• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.219-225
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• 2018

This study was carried out to investigate the injection characteristics of 800 kPa compressed natural gas compressed natural gas (CNG) injector developed in Korea. The CNG injector with multi-holes, employed in this experiment, was designed to inject CNG in the manifold at high pressure of 800 kPa. The spray macroscopic visualization test was carried out via Schlieren photography to study fuel-air mixing process. The fundamental spray characteristics, such as spray penetration, spray cone angle and spray velocity, were evaluated in the constant volume combustion chamber (CVCC) with varying the constant back pressure in CVCC from 0 to 1.8 bar. For the safety reason, nitrogen ($N_2$) and an acetone tracer were utilized as a surrogate gas fuel instead of CNG. The surrogate gas fuel pressures were controlled at 3, 5.5, and 8 bar, respectively. Injection durations were set at 5 ms throughout the experiment. The simulating events of the low engine speed were arranged at 1,000 rpm. The spray images were recorded by using a high-speed camera with a frame rate of 10,000 f/s at $512{\times}256pixels$. The spray characteristics were analyzed by using the image processing (Matlab). The results showed the significant difference that higher injection pressure had more effect on the spray shape than the lower injection pressure. When the injection pressure was increased, the longer spray penetration occurred. Moreover, the linear relation between speed and time are dependent on the injection pressure as well.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.143-148
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• 2012

This study is an investigation on macroscopic spray behavior of nonimpinging-type injector equipped on the hydrazine thruster under development. An electron microscope is employed for the acceptance examination of injector orifice. Initial performance characteristics and spray behavior of injector are observed through the instantaneous spray images which are captured by high speed camera and Schlieren method with varying injection pressures. The injector performance is scrutinized by the velocity along with penetration length of spray and categorized by dimensionless parameters. It is confirmed that there exist varying characteristics related to the spray breakup caused by fabrication errors of injector-orifices. Unexpected spray behavior, which needs to be reexamined, is grasped at specific pressure level, as well.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.53-60
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• 2020

In liquid-fuel spray combustion, an experimental study was conducted to observe the effect of ultrasonic excitation on the ultrasonically-atomized liquid fuel flame by controlling pressure field through an ultrasonic standing wave. Flame of the ultrasonically-atomized kerosene aerosol was visualized by using a high speed camera, DSLR, and Schlieren photography. The amount of fuel consumed was obtained by a precise flow-rate measurement technique during combustion, through which the ratio of carrier gas (air) to fuel mass was able to be obtained, too. As a result, it could be found that the combustion reaction-rate of the liquid-fuel aerosol was increased by applying an ultrasonic standing wave to the secondary flame zone of the flame.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.84-93
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• 2022

To implement carbon-neutrality in transportation sectors until 2050, hydrogen is considered a promising fuel for internal combustion engines because hydrogen does not contain carbon itself. Although hydrogen does not emit CO₂ emission from its combustion process, the low energy density in a volume unit hinders the adoption of hydrogen. Therefore, the understanding of hydrogen jet behavior and measurement of equivalence ratio must be conducted to completely implement the high-pressure hydrogen direct injection. The main objective of this research is feasibility test of hydrogen local equivalence ratio measurement by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBs). To visualize the macroscopic structure of hydrogen jet, high-speed schlieren imaging was conducted. Moreover, LIBs has been adopted to validate the feasibility of hydrogen local equivalence ratio measurement. The hydrogen injection pressure was varied from 4 MPa to 8 MPa and injected in a constant volume chamber where the ambient pressure was 0.5 MPa. The increased injection pressure extends the vertical penetration of hydrogen jet. Due to the higher momentum supply when the injection pressure is high, the hydrogen has easily diffused in all directions. As the laser trigger timing has delayed, the low hydrogen atomic emission was detected due to the longer mixture formation time. Based on equivalence ratio measurement results, LIBs could be applied as a methodology for hydrogen local equivalence ratio measurement.