• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.54-65
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• 1989

지난 40년간 한국에서는 농업생산 특히 쌀 생산의 가속화를 위한 노력으로서 관계사업에 큰 비중을 두어 왔다. 따라서 관계건설과 농지개량에대한 투자는 괄목할 만큼 신장되어 1960년 대 이래 총투자액은 미화 61억달러에 달하고 있다. 그 결과 관계에 대한 잠자력과 관계면적은 크게 확장되어 지난 40여년간 순관계면적은 1945년의 188.200ha로부터 1988년의 195.750ha로 증가 되었으며 이 숫자는 한구구 총 수면적의 73%에 이르는 면적이다. 한국에는 농업수자원의 개발과 관리를 계획, 실시하는 임무가 부여된 국가기관이 있다. 그러나 이에 관련되는 국가수준의 기관이 하나이상이므로 관련되는 기관간의 통합이 문제로 제기되고 있다. 이러한 문제는 얼마간 인식디되고 있지만 아직도 심각하게 남아 있다. 농지개량조합 농촌근대화촉진법에 의하여 조직되고 운영되고 있다. 각 조합에서는 관계관리에 대한 정책, 관계수 분배계획 수자원관리 등을 담당하는 농민관계단체인 흥농계가 조직되고 있다. 농가수준에서의 관계개발 및 관리에 관련되는 문제점 및 주요쟁점은 다음과 같음을 확인할 수 있었다. 1. 관계조직 및 물 사용의 저효율 2. 몽리 구역내의 부과 합리화 및 징수방법 3. 수제의 부과 합리화 및 징수방법 4. 현재의 낡은 관계조직 5. 관계시설을 효율적으로 운영, 유지관리 하기위한 훈련된 인력 6. 관련 기관간의 통합 한국의 현 경제성장 단계에 비추어 볼 때 물의 수요와 수자원의 고갈이 증대되고 있으며 새로운 수자원 개발은 점점 어려워지고 또 고가이다. 따라서 더 이상의 발전을 위해서는 토지와 수자원의 효율적이고 경제적인 이용은 물론 현재 관계조직의 개선과 집중적인 관리가 강조 되어야할 것으로 생각된다.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.153-162
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• 1992

A mathematical model for a long range water supply planning is developed as a dynamic capacitated facility location problem, in which operating costs and two types of fixed costs are considered. The fixed costs are for water supply systems such as dams and reservoirs and for water conveyance systems of waterways or conduits from each water supply points. A spreadsheet model is developed to support the efficiency of user interface and to implement a heuristic solution procedure. The proposed solution procedure utilizes SOLVER tool and it has been applied to a system with fictitious data but with reality and applicability in mind. As a result of the mathematical analysis, not only the most economic construction timings of surface water facilities and distribution systems but also the most economical water supply operating patterns are identified.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.688-702
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• 1998

In this paper, we propose sign language morpheme generation rule corresponding to morpheme analysis for each part of speech. Korean natural sign language has extremely limited vocabulary, and the number of grammatical components eing currently used are limited, too. In this paper, therefore, we define natural sign language grammar corresponding to Korean language grammar in order to translate natural Korean language sentences to the corresponding sign language. Each phrase should define sign language morpheme generation grammar which is different from Korean language analysis grammar. Then, this grammar is applied to morpheme analysis/combination rule and sentence structure analysis rule. It will make us generate most natural sign language by definition of this grammar.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.249-267
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• 2017

The unit of multiplication in the mathematics textbook for third graders deals with two-digit number multiplied by one-digit number. Students tend to perform multiplication without necessarily understanding the principle behind the calculation. Against this background, we designed the unit in a way for students to explore the principle of multiplication with cuisenaire rods and array models. The results of this study showed that most students were able to represent the process of multiplication with both cuisenaire rods and array models and to connect such a process with multiplicative expressions. More importantly, the associative property of multiplication and the distributive property of multiplication over addition were meaningfully used in the process of writing expressions. To be sure, some students at first had difficulties in representing the process of multiplication but overcame such difficulties through the whole-class discussion. This study is expected to suggest implications for how to teach multiplication on the basis of the properties of the operation with appropriate instructional tools.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.88 no.2
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• pp.213-220
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• 1999

The pollen morphology of six taxa of the genus Indigofera in Korea was investigated by light microscope(LM) and scanning electron microscope(SEM). The pollen grains of the genus were monads, prolate spheroidal or subprolate, and trizonocolporate. Sculpture patterns of mesocolpium area were densely microperforate(DMIP) or verrucate with pitted perforate striae(VPPS). Based on sculpture patterns in mesocolpium, apocolpium and colpus areas, three major pollen types of Indigofera were discernible ; Decora, Kirilowii and Koreana. It seemed as if there was some relationship between chromosome numbers and mesocolpium sculpture patterns and the pollen types Decora and Kirilowii were branched out from the pollen type Koreana.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.54-63
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• 2000

In this paper, we implemented cyber character that can do speech recognition, speech synthesis, Motion tracking and 3D animation. For speech recognition, we used Discrete-HMM algorithm with K-means 128 level vector quantization and MFCC feature vector. For speech synthesis, we used demi-syllables TD-PSOLA algorithm. For PC based Motion tracking, we present Fast Optical Flow like Method. And for animating 3D model, we used vertex interpolation with DirectSD retained mode. Finally, we implemented cyber character integrated above systems, which game calculating by the multiplication table with user and the cyber character always look at user using of Motion tracking system.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1983.05a
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• pp.5.2-5
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• 1983

It is well known that laryngeal papilloma is histopathological benign, but clinically one of the most troublesome disease in otolaryngologic department, usually seen in child age. Since Cleesmann reported papilloma of the vocal cord, 1817 first, the etiology had not been known exactly. The symptoms in children are dyspnea, dysphonia due to recurrence, and papilloma in adult can change into neoplasm. The papilloma is thought as real neoplastic lesion and there is not effective treatment, using now repeated removal and combined therapy. This report is based on the typical findings and progress of one case of laryngeal papilloma observed for the past 13 years with repeated removal and topical application of 5-FU at our department. Authors have experienced this subject is interesting that the change of the tumor region during the course than to any new therapeutic methods employed, and so report with some reviews of the literatures.

• School Mathematics
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.567-581
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• 2009

Many articles have reported that zero causes children's arithmetic errors. This article was designed to measure the effect of zero on children's arithmetic performances. For this, 222 of 3,4,5,6 graders in elementary school were tested with pencil and paper. The test were categorized into four parts: basic number fact, column subtraction, column multiplication, and column division. These data showed that the negative effect of zero on children's arithmetic was limited to several areas, concretely, multiplication facts with zero, column subtraction with numbers which have two successive zeros, column multiplication with numbers which have zero in a middle position, long division with zeros. But there was no evidence that students could self-control these negative effects of zero as grade went up. It implies that we should keep attention to children's arithmetic performance with zero in some special areas.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 1999.10e
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• pp.105-109
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• 1999

영-한 기계번역 중 변환 단계에서 한국어 문장을 생성하기 위해서는 구구조 변환 후 조사 및 대역어 선택으로 이루어진다. 그러나 하나의 영어 단어는 여러 개의 한국어 의미들을 가지고 있기 때문에 문장에서 사용된 영어의 정확한 의미에 해당하는 한국어 대역어를 선택하는 것은 번역의 질을 높이고 시스템의 성능에 매우 중요한 역할을 한다. 특히 용언 및 체언의 대역어 선택은 문장에서 서로 간의 의미적인 관계를 고려하여야 올바른 대역어를 선택할 수 있다. 기존에는 전자 사전에 용언과 체언간의 연어 정보(collocation information)를 구축하여 대역어 선택의 문제를 해결하려고 하였으나 연어 정보가 사전에 존재하지 않을 때 올바른 대역어를 선택할 수 없었다. 또한 용언과 체언의 관계를 나타내는 조사를 선택하기 위하여 격(case)을 세분화하여 사전을 구축하였으나 격의 분류 및 사전을 구축할 경우 격을 선택하는 어려움이 있었다. 이에 따라 본 논문에서는 문형(sentence pattern)에 의한 방법으로 용언의 대역어 및 용언이 갖는 필수격 체언의 조사와 대역어 선택방법을 제안한다. 문형의 구조적인 정보에는 용언과 체언의 의미적 역할(thematic role)을 하는 조사 및 용언이 갖는 필수격 체언의 의미 자질(semantic feature)을 갖고 있다. 이러한 의미 자질을 wordnet과 한/영 및 영/한 사전을 이용하여 의미 지표(semantic marker)를 갖는 문형 사전을 구축한다. 또한 의미 지표를 갖는 문형 사전을 기반으로 조사 및 대역어 선택 알고리즘을 개발한다.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.108-112
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• 2011

The pollen of 5 taxa on Korean Oldenlandia L. was investigated by LM and SEM. The pollen grains were monads, $20.7-36.0{\mu}$m in polar length, with an equatorial diameter of $21.0-38.4{\mu}m$. The pollen shapes were oblate-spheroidal or spherical (P/E ratio 0.93-1.00). The apertures numbered 3-7 in number, colporate in shape, with a colpus length of $4.2-20.4{\mu}m$ and a colpus width of $2.6-3.4{\mu}m$. The sexine was $0.9-2.4{\mu}m$ in terms of its thickness, the surface pattern was reticulate, scabrate or neither. Based on these results, the size of the pollen grain, the number of apertures, and the surface pattern of the sexine were all useful for an interspecific classification. The genus Neanotis, established via the pollen characteristics, was thought to be reviewed in its entity regarding the continuous variation of generic characteristics.