• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.142-161
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• 2013

In order to enhance scientific interest and a sense of affinity about ocean, the programs of the oceanic camp 'oceanic summer school' were developed and applied to $4^{th}$ and $9^{th}$-grade elementary and middle school students for 9 years from 2004 to 2012. It was composed of oceanic training for snorkeling, a tour to oceanic institutes and museums near the camp academy place, experimental learning in oceanic-related field, field trips for ocean and earth sciences, and lectures on various subjects of ocean. We developed and implemented 9-kinds of inquiry surveys to evaluate changes in cognitive and affective characteristics, and ocean literacy of students participated at the present oceanic summer camp. Based on the statistical analysis, affective characteristics such as interest, inquisitiveness, passion, and so on, were enhanced. Analysis of ocean literacy revealed that cognitive characteristics of the students were increased by 40%. We presented parents' responses on the programs of oceanic summer school. Some students with less initial interest of ocean have positively changed to make up their minds to be a oceanographer in several years later. In light of this, the summer school can be evaluated to be successfully functioned as a long-term support system for potentially young-talented students in the field of ocean science. This study addresses that long-term implementation of the summer oceanic camp may trigger students with potential talent toward in-depth science in the near future even though it could not bring positive effect immediately. This addresses the necessity of policy supports in order that various programs like the scientific camp should be more constructively developed and executed for next-generation manpower in oceanographic fields.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.5684-5691
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to examine effects of constraint-induced movement therapy(CIMT) and/or cognitive-perceptual training(CPT) on the change of hand function in cerebrovascular accident(CVA) patients and to evaluate the change in the amount and quality of use of the affected upper extremity in performing daily living tasks. The subjects of study were 10 patients who had been under rehabilitation for more than three months after CVA onset. They were all determined as mild cognition impairment according to NCSE or MVPT test. For CIMT group, to restrict the movement of the unaffected hand the subjects had been worn modified resting arm-splint in daytime for 4 weeks. For CIMT+CPT group, the subjects were performed CPT with CIMT and control group had been under conventional occupational therapy for the same period. CIMT+CPT group showed significant improvement in simulated feeding, lifting large light objects, and lifting large heavy objects of Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test. CIMT group also showed significant improvement compared with control group. The mean changes of the amount of use(AOU) of the affected arm had a statistically significant difference among groups (p<.05). While CIMT+CPT group had the biggest change in the quality of movement(QOM) of upper extremity of the affected side, CTL group showed the smallest change. Both CIMT and CIMT+CPT groups had statistically significant difference in the change in the quality of movement in upper extremity of affected side with CTL group(p<.05), but there was not significant difference between CIMT group and CIMT+CPT group. CIMT performed to the patients of stroke, with mild impairment in cognitive perceptual abilities showed the improvement in hand movement and AOU and QOM of upper extremity in the affected side and the combination of CIMT with CPT showed synergic effects.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.165-173
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• 1994

Purpose : Metastatic cancer to the brain is a major problem for the patients with bronchogenic carcinoma, and most of these patients have a limited survival expectancy. To increase tumor control and / or to decrease late morbidity with possible shortening in over-all treatment period, multiple daily fraction technique for brain metastasis was performed. The author reperesented the results of accelerated fractionation radiotherapy in patients with brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancer. Materals and Methods : Twenty-six patients with brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancer between 1991 and 1993 received brain radiotherapy with a total dose of 48 Gy, at 2 Gy per fraction, twice a day with a interfractional period of 6 hours, and delivered 5 days a week. The whole brain was treated to 40 Gy and boost dose escalated to 8 Gy for single metastatic lesion by reduced field. Twenty-four of the 26 patients completed the radiotherapy. Radiotherapy was interupted in two patients suggesting progressive intracerebral diseases. Results : This radiotherapy regimen appears to be comparable to the conventional scheme in relief from symptoms. Three of the 24 patients experienced nausea and or vomiting during the course of treatment because of acute irradiation toxicity. The author observed no excessive toxicity with escalating dose of irradiation. An increment in median survival, although not statistically significant(p>0.05), was noted with escalating doses(48 Gy) of accelerated fractionation(7 months) compared to conventional treatment(4.5 months). Median survival also increased in patients with brain solitary metastasis(9 months) compared to multiple extrathoracic sites(4 months), and in patients with good performance status(9 months versus 3.5 months), they were statistically significant (p<0.01). Conclusion : The increment in survival in patients with good prognostic factors such as controlled primary lesion, metastasis in brain only and good perfomance status appeared encouraging. Based on these results, a multi-institutional prospective randomized trial should be initiated to compare the twice-a-day and once-a-day radiotherapy schemes on patients with brain metastasis with careful consideration for the patients' quality of life.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.142-154
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• 2010

The protein-bound innerpolysaccharides (IPS) produced by suspended mycelial cultures of Inonotus obliquus have promising potentials as an effective antidiabetic as well as an immunostimulating agents. To enhance IPS production, intensive strain improvement process should be carried out using large amount of UV-mutated protoplasts. During the whole strain-screening process, the stage of solid growth-culture was found to be the most time-requiring step, thus preventing rapid screening of high-yielding producers. In order to reduce the cell growth period in the solid growth-stage, therefore, solid growth-medium was optimized using the statistical methods such as (i) Plackett-Burman and fractional factorial designs (FFD) for selecting positive medium components, and (ii) steepest ascent (SAM) and response surface (RSM) methods for determining optimum concentrations of the selected components. By adopting the medium composition recommended by the SAM experiment, significantly higher growth rate was obtained in the solid growth-cultures, as represented by about 41% larger diameter of the cell growth circle and higher mycelial density. Sequential optimization process performed using the RSM experiments finally recommended the medium composition as follows: glucose 25.61g/L, brown rice 12.53 g/L, soytone peptone 12.53 g/L, $MgSO_4$ 5.53 g/L, and agar 20 g/L. It should be noted that this composition was almost similar to the medium combinations determined by the SAM experiment, demonstrating that the SAM was very helpful in finding out the final optimum concentrations. Through the use of this optimized medium, the period for the solid growth-culture could be successfully reduced to about 8 days from the previous 15~20 days, thus enabling large and mass screening of high producers in a relatively short period.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.101-112
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• 2012

Business consulting which aims at advising overall management, comparative advantage in competitive environment, administration and so forth is deemed to be significant so that a credit union may flexibly respond to rapid and complicated financial environment. Accordingly, business consulting has been initiated and implemented in credit union since 2002, which seemingly leads to positive outcome to enhance its competitiveness. However, very few research exists which analyze the credit union's competitiveness and business performance after the business consulting. Thus, the research intends to verify how consulting influences on management performance by its various factors. With the above studies in mind, hypothesis is formed that the characteristics of a consulting comsumer and the characteristics of supplier will give a meaningful impact on management performance. The test shows the result as followings: Firstly, a primary credit union's trust and NACUFOK's expertise demonstrate that they are closely relevant to financial and non financial management performance. Secondly, support and willingness to apply states that they influences on non financial performance, while no direct impact is found to financial performance. Thirdly, NACUFOK's capability is rarely interrelated to financial and non financial performance. The present study implies that the credit union as a consulting beneficiary should participate in the consulting, accept the result, and make effort to solve the management problems. In addition, NACUFOK as a consulting supplier should initiate the organization in exclusive charge, perform the professional group, and foster the professional consultant for the development of consulting method, the improvement of consulting process, and the specialization of consultant including the enhancement of core competencies. When these perspectives are sufficient, it will be connected to the management outcomes, further, it will be boosted up the competitiveness of the Credit Union. Hopefully the present study helps to motivate the consulting of primary credit union, boost up the effectiveness of consulting, further, providing the perspective on consulting the credit union. And these may result in the indication of consulting development direction and the competitiveness of Credit Union.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.357-365
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• 2009

On the purpose to improve the milling efficiency as well as head-rice percentage after milling, an experiment to improve the removal ability of immature kernels in the immature brown rice separator (IBRS) was performed focused on varietal characteristics. The removal ability of immature grains by the IBRS was absolutely depending on kernel thickness of brown rice. The kernel thickness of the tested rice varieties distributed from 1.79 mm in Nonganbyeo to 2.16 mm in Daeribbyeo 1. Although there were some variation among rice varieties, it was roughly suggested that the suitable sieve-slit widths for good separation of the immature kernels were 1.9 mm for the varieties thicker than 2.08 mm in thickness, 1.8 mm for the varieties with 2.00-2.08 mm thickness, 1.7 mm for the varieties with 1.90-2.00 mm thickness, and 1.60-1.65 mm for the varieties thinner than 1.7 mm. It was found out that the higher the proportions of immature kernels in brown rice, the more conspicuous the improvement of milling efficiency as well as head rice rates by their removals. With increasing the sieve slit-widths beyond an optimum range, the losses of mature grains increased sharply. For effective separation of immature kernels, it was suggested that the optimum sieve-slit width should be set up depending on both of the kernel thickness and the critical loss limit of mature kernel.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.89-101
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to develop the elementary school science instructional material for nurturing students' creativity and to analyze the effects of this material on the changes of students' creativity. This material was composed of student's worksheet and a teacher's guidebook, in which are relevant to the elements of creativity and creative activities that can be applied to elementary science curriculum of 5th and 6th grades. Student's worksheets include various creative activities: imagination, guided imagery, experimental activity, mind mapping as wrap-up, and 'let's think' as an extended activity, game, puzzle, making a cartoon, to be, role playing, and so on. These materials were applied to 5th grade science class, 156 students. They were divided into two groups: the treatment group to which developed material was applied and the control group which was a traditional lecture-centered class. After this material had been applied for 3 months, students of both groups took a test of creativity. Interviews and observation were also carried out with three level groups (higher, medium and lower level) which were divided within the treatment group based on their creativity score. The results of this study were as follows: The treatment group showed higher score on creativity than that of control group(p<0.01). In the result of interviews and observation, the students of the higher and the medium level accomplished their tasks by themselves better than those on lower level.All of them took an interest in visual activity. In a wrapping-up step, the higher level students made mind map more systematically and the medium students improved as time goes on, but low level students feel constrained. In totally, they used various expression methods and were interested in making drawings and cartoons creatively.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.311-324
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• 2021

Recently, ten geosites have been considered in Hwaseong for endorsement as national geoparks, including the Jebudo, Gojeongri Dinosaur Egg Fossils, and Ueumdo geosites. The Jebudo geosite in the southern part of the Seoul metropolitan area has great potential for development as a new geoscience educational site because it has geological, geographical (landscape), and ecological significance. In this study, we described the geological characteristics through field surveys in the Jebudo geosite. We evaluated its potential as a geo-education site based on comparative analysis with other geosites in Hwaseong Geopark. In addition, we reviewed the practical effect of field education at geosites on the essential concepts and critical competence-oriented education emphasized in the current 2015 revised science curriculum. The Jebudo Geosite is geologically diverse, with various metamorphic rocks belonging to the Precambrian Seosan Group, such as quartzite, schist, and phyllite. Various geological structures, such as clastic dikes, faults, joints, foliation, and schistosity have also been recorded. Moreover, coastal geological features have been observed, including depositional landforms (gravel and sand beaches, dunes, and mudflats), sedimentary structures (ripples), erosional landforms (sea cliffs, sea caves, and sea stacks), and sea parting. The Jebudo geosite has considerable value as a new geo-education site with geological and geomorphological distinction from the Gojeongri Dinosaur Egg Fossils and Ueumdo geosites. The Jebudo geosite also has opportunities for geo-education and geo-tourism, such as mudflat experiences and infrastructures, such as coastal trails and viewing points. This geosite can help develop diverse geo-education programs that improve key competencies in the science curriculum, such as critical thinking, inquiry, and problem-solving. Furthermore, by conducting optimized geo-education focused on the characteristics of each geosite, the following can be established: (1) the expansion of learning space from school to geopark, (2) the improvement of understanding of specific content elements and linkage between essential concepts, and (3) the extension of the education scope throughout the earth system. There will be positive impacts on communication, participation, and lifelong learning skills through geopark education.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.158-167
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• 2016

The requirements for medical laboratories ISO 15189 is examined in organization and a quality management system, stressing the importance of evidence, document control, and control of records and clinical material. Medical services are provided from the areas of resource management, and pre-examination, examination and post-examination processes. The main goal of ISO 15189 accreditation is to improve the quality of laboratory services provided for patients and clinical users not only through compliance with consensually developed and harmonized requirements but also by adopting the philosophy of continual improvement using the Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle. Laboratory quality should be evaluated and improved in all steps of the testing process as the state-of-the art indicates that the pre- and post-analytical phases are more vulnerable to errors than the intra-analytical phase. The Korea Laboratory Accreditation Scheme (KOLAS), a national accreditation body, provides medical laboratory accreditations for appropriate approaches to evaluating the competence of a medical laboratory in providing effective services to its customers and clinical users. Adoption of ISO 15189 in 2010s as a government policy has been delayed, and only 5 laboratories have been accredited to date in Korea. The medical laboratories should seek the adoption of ISO 15189 with a positive attitude for quality improvement and strengthening of international competitiveness.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.55-68
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• 1981

Calcium and phosphorus are not only indispensable for the bone formation and body fluids equilibrium but also are major components of egg shell. It is nutritionally important, therefore, to investigate the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus and to search for optimum requirement of calcium and phosphorus and the availability of various sources of calcium an4 phosphorus by poultry. An attempt was made to review the nutrition of calcium and phosphorus in poultry diets. 1, Calcium and phosphorus have great interrelationship with vitamin D in their metabolisms. 2. Most of the plant-origin phosphorus are existing in phytic form and it leads to low availability when used in poultry rations, although calcium and phosphorus present in animal-origin or mineral supplements are highly available in general. 3. Calcium and phosphorus requirement from existing information indicated that 1.0% calcium and 0.7% phosphorus for broiler and egg-type chicks, and 3.5% calcium and 0.4% phosphorus for laying hen. 4. It has been recommended that calcium and phosphorus level should be increased when the feed intake was decreased or when the egg Production rate was higher or when the hens are old. 5. Mono-, ci-, tri-, calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, bone meal, limestone and oyster shell u the most readily available among various sources of calcium phosphorus supplements. Soft rock phosphate, deflourinated phosphate and gypsum are somewhat inferior to the previous ones in bioavailability. 6. The effect of particle size of calcium supplements on egg shell quality and egg production rate is not yet clearly defined but recent works showed that oyster shell is more available when it was coarse and limestone is more available when it was fine in panicle. size. 7. Present data indicated that mixed feeding of oyster shell and limestone is superior to the single feeding of each on laying performance. 8. Significant interaction between phosphorus and sodium was observed, that is, excessive sodium decreased egg production in layer and body weight growth in broiler in the low phosphorus diets but increased them in the high phosphorus diets.