• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2021.04a
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• pp.40-40
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• 2021

곤달비(Ligularia stenocephala)는 쌍떡잎식물, 국화과의 다년생 초본식물로서 한국·일본·타이완·중국 등에 분포하고, 우리나라는 전남 홍도가 특산 자생지이며 주로 강원도, 경북 경주, 전북 남원 등지에서 재배되고 있다. 곤달비는 어린 부분을 생채, 데친 나물, 국거리, 튀김, 묵나물로 식용한다. 특수 성분으로는 Isopropenyl, dimethoxybenzofuran, Liguhodgsonal, Ligujapon, Ligularinone A, Ligularinone B 등이며 신경을 안정시키는 진정작용, 진통억제, 정기를 보익하고 허약함을 보하는 기능이 있고, 한방에서는 뿌리가 신경통, 유종(乳腫) 등에 쓰인다. 곤달비는 주로 시설하우스나 노동력이 많이 드는 임간에서 재배되어 생산 단가가 높아 소비활성화를 위한 가공제품을 생산하기가 힘들며, 육묘 또한 시설하우스에서 주로 이뤄지고 있다. 본 연구는 곤달비 노지육묘 파종시기별 생육특성을 구명하여 노지재배 생력화 재배기술을 확립하고자 2019년 4월부터 2020년 11월까지 전라북도농업기술원 허브산채시험장(해발 500m)에서 수행하였다. 춘파는 2019년 4월 상순, 5월 상순, 6월 상순에 각각 파종하였고 추파는 2019년 9월 상순, 중순, 하순에 파종하였다. 본포 정식은 춘파는 2019년 6월 말에, 추파는 2020년 4월 말에 식재하였으며, 파종시기별 발아율, 활착률, 생육특성, 수량성 등을 조사한 결과 파종시기별 발아율은 춘파가 35.0%로 추파 30.7%보다 높았으며, 발아 소요일수는 추파 육묘에서 8.3일로 춘파 육묘 9.3일보다 빨랐다. 파종시기별 정식시 묘소질은 춘파가 추파보다 좋은 생육상태를 보였고, 정식 후 육묘 활착률은 추파가 99.3%로 춘파 94%보다 높았고, 생존율 또한 추파 육묘에서 99.3%로 춘파 육묘 96.3%보다 높았다. 파종시기별 생육특성은 처리간 유의한 차이는 없지만 춘파에서 좀 더 좋은 생육을 보였으며, 수확량은 춘파 처리구에서 798.6kg/10a로 추파 처리 621.4kg/10a보다 높았다.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.78-83
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• 2024

This study was carried out to analyze the effect of changes in the light environment caused by the daylight disturbance on the growth, flowering, and cut flower quality of spray chrysanthemums. The spray chrysanthemum 'Yellow Cap' and 'Pitch PangPang' cultivars for cut flowers were artificially shaded to interfere with 66% of sunlight compared to the non-shading, and then the growing and flowering characteristics, and cut flower yield were investigated accordingly. There was no significant difference in the cut flower yield per unit area between the shading and the non-shading treatments. However, the number of days to flowering was 72.1 days for the 'Yellow Cap' and 65.2 days for the 'Pitch PangPang', which were delayed by 14.1 and 8.9 days, respectively, compared to the non-shading light. In the shading treatment, the flower diameter and the number of flowers also decreased by 10% and 15%, and 30% and 28% for both 'Yellow Cap' and 'Pitch PangPang', respectively. The stem length also decreased by 10% and 20%, the stem diameter by 23% and 37%, and fresh weight by 32% and 33%, respectively. The shading treatment delayed the flowering of chrysanthemums and reduced the growth such as flower diameter, number of flowers, and the length and weight of cut flowers. Based on these results, the daylight disturbance by artificial buildings is expected to reduce the productivity and quality of cut flowers by limiting the light intensity needed for chrysanthemum growth, flower bud differentiation, and flower development. Therefore, further research is needed on the rate of decrease in yield and market value according to the degree of shading to relieve damage to chrysanthemum growers caused by the daylight disturbance.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.68 no.4
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• pp.304-312
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• 2023

Plant breeding is a time-consuming process, mainly due to the limited annual generational advancement. A speed breeding system, using LED light sources, has been applied to accelerate generational progression in various crops. However, detailed protocols applicable to soybeans are still insufficient. In this study, we report the optimized protocols for a speed breeding system comprising 12 soybean varieties with various maturity ecotypes. We investigated the effects of two light qualities (RGB ratio), three levels of light intensity (PPFD), and two soil conditions on the flowering time and development of soybeans. Our results showed that an increase in the red wavelength of the light spectrum led to a delay in flowering time. Furthermore, as light intensity increased, flowering time, average internode length, and plant height decreased, while the number of nodes, branches, and pods increased. When compared to agronomic soil, horticultural soil resulted in an increase of more than 50% in the number of nodes, branches, and pods. Consequently, the optimal conditions were determined as follows: a 10-hour short-day photoperiod, an equal RGB ratio (1:1:1), light intensity exceeding 1,300 PPFD, and the use of horticultural soil. Under these conditions, the average flowering time was found to be 27.3±2.48 days, with an average seed yield of 7.9±2.67. Thus, the speed breeding systems reduced the flowering time by more than 40 days, compared to the average flowering time of Korean soybean resources (approximately 70 days). By using a controlled growth chamber that is unaffected by external environmental conditions, up to 6 generations can be achieved per year. The use of LED illumination and streamlined facilities further contributes to cost savings. This study highlights the substantial potential of integrating modern crop breeding techniques, such as digital breeding and genetic editing, with generational shortening systems to accelerate crop improvement.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.215-222
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• 2012

This experiment was conducted to clear up the cause of nutrient physiological disorder and to manage of optimum fertilization for leaf perilla crop under plastic film house condition in Geum-san area in 2009. A nutrient contents of leaf perilla were analyzed during the growing stages of crop from the first harvest to the last harvest stages, and the data were going to use as the nutritional factors for farms' activity in the fields. In survey of leaf perilla growing status at five farmers' fields, it was needed 30 days for growing of 5~10 stems, 60 days for 10~15 stems and 45 days for 15~20 stems of leaf perilla. Contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in leaf and stem had been kept on some high values in early stages, but it had been decreased in gradually in late stages of growing. Nitrogen and potassium contents were more changeable in leaf than stem, and phosphorus content was kept in more both of leaf and stem than those of nitrogen and potassium. The major macro-nutrient contents of perilla leaf on first of July were 6.34 in N, 0.54 in P, 2.48 in K, 1.98 in Ca and 0.62% in Mg, total uptake amounts of major three elements were $400kg\;ha^{-1}$ in N, $30kg\;ha^{-1}$ in P and $250kg\;ha^{-1}$ in K. Total yield of perilla leaf was $52,000kg\;ha^{-1}$, and total dry matter was $10,510kg\;ha^{-1}$ with $8,680kg\;ha^{-1}$ in leaf dry matter and $1,830kg\;ha^{-1}$ in stem dry matter.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.243-246
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• 2012

The study was aimed at the development of the simple linear regression model to estimate the fruit yield of sweet pepper and to support decision-making management for growing sweet pepper crop in Korea. For quantitative analysis of relationship between environmental data and periodical yield of sweet pepper the data obtained from the commercial Venlo-type glasshouse for 2 years. Obtained periodical yield data of five different cultivars and radiation data were accumulated and fitted by linear regression. A significant linear relationship was found between radiation integral and fruit yield, whereas the production per unit of radiation was different between cultivars. The slope of linear regression could indicate as light use efficiency for fruit production ($LUE_F$, $g{\cdot}MJ^{-1}$). $LUE_F$ of 'Ferrari' was $5.85g{\cdot}MJ^{-1}$, 'Fiesta' 5.32 for first year and $4.75g{\cdot}MJ^{-1}$ and for second year, 'President' was $4.66g{\cdot}MJ^{-1}$, 'Cupra' was $3.86g{\cdot}MJ^{-1}$, and 'Boogie' was $6.48g{\cdot}MJ^{-1}$. The amount of light requirement for the unit gram of fruit was between $25.88J{\cdot}g^{-1}$, for 'Cupra' and $15.42J{\cdot}g^{-1}$ for 'Boogie'. Although we found the linear relationship between radiation and fruit yield, $LUE_F$ was varied between cultivars and as well as year. The linear relationship could describe the fruit yield as function of radiation, but it needed more variable to generalization of the production, such as cultivar specifications, temperature, and number of fruits set per plant or unit of ground.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.1 s.81
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• pp.82-90
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• 2007

In an attempt to establish the appropriate ventilation device for the bottle culture of king oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii), we investigated carbon dioxide concentration and fruiting body formation according to the various ventilation systems within the mushroom house. In addition to, the efficiency of air circulation and growth rate as well as the appearance of physiologically abnormal phenotypes during their growth stage were also evaluated. four different ventilation devices, parallel-pressure type, positive-pressure type, negative-pressure type, and positive- and negative-pressure type were applied in this study. The positive-and negative-pressure type showed the highest efficiency of air circulation as $CO_2$ concentration was 800 ppm and the level of air current was relatively low compared to the other types (the $CO_2$ concentration of parallel-pressure type was 1,400 ppm). Moreover, the stipe length, the cap diameter, yield, and general quality grown in positive- and negative type ventilation device were also better than in the other three devices though it took slightly longer period for harvesting (18.4 days) than the others (17.6, 17.9 and 18.3 days). The appearance of physiologically abnormal phenotypes such as fruiting body lump, soft rot, and brown rot were significantly decreased in positive-and negative type compared to other types, while the appearance rates were not much different for other symptoms of bacterial ooze, stipe limb and stipe bumpy. In summary, we propose that the optimal ventilation system for the bottle culture of king oyster mushroom is positive- and negative type, and this device is expected to increase the total quality as well as yield all year around.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.79-87
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• 1984

Herbicidal effects of alachlor to peanuts were observed under different formulations (granule containing 5.0% a.i. and emulsifiable concentrate containing 43.7% a.i.) and levels (granule with 3 and 6kg/l0a and emulsion with 300㏄/l0a) with the transparent polyethylene (P.E.) film mulching. Formulations and levels of alachlor did not affect emergence ratio, time of emergence and flowering, and early growth of peanuts such as the number of leaves and branches, length of branches; and shoot dry weight at 20 and 40 days after planting, but early growth was enhanced by P.E. film mulching. At harvest, weed dry weight was positively correlated with length of branches, but negatively correlated with the number of branches and shoot dry weight. Acalyphu australis and Chenopodium album were not effectively controlled by the application of alachlor and growth of C. album was retarded under P.E. film mulching. Portulaca oleracea and Digitaria sanguinalis were effectively controlled by alachlor, but they were not affected by P.E. film mulching. At harvest, D. sanguinalis, A. australis, and Echinochloa crus galli were predominant weeds in all treatments; persistence of alachlor may not be long enough to control even sensitive weeds to alachlor such as D, sanguinalis in the field of peanuts of which canopy development was relatively slow. Weed dry weight at harvest was negatively correlated with the number of pods and grain yield of peanuts. Among the yield components only the number of nods per plant was positively correlated with grain yield. Hana weeding after July 1 increased grain yield of Peanuts even in alchlor applied plots.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.1181-1186
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• 2013

Due to climate change, the occurrence of abnormal weather conditions has become more frequent, causing damage to vegetable crops grown in Korea. Hot pepper, Chinese cabbage and radish, the three most popular vegetables in Korea, are produced more in the field than in the greenhouse. It has been a trend that the time for field transplanting of seedlings is getting earlier and earlier as the spring temperatures keep rising. Seedlings transplanted too early in the spring take a longer time to resume the normal growth, because they are exposed to suboptimal temperature conditions. This study examined the influence of air temperature during seedling growth on the time required to reach the first fruit maturity and yield of hot pepper. Seedling plants of 'Super Manita' hot pepper was grown in temperatures $2.5^{\circ}C$ and $5.0^{\circ}C$ lower than the optimum temperature (determined by the average of temperatures for the past 5 years). Seedlings were transplanted into round plastic containers (30-cm diam., 45-cm height) and were placed in growth chambers in which the ambient temperature was controlled under natural sunlight. The growth of seedlings under lowered temperatures was reduced compared to the control. The mineral (K, Mg, P, N) concentrations in the leaf tissues were higher when plants were grown with the ambient temperature $2.5^{\circ}C$ lower than the optimum, regardless of changes in other growth parameters. Tissue calcium (Ca) concentration was the highest in the plants grown with optimum temperature. The carbohydrate to nitrogen (C/N) ratio, which was the highest (18.3) in the plants grown with optimum temperature, decreased concomitantly as the ambient temperature was lowered $2.5^{\circ}C$ and $5.0^{\circ}C$. The yield of the early harvested fruits was also reduced as the ambient temperature became lower. The first fruit harvest date for the plants grown with optimum temperature (June 27) was 13 days and 40 days, respectively, earlier than that in plants grown with $2.5^{\circ}C$ (July 10) and $5.0^{\circ}C$ (Aug 6) lower ambient temperatures. The fruit yield per plant for the optimum temperature (724 g) was the greatest compared to those grown with $2.5^{\circ}C$ (446 g) and $5.0^{\circ}C$ (236 g) lower temperatures. The result of this study suggests that the growers should be cautioned not to transplant their hot pepper seedlings too early into the field, since it may delay the time of first harvest eventually reducing total fruit yield.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2007

In this study, we investigated the properties of incubation and growing of Pleurotus eryngii in addition to the mycological properties to use them as basic data for breeding. The speed of mycelial growth on the MCM was faster than on the PDA. The biomass in the PDB broth culture was higher than in the MCM and YMG broth culture. KNR2515 and KNR2516 required 19 days for growth of mycelia on commercial sawdust media. KNR2503 required 6.5 days and 15.3 days for pin-heading and harvesting, respectively. In morphological properties by the mushroom, the heights of KNR2312 and KNR2322 were 122.7 and 121.0 mm, respectively. The thickness of KNR2322 and KNR2513 were 39.8 mm and 31.3 mm, respectively. The weight of KNR2524's fruiting body was 36.3 g, which is good as wild strain. The quality of fruiting body of KNR2503 was 4.0 in comparison to the score 7 of commercially cultivated strains. KNR2512 had the darkest color of pileus with L value 43.6. The slow growing strains, KNR2511, KNR2513, and KNR2512 had the bright pileus with L value 80. In morphological characteristics, KNR2511, KNR2513, and KNR2515 had white lamellar and plane pileus. The three strains are supposed to be the same group and KNR2516 and KNR2518 appeared to be related to the group. The commercially cultivated strains had convex pileus, KNR2502, KNR2503, KNR2504, KNR2521, and KNR2525 had infundibuliform, and the other strains had plane pileus. Several strains were valuable for breeding, JNR2503 for growth rate, KNR2512 for pileus color, and KNR2312, KNR2322, KNR2503, and KNR2513 for the quality.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.110-116
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• 1997

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of root zone warming on fruit yield of oriental melon (Cucumis melo L. var. Makuwa) in winter season. Root zone was warmed by hot water flowing through pipe set at 35cm depth from the ridge. Treatments of minimum soil temperature at 20cm depth were 17, 21, $25^{\circ}C$ and non-warming from Jan. 18 to Apr. 18. The results are summarized as follows. 1. The blooming of female flower was faster 1 days in 17$^{\circ}C$ plot, 6 days in 21$^{\circ}C$ plot, and 7 days in $25^{\circ}C$ plot than in control plot and the days from blooming to harvesting were shorter 5 days in 17$^{\circ}C$ plot, 11 days in 21$^{\circ}C$ plot, and 12 days in $25^{\circ}C$ plot than in control plot. 2. Mean fruit weight was the highest in 21$^{\circ}C$ plot, followed $25^{\circ}C$, 17$^{\circ}C$ and control plots, respectively, and flesh thickness was the highest in $25^{\circ}C$ plot, followed by 21, 17$^{\circ}C$ and control plots, respectively. 3. Early and middle-phase yield was the highest in $25^{\circ}C$ plot, followed by 21$^{\circ}C$, 17$^{\circ}C$ and control plots but late yield was the highest in 17$^{\circ}C$ plot, followed by control, 21, and $25^{\circ}C$ plots. Total yield per 10a was higher 33% in 17$^{\circ}C$ plot, 49% in 21$^{\circ}C$ plot, and 37a in $25^{\circ}C$ plots than in control plot, harvested 1, 490kg per 10a. 4. Total yield was highest in 21$^{\circ}C$ plot, followed by $25^{\circ}C$, 17$^{\circ}C$, and control plots. Malformed and fermented fruit rates were the highest in control, followed by 17, 25, and 21$^{\circ}C$ plots and marketable fruit rate was 21, 25, 17$^{\circ}C$, and control plot in order.