• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.674-682
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• 1988

Total lipids from the roe, muscle and viscus of L. carinata were analyzed for lipid composition by column chromatography, thin-layer chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography. The roe lipids were characterized by a high level of wax esters (63.1%) and a low proportion of trigiycerides (9.9%). The viscus lipids also contained wax esters (32.8%) as its main component, followed by free fatty alcohols and acids (23.5%). On the other hand, the muscle lipids were found to contain a large amount of triglycerides (66.1%) with a trace of wax esters. The main fatty alcohol component of roe and viscus wax esters was C16:0 alcohol (53.0%; 61.7%), accompanied by C18:1 alcohol (10.2%) in the former and by C15:0 alcohol (8.8%) in the latter. Considerable amounts of odd-numbered fatty alcohols were found in both wax esters. On the other hand, the fatty acids of the roe and viscus wax esters contained a high percentage of monounsaturated (49.7%-56.6%) consisting of C16:1, C18:1 and C17:1 acid, and a significant amount of polyunsaturated (41.2%-32.9%), particularly C20:5${\omega}$3. The fatty acid components of triglycerides and phospholipids were different among the tissues tested, especially between roe and muscle or viscus. The fatty acid compositions of free fatty acids from the muscle and viscus were characterized by a higher level of polyunsaturated fatty acids (46.0-34.3%) compared to those of triglycerides 'in the roe, muscle and viscus (28.4%, 19.4% and 19.2%).

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.153-159
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• 2017

We examined changes in the physiological responses of gray mullet Mugil cephalus exposed to acidic seawater (pH 6.0, 6.5, 7.0) and normal seawater (pH 8.0, control) for 15 days. As pH decreased, survival rate and body weight also decreased. Levels of aminotransferase, total protein and triglycerides also differed significantly with changes in pH, presumably due to stress caused by exposure to acidic water. The level of osmotic pressure was significantly higher in the pH 6.0 group than in other groups. Superoxide dismutase was significantly higher in the pH 6.5 and 7.0 groups than in the pH 8.0 group, and glutathione level was lowest in the pH 6.0 group. We conclude that decreasing the pH level of seawater induces a stress response in fish, damaging their ability to control their hematological and osmotic pressure. Antioxidant enzymes are generally sensitive to osmotic stress; in this study, antioxidant activity significantly changed with pH level. These results indicate that physiological stress induced by exposure to acidification reduces survival rates and inhibits growth in M. cephalus.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.186-194
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• 2010

Seasonal variation in species composition and abundance of fish assemblage in the coastal waters off Gori were determined using monthly samples collected by a three-side fyke net in 2006. Of a total of 59 fishes collected, the dominant species were Trachurus japonicus, Mugil cephaIus, Konosirus punctatus, Apogon lineatus, Chelidonichthys spinosus, Ditrema temmincki, Sebastes schlegeli and Apogon semilineatus. These 8 fishes accounted for 92.7% of the total number of individuals collected. The number of fish species, number of individuals, biomass and species diversity indices fluctuated with the seasons. The peak number of fishes occurred in December, whereas biomass of fishes was the highest in March. The number and biomass of fishes were lower in January corresponded with the low temperatures, and the diversity indices were lower in December than in any other month.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.839-848
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• 2015

This study examined the optimal salting drying method and processing conditions (salt concentration, curing time, dry temperature, and drying time) for preparing salted semi-dried common gray mullet (SSD-CGM) Mugil cephalus based on the moisture content, salinity, and overall acceptance using response surface methodology (RSM). The moisture content, salinity, and overall acceptance of SSD-CGM prepared with different salting methods revealed that dry salting was the optimal salting method for preparing high-quality SSD-CGM. The optimal drying method for preparing high-quality SSD-CGM based on the drying velocity and sensory color was hot air-blast drying. The results of the RSM program indicated that the optimal independent variables ($X_1$, salt concentration; $X_2$, curing time; $X_3$, dry temperature; $X_4$, drying time) based on the dependent variables ($Y_1$, moisture content; $Y_2$, salinity; $Y_3$, overall acceptance) for high-quality SSD-CGM were 5.6% for $X_1$, 2.7 h for $X_2$, $47.0^{\circ}C$ for $X_3$, and 8.5 h for $X_4$ for uncoded values. The predicted values of $Y_1$, $Y_2$, and $Y_3$ for SSD-CGM prepared under optimal conditions were 54.4%, 4.2%, and 6.3, respectively, while the experimental values were $55.2{\pm}1.0%$, $4.1{\pm}0.3%$ and $6.7{\pm}0.8$. The actual and predicted values did not differ.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.30-33
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• 1970

This studies' objective methods of identifying fish species are based on the species-specific protein-separation patterns obtained on electrophoresis of watersoluble sarcoplasmic proteins of fish muscle. As the proteins must be in their native undenatured state, electrophoretic identification of fish species has, so far, been restricted to raw fish. An extention of the electrophoretic method to the identification of cooked fish is discribed. The protein fragments extractable in 10M urea from the denatured proteins of cooked muscle can also be separated by electrophoresis into species' characteristic patterns that could be used for species identification. The separation patterns obtained on polyacrylamide gel for the urea extracts of cooked Mugil cephalus, Gadus macrocephalus, Scomberomorus niphonius, Scomber japonicus, Pseudosciaena manchurica, Seriola quinqueradiata, Trichius lepturus, Duderleinia berycoides, Lophimus setigerus, Pampus argenteus are presented. In its present form the method does not apply to canned fish.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.6 no.1_2
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• pp.20-26
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• 1973

Authors have investigated the monthly distribution of vibrio flora in sea water, mud, fish and shellfish in the public beaches at the suburbs of Busan in order to determine the possible origins of food poisoning. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The monthly distribution shows that V. parahaemolyticus occurs from May to November and V. alginelyticus all the year round. 2. A total of 40 strains of Vibrio flora were isolated from 40 sea water samples, 25 strains from 40 mud samples, If strains from 88 shellfish samples, and 3 strains from 30 fish samples. 3. More strains were isolated from the samples collected at Yongho and Suyeong that at the other localities. 4. A total of 80 strains of Vibrio flora, isolated from 198 samples, were divided into two groups : V. perahaemolyticus with 20 strains and V. alginelyticus 60 strains.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.322-330
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• 2014

The fish species and groups were investigated at the four streams in Goseong from September 2011 to August 2012. During the survey period, 17 species from Goseong stream, 18 species from Maam stream, 20 species from Guman stream, and 15 species from Baedun stream of fish were collected. Four creek downstreams were classified into 2 groups which were categorized by the effects of seawater. Group A is Guman and Maam streams with no estuary barrage, with the exchange of freshwater and seawater. On the other hand, group B is Goseong and Beadun streams which was blocked by the estuary barrage and submerged weir. The former group was mainly consisted of peripheral freshwater fish species such as Tridentiger brevispinis, Gymnogobius castaneus, Mugli cephalus, and Acanthogobius flavimanus. The latter one was composed of primary freshwater fish species such as Zacco koreanus, Squalidus gracilis majimae, and Pseudorasbora parva. These results suggest that estuary barrage and submerged weir in the stream could change the natural flow of seawater and freshwater, resulting in change of fish species and groups.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.298-310
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• 1997

The aim of this research was to evaluate the biotic environments based upon the community pattern of demersal fishes in the Masan bay which is heavily polluted area in the southern part of Korea. The baited traps or bottom gillnet sampled bottom fishes at four sites totally 14 tunes from March 1994 to December 1996 with 2~3 months interval. The baited trap caught 0~ 10 species which were mainly starfish, crabs, conger eel, rockfish, or blenny with 0~50 individuals per a trap. Small crab(Atergatis sp.) was significantly dominant in the S1 site, most heavily polluted area, and starfish(Asterias sp. and/or Asterina sp.) in the other three sites. There was no animals at the S1 site in the March and July in 1994 and August in 1996. The gillnets caught 0~7 species which were mainly mantis shrimp, jellyfish, flounder, starfish, crabs, or sea weeds with 0~30 individuals per a pannel of bottom gillnet. Jellyfish was significantly dominant in the S1 site and mantis shrimp in the all four sites. There was no animals in the July 1994 at S1 site and in the August and December 1996 at S4 site. But at the August in 1995 or 1996 in the S1 site, the bottom gillnets caught mackerel, anchovy, gizzard-shad or mullet which was dead all. The species diversity index of samlings by trap or gillnet showed less than 1.0 in the 80% of the totally 56 samplings. This means that the stability of demersal fishes' community is very low owing to the poor biotic environments. But most of fishes living at Masan bay appeared well fitting with the heavily polluted environments. And some fishes, like mackerel, anchovy, gizzard-shad or mullet migrated into polluted Masan bay with the seasonal or annual fluctuation.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.72-85
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• 2010

Seasonal variation in species composition of estuarine fauna in the Han River estuary was determined using monthly samples collected near Ganghwa Island by a bag net from February to December 2009. Total number of species was 86: 54 species of fishes, 16 species of shrimps of crustacean, 12 species of other crustacean such as craps and so on, 3 species of cephalopods and 1 species of jellyfish. Of a total of 86 species, Palaeman carinicauda (32.6%), Acetes japonicus (15.9%), Palaemon gravieri (9.9%), Portunus trituberculatus (7.7%) and Acetes chinensis (6.9%) were predominated in abundance. These 5 crustacean accounted for 73% of total. Abundance, biomass and diversity of Han River estuarine fauna were high in spring and autumn, indicating typical pattern of temperate area. Out of dominant species, the brackish residence species such as Coilia nasus, Chelon haematocheilus, Mugil cephalus, Synechogobius hasta, Lophiogobius ocellicauda, Tridentiger barbatus, Palaeman carinicauda, Palaemon gravieri were collected almost year-round and predominated in abundance. Coastal migratory fauna species such as Coilia mystus, Thryssa hamiltonii, Thryssa adelae, Sardinella zunasi, Engraulis japonicus, Portunus trituberculatus, Acetes japonicus, Collichthys lucidus, Pampus argenteus were most plentiful from spring through autumn. Their adult coastal migratory entered the estuary in spring and large numbers of their juveniles were grew in summer and autumn until moving out to deeper waters for over-wintering, indicating they use estuary as nursing ground. Diadromous fish such as Anguila japonica adults were collected in autumn during their downstream migration. Brackish fauna and crustacean, especially shrimps were predominant, and few contaminant indicator species collected in the Han River estuary, indicating this area maintains the characteristics of natural estuary ecosystem.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.319-327
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• 2012

This paper was the result of investigation on fish fauna of natural estuary at Seomjin River, Korea. The total number of fish species collected in this study was 68 species belonging to 26 families. Dominant species in number was Acheilognathus majusculus (relative abundance: 37.4%), subdominant was Tribolodon hakonensis (10.5%). There were seven migrating fishes including Anguilla japonica and T. hakonensis. There were twenty Korean endemic species including Acheilognathus koreensis and Acheilognathus somjinensis. Thirty five species belonging to eight families were collected in upper part of river that dominant species was A. majusculus (38.2%). Thirty seven species were collected in lower part of river that dominant species was A. majusculus (48.5%). Thirty four species were collected in near estuary that dominant species was T. hakonensis (42.6%). In the comparison result of condition factor for several main species populations of Seomjin River were better than Nagdong River populations having estuary barrage. It was considered that almost fish populations of mid-to lower Seomjin River without estuary bank have stable life with natural environment.