm}S.D$) and $8.52{\pm}2.89$ ppb(w), respectively. In contrast, those of 4 air spray samples had $7.30{\pm}1.31$ and $7.19{\pm}1.78$ ppb(w), respectively. If liquid contents in spray samples are completely vaporized in one cubic meter (1 m3) after spraying for 10 seconds, their mean concentrations of skin spray products are $31.7{\pm}8.80$ (benzene) and $50.5{\pm}17.1{\mu}g/Sm^3$ (toluene). In contrast, those of air spray products are $24.0{\pm}4.30$ (benzene) and $23.6{\pm}5.83{\mu}g/Sm^3$ (toluene). The estimated concentration levels of benzene from two types of products (31.7 and $24.0{\mu}/Sm^3$) exceeded the Korean atmospheric environmental guideline ($5{\mu}g/Sm^3$). The results of this study thus suggest that some measures should be made to reduce or suppress the contents of VOC in spray products.

• The monthly packaging world
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• s.322
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• pp.74-78
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• 2020

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.235-242
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• 2005

This study is on the evaluation of performance of polymer cement mortar which is used for pre-wetting spray method. Pre-wetting spray method is an epoch-making method to repair concrete structures damaged, which is added a small quantity water preciously to dry mortar to reduce dust and rebound and spray mortar mixed with fixed quantity water at nozzle before spray. The result showed that physical performance such like compressive, flexural and adhesive strength of polymer cement mortar, TS 100 used for pre-wetting spray method was superior to other repair mortar. Also durable performance such as resistance on permeability of chloride ion, carbonation, chemical and freezing-thawing was excellent.

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.4 s.62
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• pp.119-128
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• 2005

This paper presents an intuitive 3D modeling interlace based on a field study and prototype development. The process and tools of modeling were observed in workshops of professional design model making, day modeling, wood caning and glass crafting. The Spray Modeling interlace was developed from the observational analysis of the field study. It is a 3D modeling interface which combines particle spraying and day modeling in Virtual or Augmented Reality space. Virtual volume particles are sprayed on frames in Augmented Reality space as day modeling. It adopts a real air spay gun as a tangible interface device which provides coherent sound and air-force feedback. The prototype development and a user study showed that the interface supports new patterns of form development and expression. Control interfaces and requirements of auxiliary devices were found to be improved. This study examines the potential of the new interlace for designers working in 3D virtual and augmented reality. The new spraying interface is also expected to be used as an alternative interface in 3D computer workspace, games, education software and media art.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.401-404
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• 2010

A spray-type cleaning agent in utilizing dust-remover on PCB was chosen to study. In cleaning of electronic and semiconductor equipment, a substrate(IPC-A-36) was used to test the jet forces of the agent. And according to the jet forces time of the cleaning agent, the corresponding moving distances were compared with the spray times, and for the pollutants of iron powder and dust, the cleaning efficiency was tested with the IPC-A-36 by a weight method. The moving distance increased with the spray cleaning time longer. For a spray cleaning time of 3sec, the cleaning efficiency decreased with the amount of dust and the iron powder. It was also observed that the dust was remarkably removed, compared to the iron powder.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2002

Various kinds of aerosols such as a mixture of hairspray resin and its solvents, a perfume, a soap water, and ask in-lotion were sprayed onto the contact lens which was mounted on the eye-model made of wood, varying the parameters as the distance between nozzle and contact lens and the spraying time duration. In the case of both the hairspray and the perfume including an ethanol as solvents, the shape of contact lenses has changed tremendously Jess than 1 minute after the exposure to the aerosol particles and then it continued until the lens surfaces were completely flipped over. Driving force for the lens distortion seems to be the expansion coefficient difference between the inner and outer surface of lens, which was caused by the heat of vaporization of ethanol included in the aerosol and subsequent temperature decrease induced on the lens surface.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.100-106
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• 2006

The behavior of spray impinging on the inclined constant temperature flat plate was experimentally investigated. To clarify the wall effect of a high pressure DISI injector, a relative angle of the inclined wall to a spray axis was varied. Spray penetration along the wall was observed optically and it was compared with that of a Fan spray type and Swirl type spray. To evaluate various spray motion quantitatively, a spray path penetration which describe the development of a spray tip along the wall was newly introduced. To observe the structure of an impinging spray, it was visualized by a controlled stroboscope light and its visualized image was captured on an CCD camera. Using the digital image of impinging spray $H_x$ and $R_x$ was extracted to clarify the structure of impinging spray. The main parameter of the relative position of the wall was the inclined angle which was defined as the angle was varied from $0^{\circ}$ (vertical impingement) to $60^{\circ}$ at the same condition.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.779-787
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• 2002

The cooling heat transfer by impinging water spray jets on a rotating roll with a relatively large diameter has been investigated under various experimental conditions with 3 different sizes of flat type nozzle. The local heat transfer coefficients were calculated by finite difference method using measured surface temperatures of the circular cylinder as boundary conditions. Results show that a peak value of the heat transfer coefficient is located at the center of sprayed area and there may be a secondary peak at the downstream. The average heat transfer coefficients on the sprayed area were found to be 10 to 22 ㎾/$m^2$$^{\circ}C$, and were not related to spraying pressure, but approximately linearly to flow rate of sprayed water. Also it is found that increasing the distance from roll to nozzle could improve the cooling efficiency by increasing the sprayed area.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.818-822
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to develop realistic painting simulation in real-time as well as to represent the thickness of the deposited paint on the surface. The Gaussian model is used for a painting deposition model to calculate the thickness of paints. For a painting simulation, rather than implementing particle systems, we propose a new heuristic algorithm for painting process based on a few number of rays. After we find the collision points of the rays with an environment, we compute the painted area using flood-fill searching method on the texture map and visualize paint effects. We analyzed time complexity of our method to verify that our system is suitable for real-time VR applications.