• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.82-91
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• 2009

Sign language spotting is the task of detecting and recognizing the signs in a signed utterance. The difficulty of sign language spotting is that the occurrences of signs vary in both motion and shape. Moreover, the signs appear within a continuous gesture stream, interspersed with transitional movements between signs in a vocabulary and non-sign patterns(which include out-of-vocabulary signs, epentheses, and other movements that do not correspond to signs). In this paper, a novel method for designing a threshold model in a conditional random field(CRF) model is proposed. The proposed model performs an adaptive threshold for distinguishing between signs in the vocabulary and non-sign patterns. A hand appearance-based sign verification method, a short-sign detector, and a subsign reasoning method are included to further improve sign language spotting accuracy. Experimental results show that the proposed method can detect signs from continuous data with an 88% spotting rate and can recognize signs from isolated data with a 94% recognition rate, versus 74% and 90% respectively for CRFs without a threshold model, short-sign detector, subsign reasoning, and hand appearance-based sign verification.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.118-125
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• 2002

Hydration is the main reason for the growth of the material properties. An exact parameter to control the chemical and physical process is not the time, but the degree of hydration. Therefore, it is reasonable that development of all material properties and the formation of microstructure should be formulated in terms of degree of hydration. Mathematical formulation of degree of hydration is based on combination of reaction rate functions. The effect of moisture conditions as well as temperature on the rate of reaction is considered in the degree of hydration model. This effect is subdivided into two contributions: water shortage and water distribution. The former is associated with the effect of W/C ratio on the progress of hydration. The water needed for progress of hydration do not exist and there is not enough space for the reaction products to form. The tatter is associated with the effect of free capillary water distribution in the pore system. Physically absorption layer does not contribute to progress of hydration and only free water is available for further hydration. In this study, the effects of chemical composition of cement, W/C ratio, temperature, and moisture conditions on the degree of hydration are considered. Parameters that can be used to indicate or approximate the real degree of hydration are liberated heat of hydration, amount of chemically bound water, and chemical shrinkage, etc. Thus, the degree of heat liberation and adiabatic temperature rise could be determined by prediction of degree of hydration.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.251-255
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• 2019

The effect of soaking temperature on the moisture uptake and the protein loss of soybeans during soaking process investigated. As the soaking temperature increased, the soaking rate significantly increased and Peleg model was suitable for describing the soaking characteristics of the soybean with high $R^2$ values (>0.991). The soaking time to achieve the target moisture content of soybean (130%) was estimated to be 12.6, 3.11 and 2.31 h at 25, 35 and $45^{\circ}C$, respectively. Peleg model well described the protein loss kinetics of soybean during soaking with high $R^2$ values (>0.941). The results showed that the protein loss of soybean at the target moisture content were 35.2, 93.1 and 103.0 mg/g at 25, 35 and $45^{\circ}C$, respectively. In this study, the optimum soaking condition for quality of soybean was 12.6 h of soaking time at $25^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.137-147
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• 2002

Maturity models involving curing temperature and curing ages have been widely used to predict concrete strength, which can accurately estimate concrete strength. However, they may not consider physical quantities such as the characteristics of hydrates and the capillary porosity of microstructures associated with strength development. In order to find out the effects of both factors on a strength increment, the hydration model and the estimation method of the amount of capillary porosity were established, and the compressive strength test of concrete nth various water/cement ratios was carried out considering two test parameters, curing temperature and curing age. In this study, by analyzing the experimental results, a strength estimation model for early-age concrete that can consider the microstructural characteristics such as hydrates and capillary porosity was proposed. Measured compressive strengths were compared with estimated strengths and good agreements were obtained. Consequently, the proposed strength model can estimate compressive strength of concrete with curing age and curing temperature within an acceptable error.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.5A
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• pp.909-915
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• 2006

To predict autogenous shrinkage of concrete, unsaturated pore compensation factor could be calculated by experiments of autogenous shrinkage of cement paste on the assumption that the differences between degree of hydration and strain rate of autogenous shrinkage are unsaturated pore formation rate. Applying unsaturated pore compensation factor on modified Pickket model considering contribution factor and non-contribution factor to autogenous shrinkage of concrete, experimental data and existing model were compared. From the results modified Pickket model was verified to present similar tendency between Tazawa model and experimental data, but CEB-FIP model might be corrected because this model uses ultimate autogenous shrinkage underestimated and the same autogenous time function of concrete material properties considering only compressive strength.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2021

The present study proposes the modified-stoichiometric model for describing hydration of sodium silicate-based alkaliactivated slag(AAS), and compares the results with the thermodynamic modelling-based calculations. The proposed model is based on Chen and Brouwers(2007a) model with updated database as reported in recent studies. In addition, the calculated results for AAS are compared to those for hydrated portland cement. The maximum difference between the proposed model and the thermodynamic calculation for AAS was at most 20%, and the effects of water-to-binder ratio and activator dosages were identically described by both approaches. In particular, the amount of non-evaporable water was within 10% difference, and was in excellent agreement with the experimental results. Nevertheless, notable deviation was observed for the chemical shrinkage, which is largely dependent on the volume of hydrates and pores.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.02a
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• pp.851-856
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• 2007

수화는 청각장애인이 주로 사용하는 시각적인 언어이다. OpenGL 기반의 가상현실 공간을 배경으로 하여 청각장애인들이 쉽게 이해할 수 있는 수화 아바타의 움직임을 구현하기 위해, 본 논문에서는 수화 동작 데이터베이스를 구축하는 그래픽 사용자 인터페이스를 개발한다. 개발한 시스템에서는 아바타의 사실적인 표현과 친근감을 강조하기 위해 3D MAX 기반의 인체 아바타 모델의 픽셀 값을 ASE를 사용하여 C언어 코드로 변환함으로써 인간과 거의 비슷한 모델을 생성하였다. 손 모양 편집프로그램은 슬라이드 바를 사용하여 21개의 손 관절 각도를 조정할 수 있으며, 손 모양 코드번호와 손 모양 이름을 지정하여 수화단어 편집프로그램에서 사용하는 손 모양 데이터 형식으로 저장할 수 있다. 수화단어 편집프로그램은 수화단어 데이터 형식의 값을 설정하는 기능과 함께 손 모양 대칭복사, 검색, 추가, 수정, 삭제 기능을 제공함으로써 사용자가 손 모양을 쉽게 편집할 수 있도록 하였다. 손 모양 편집프로그램과 수화단어 편집프로그램을 사용하여 구성한 데이터베이스를 기반으로 수화 아바타가 가상현실 공간에서 인간과 유사한 움직임을 표현할 수 있도록 하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.81-87
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• 2020

Crack control is essential to increase the durability of concrete significantly. Healing of crack can be controlled by rehydration of unreacted clinkers at the crack surface. In this paper, by comparing the results of isothermal calorimetry test and regression analysis, the Parrot & Killoh's cement hydration model was verified and clink er hydration model was proposed. The composition and quantification of hydration products were simulated by combining kinematic hydration model and thermodynamic model. Hydration simulation was conducted using the verified and proposed hydration model, and the simulation was performed by the substitution rate of clink er. The type and quantity of the final hydration product and healing product were predicted and, in addition, the optimal cementitious material of self-healing concrete was selected using the proposed hydration model.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.02a
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• pp.386-392
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• 2007

최근 들어 손 제스처를 인간-기계 인터페이스에 활용하는 연구가 많아지고 있다. 그 중에서 수화 인식은 청각장애인과 일반인 사이의 원활한 의사 소통을 하게 해 주는 인터페이스로서 중요성이 날로 더해가고 있다. 하지만 기존의 수화 인식 연구는 사용자 개개인의 수화 동작의 차이를 고려하지 않고 다수 사용자를 위한 모델을 사용하기 때문에 사용자에 따라 인식률이 낮아지게 된다. 이러한 점을 보완하기 위해 본 논문에서는 개개인의 수화 동작 특성을 반영하여 시스템이 사용자에게 적응해 가는 과정을 다루고자 한다. 특히 점진적인 사용자 적응에 있어서 가장 문제가 되는 것은 어떻게 비관측된 상태(unobserved state)의 파라미터를 수정할 것인가 하는 것이다. 이를 위해서 본 논문에서는 동작 유사도와 적응 추이에 의한 추정을 통해 비관측된 상태의 모델 파라미터를 수정한다. 실제 청각 장애인들로부터 획득한 데이터베이스를 사용하여 제안한 방법이 기존 방법에 비해 더욱 빠르게 사용자의 특성을 시스템에 반영하고 인식률을 향상시킨다는 것을 실험을 통해 보인다.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.17 no.4 s.88
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• pp.581-586
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• 2005

High-performance concrete (HPC), which is particularly sensitive to self-desiccation, is required to be durable even in severe environmental conditions, i.e. costal area, cold district, etc. However, in recent years, some attention was particularly given to cracking sensitivity of high performance concrete at early age. It has been argued and demonstrated experimentally that such concrete undergoes autogenous shrinkage due to self-desiccation at early age under restrained condition, nd, as a result, internal tensile stress may develop, leading to micro cracking and macro cracking. This shrinkage-introduced crack produces a major serviceability problem for concrete structures. One possible method to reduce cracking due to autogenous shrinkage is the addition of expansive additive. Tests conducted by many researches have shown the beneficial effects of addition of expansive additive for reducing the risk of autogenous shrinkage-introduced cracking. However, the research on hydration model of expansion additive has been hardly researched up to now. This paper presents a study of the hydration model of Ettringite-Gypsum type expansive additive. As a result of comparing forecast values with experiment value, proposed model is shown to expressible of hydration of expansive additive.