• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.304-316
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• 2013

To determine the appropriate harvest maturity of mulberry to prolong the freshness during distribution, mulberries were classified into three groups (80%, 90%, and 100%) based on their degree of maturity and then compared for their firmness, color, anthocyanin, soluble solids content, pH, titratable acidity, viable cell, mold and sensory quality. They were then investigated for quality changes by maturity under different distribution temperature at $20^{\circ}C$, $10^{\circ}C$ and $0^{\circ}C$. Immediately after harvest, the 80% matured mulberries were shown to be the firmest and 1.74 and 2.64 times firmer than 90% and 100% matured mulberries respectively. The more mature the mulberries were the lower the "a" value was while anthocyanin content was higher. The soluble solids content and pH of mulberries increased as they matured. Less mature the mulberries were the higher titratable acidity was and lower microbial levels in mulberries were. In terms of sensory quality, color of the 100% matured mulberries was the highest but the 90% matured mulberries were most preferred based on other sensory indexes. In comparison to storability of mulberries by maturity, although the firmness of the 80% matured mulberry decreased rapidly, they were the firmest during distribution periods. The level of mold of the 100% matured mulberries was higher than others. Moreover, the more mature mulberries were the quicker they deteriorated. According to quality indexes, depending on maturity and sensory evaluation of mulberry distributed at different temperatures, the storability of the 80 and 90% matured mulberries were higher than that of the 100% matured mulberries. In conclusion, judging by their sensory quality, the 90% matured mulberries were more appropriate for harvesting than the 80% matured mulberries.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.170-173
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• 2006

This study was conducted to analyze the effects of fowl manure application on growth and quality of Ficus benjamiana. The growth of F. benjamiana was the best at the application of 10% fowl manure. The nutrient uptake increased as the dates passed after transplanting. By the elements, the uptake amount was high in order of N>K>Ca>P>Mg. By fowl manure application rates, the nutrient uptake was the highest in 10%. The mot growth characteristics improved in higher fowl manure application rates, and it was the best in 10%.

• Monthly Korean Chicken
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• s.145
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• pp.89-92
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• 2007

• Monthly Korean Chicken
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• s.149
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• pp.77-80
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• 2007

• Monthly Korean Chicken
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• s.148
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• pp.57-60
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• 2007

• Monthly Korean Chicken
• /
• s.146
• /
• pp.89-92
• /
• 2007

• Monthly Korean Chicken
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• s.139
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• pp.65-66
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• 2007

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.76-77
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• 2009

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.2
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• pp.131-135
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• 2011

To examine the sex morph, fruiting characteristics and seed viabilities of Acer palmatum var. matsumurae (Koidz.) Makino, the flowers and seed-sets of 101 trees were collected from early April to late October 2010, and floral structure and seed viability were studied. Among investigated 101 trees, 73.3% of trees were protandrous (PA: pollen is shed before stigmas are receptive) and 26.7% were protogynous (PG: stigmas are receptive before pollen is shed). Acer palmatum var. matsumurae has heterodichogamous sexual system. Number of flowers and seed-sets per inflorescence are significantly different between sex morphs, and PA has more flowers and seed-sets per inflorescence than PG. Rates of sound seeds and decayed seeds are significantly different between sex morphs. Rates of sound seeds were 46.4% in PA, but 65.6% in PG. and rates of decayed seeds were 49.6% in PA, but 23.6% in PG. The differences of decayed seeds' rates between sex morphs might be related with the timing of pistil flower blooming and insect pests' outbreak.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.545-550
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• 1998

Succinic acid, valuable $C_4$-dicarboxylic acid as a renewable alternative feedstock, is currently produced commercially by the petrochemical process, but extensive efforts have been devoted to establish the biological process for mass production of succinic acid. In this study, the bioconversion of fumaric acid to succinic acid was investigated. We isolated an Enterococcus sp. RKY1 KCTC 8890P, facultative bacterium, capable of the bioconversion of fumaric acid to soccinic acid very rapidly and efficiently. At batch fermentation, the amount of succinic acid production increased with increase in initial fumaric acid from 40 to 100 g/L. With fumaric acid of 70 g/L, the average specific and volumetric production rate, molar yield were reached up to 0.64 g/g.h, 4.87 g/g.h, and 96.5%, respectively. Maximum concentration of succinic acid of 88.9 g/L was achieved with molar yield of 89% with fumaric acid of 100 g/L in less than 20 hours.