• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.119-132
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• 2014

This study analyzed the failure prediction model of the firms listed on the KOSDAQ by considering whether there are embezzlement, malpractice and the largest shareholder changes or not. This study composed a total of 166 firms by using two-paired sampling method. For sample of failed firm, 83 manufacturing firms which delisted on KOSDAQ market for 4 years from 2009 to 2012 are selected. For sample of normal firm, 83 firms (with same item or same business as failed firm) that are listed on KOSDAQ market and perform normal business activities during the same period (from 2009 to 2012) are selected. This study selected 80 financial ratios for 5 years immediately preceding from delisting of sample firm above and conducted T-test to derive 19 of them which emerged for five consecutive years among significant variables and used forward selection to estimate logistic regression model. While the precedent studies only analyzed the data of three years immediately preceding the delisting, this study analyzes data of five years immediately preceding the delisting. This study is distinct from existing previous studies that it researches which significant financial characteristic influences the insolvency from the initial phase of insolvent firm with time lag and it also empirically analyzes the usefulness of data by building a firm's fail prediction model which considered embezzlement/malpractice and the largest shareholder changes as dummy variable(non-financial characteristics). The accuracy of classification of the prediction model with dummy variable appeared 95.2% in year T-1, 88.0% in year T-2, 81.3% in year T-3, 79.5% in year T-4, and 74.7% in year T-5. It increased as year of delisting approaches and showed generally higher the accuracy of classification than the results of existing previous studies. This study expects to reduce the damage of not only the firm but also investors, financial institutions and other stakeholders by finding the firm with high potential to fail in advance.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.60-65
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial effect of chlorine dioxide ($ClO_2$) on the vase life of cut rose 'Beast' (Rosa hybrida L.). Postharvest treatments to extend the vase life of cut roses were divided into two: holding solution treatment and pulsing solution treatment. In holding solution treatment, the cut roses were treated with preservative solutions containing tap water (TW, control), distilled water (DW), $ClO_2$ 2, 4, 6, and $8{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$, and compared with a commercialized antimicrobial compound of 8-HQS $200{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$. In pulsing solution treatment, cut roses were dipped into the $ClO_2$ solutions of 50, 100, 150, 200, and $250{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ for 60 seconds and were placed in DW. The air temperature was $18.4^{\circ}C$, RH 51.5%, and light (photosynthetically active radiation, PAR) $3.6{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ with 12 hour day length. The longest vase life of cut roses was observed in the holding solution with $ClO_2$ $4{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ as 13.8 days and pulsing with $200-250{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ as 13.5-13.7 days, where vase life were extended four days longer than TW. Whereas, the inclusion of 8-HQS $200{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ in vase solution resulted in phytotoxicity. The relative fresh weight and water uptake have similar tendencies. Bacteria inhibition by $ClO_2$ and 8-HQS were very effective. But bacteria at TW and DW treatments on cut flower with stem were detected in $3.7{\times}10^5CFU{\cdot}L^{-1}$ and $6.3{\times}10^5CFU{\cdot}L^{-1}$, respectively (without stem in DW $1.4{\times}10^4CFU{\cdot}L^{-1}$). The $ClO_2$ contents in holding solution of all treatments were scavenged in two-four days after treatment. This study indicated that $ClO_2$ $4{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ holding solution treatment and $200-250{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ pulsing solution treatment can be applied to extend the postharvest life of cut roses.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.349-364
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• 2017

Duckweed family (Lemnaceae Martinov), including the genus Lemna L., is a typical floating aquatic perennial plant, and about five genera and 40 species in the family are in wide distribution around the world except the polar regions. The genus Lemna is the smallest and the simplest plant among the angiosperms. It has a characteristic of doubling every three days with fast vegetative propagation, which helps the organisms to increase in rapid growth. As such, the plant is ideal for environmental pollution assessment and toxicity test. Although taxonomists and scholars have used different scientific names for the species, many of them have agreed that there is only one member of species of the genus Lemna in Korea. Paying attention to the external morphological variation observed in the Korean genus Lemna, we conducted a molecular phylogenetic analysis to identify the entity of the Korean Lemna species and to investigate the possibility of two or more members of the species existing in Korea. We determined and aligned the DNA sequences of the atpF-H region of the chloroplast DNA in 37 populations of the nationally distributed Lemna species. The results showed that the sequence length of the cp DNA atpF-H region was 463-483 bp, the length of the aligned sequences was 488 bp, and the number of variation site in nucleotide sequences was 47. There were two types of aligned sequences of the cp DNA atpF-H region from 37 populations of Lemna species in Korea. The maximum parsimony analysis revealed that the Korean Lemna consists of two clades, and one of them had two subclades. The results suggest that, contrary to the general understanding, at least two taxa (L.aequinoctialis, L.minor) exist in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.349-358
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• 2014

This study was conducted to determine the impact of elevated temperature in growing season on the growth and fruit quality of red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) by cultivating pepper in the temperature gradient tunnels. Plant height, stem diameter, leaf number and total leaf area, fresh weight and dry weight increased at ambient $+2^{\circ}C$ temperature, whereas each leaf area decreased as temperature increased. The plants grown under ambient $+2^{\circ}C$ temperature showed the greatest number of flower and fruit. Fruit weight, fruit length and fruit diameter decreased as the temperature increasing gradually. Total fruit number, total fruit weight and total dry fruit weight was the highest at ambient $+2^{\circ}C$ temperature. Major free sugars of red pepper fruit were fructose and glucose. Free sugar content of red pepper according to the differences in harvesting times and in growth temperature showed a little differences. The yield of red pepper fruit at ambient $+2^{\circ}C$ temperature increased by 13% compared with the control. However, the yield of red pepper fruit at ambient $+4^{\circ}C$ temperature decreased by 20% as compared to control. Non-marketable fruits (diseased fruit, malformed fruit and small sized fruit) increased as the temperature rised.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1999

To find out the way to be able to prolong the grazing years of mixed pasture under Cheju summer-hot weather, an experiment designed with split plot (main plot : 3 cutting-plant height such as 15cm, 30cm and 45cm and sub plot : 4 white clover varieties such as Regal, Tahora, Brown and SRVR) was carried out at Cheju Agricultural Experiment Station during the period from Sept. 1994 to Oct. 1996 Dry matter yield in 15cm plant height in cutting dates has shown significantly lower increase than those in 30 and 45cm(P<0.05). There was highiy significant increase in dry matter yield of Brown plot when compared with other varieties of white clover in 2nd year(P<0.01). There was no difference on botanical composition of mixed sward as affected by plant height in cuttings dates in 2nd year. The percentage of white clover tends to lower in white clover varieties Brown and SRVR when compared with Regal and Tahora. The rate of weed was not affected by plant height in cutting dates and white clover variety in mixed pasture at last cutting time of 2nd year. In 15cm plant height, concentration of ADE and NDF was the lowest one while P contents was the highest one(P<0.01). Potassium contents was the lowest one in 30cm plant cutting height(P<0.05), and nitrogen showed statistically interaction between plant cutting height and white clover variety(P<0.01). White clover variety was no effective on concentration of constituents in mixed pastures. In conclusion, white clover variety SRVR harvested at 15cm plant height is effective on nutrient value of pasture and balance of grass and white clover in botanical composition.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.68-78
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• 1997

Laboratory and greenhouse studies were conducted to determine differential sensitivities on absorption of $^{14}$ C-oxyfluorfen and the anatomical responses in wheat and barley to protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibiting herbicides [oxyfluorfen (2-chloro-1- (3-ethoxy -nitrophen-oxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl) benzene, acifluorfen(5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl) phenoxy]-2-nitro-benzoic acid), bifenox(methyl-5-(2, 4-dichlorophenoxy)-2-nitrobenzoate) and oxadiazon(5-tert-butyl-3-(2, 4-dichloro-5-isopropoxyphenyl)-1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-one)]. I$_{50}$ value of the tolerant wheat cultivars to oxyfluorfen was about 10$^{-4}$ , whereas that of the susceptible barley cultivars was about 10$^{-6}$ M, showing significant difference between the two groups. When foliage were applied with acifluorfen, bifenox or oxadiazon, the oxyfluorfen-tolerant wheat showed less decreased in shoot fresh weight and chlorophyll content than the susceptible barley. Also, when soil-applied with these herbicides test plants showed similar tendency in foliar application. Electrolyte leakage from the tissue treated with these compounds was the more influenced in the barley than the wheat. Malondialdehyde(MDA) production as index of lipid peroxidation was greater in the barley than the wheat by treatment of these compounds. Therefore, the differential sensitivities of wheat and barley to protoporphyrinogen oxidaseinhibiting herbicides was showed by our greenhouse and in vitro experiment. The absorption rates of $^{14}$ C-oxyfluorfen were higher in the barley than the wheat. And this tendency was showed appararitly difference by increase of treatment durations. After the oxfluorfen and oxadiazon treatment, the tolerant wheat did not show the structural damage in leaf surface, but the susceptible barley was damaged in the leaf waxy layer. However, the acifluorfen and bifenox treatment showed no difference between wheat and barley. The anatomical changes by these compounds treatment were not observed in the tolerant wheat but epidermal cell and mesophyll cell were highly broken in the susceptible barley.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.73-82
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• 2008

The resource plants of the Mt. Geonji was listed 354 taxa; 92 families, 242 genera, 303 species, 48 varieties and 3 forms. 354 taxa listed consists of 205 taxa of edible plants(57.1%),234 taxa of medicinal plants(65.2%), 167 taxa of ornamental plants(46.5%) and 218 taxa of the others(60.7%). Specific plant species by floral region were total 22 taxa; Trapella sinensis var. antennifera in class IV, Iris ensata var. spontanea in Class II, 16 taxa(Salix glandulosa, Alnus hirsuta, Chrysosplenium flagelliferum, Mallotus japonicus, Ilex macropoda, Grewia biloba var. parviflora, Vaccinium oldhami, Lysimachia barystachys, Fraxinus mandshurica, etc.) in class I. The naturalized plants in this site were 12 families, 23 genera, 28 species, 2 varieties, 30 taxa(Bromus unioloides, Phytolacca americana, Oenothera erythrosepala, Ipomoea hederacea var. hederacea, Aster pilosus, Erechtites hieracifolia) and naturalization rate was 8.5% of all 354 taxa vascular plants. Wild plants disturbing ecosystem like Solanum carolinense and Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior have been increasing. So, it needs continuing control and conservation measures on the plant ecosystem.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.81 no.2
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• pp.164-176
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• 1992

This study was conducted to determine the toxic effects of air pollutants on landscaping trees, Pinus densiflora, Pinus koraierasis, Ginkgo biloba, Liriodeytdron tulipifera, Platanus occidentalis and their resistance to the pollutant toxicity in urban and industrial regions of Seoul and Taejon, Korea. Total sulfur content and superoxide dismutase activity were analysed in tree foliage of Pinus densiflora, Pinzes koraiensis, Ginkgo biloba, Liriodendron tulipifera, Platanus occidentalis. In addition, SOD activity was analyzed in the foliage of tree seedlings, i.e. Pinus densijlora, Pinus koraiensis, Ginkgo biloba, Liriodendron tulipifera, with the lurnigation of $SO_2$ in gas chamber 4 hours a day for six days. In all species total sulfur content and SOD activity had a positive correlation. Air pollutants accumulated in tree tissues were supposed to enhance the enzyme activity like SOD providing with the resistance mechanisms. Trees under the air pollution stress increased enzyme activity to develop internal self-resistance against pollutants, but after a critical point enzyme-activity decreased gradually and resulting in injury after all, Deciduous trees had greater filtration capacity than conifers and coniferous trees showed greater resistance against air pollutants than deciduous species. Foliage SOD activity was higher in polluted area than in unpolluted area for most species. Coniferous species and mature trees had higher SOD activity than deciduous seedlings. Especially Pinus koraiensis, Ginkgo biloba and Plcatanus occidentalis had higher SOD activity than other species. The tree species with the high SOD activity showed strong resistance against air pollutants. In 2nd-year needles of Pinus densiflora seedlings and current and 2nd-year needles of Pinus koraiensis seedlings containing high native SOD activity, SOD activity increased with the increase of $SO_2$ level. But in seedlings containing low native SOD activity, SOD activity increased at 0.5ppm $SO_2$ level while it decreased at 1.5 and 2.5ppm $SO_2$. Changes of SOD activity was different between species and in most species SOD seemed to participate in resistance mechanism.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.106 no.4
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• pp.431-440
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• 2017

The 2016 Gyeongju Earthquake ($M_L$ 5.8) (occurred on September 12, 2016) and the 2017 Pohang Earthquake ($M_L$ 5.4) (occurred on November 15, 2017) caused unprecedented damages in South Korea. It is necessary to establish basic data related to earthquake-induced mountainous sediment-related disasters over worldwide. In this study, we analyzed previous international studies on the earthquake-induced mountainous sediment-related disasters, then classified research areas according to research themes using text-mining and co-word analysis in VOSviewer program, and finally examined spatio-temporal research trends by research area. The result showed that the related-researches have been rapidly increased since 2005, which seems to be affected by recent large-scale earthquakes occurred in China, Taiwan and Japan. In addition, the research area related to mountainous sediment-related disasters induced by earthquakes was classified into four subjects: (i) mechanisms of disaster occurrence; (ii) rainfall parameters controlling disaster occurrence; (iii) prediction of potential disaster area using aerial and satellite photographs; and (iv) disaster risk mapping through the modeling of disaster occurrence. These research areas are considered to have a strong correlation with each other. On the threshold year (i.e., 2012-2013), when cumulative number of research papers was reached 50% of total research papers published since 1987, proportions per unit year of all research areas should increase. Especially, the proportion of the research areas related to prediction of potential disaster area using aerial and satellite photographs is highly increased compared to other three research areas. These trends are responsible for the rapidly increasing research papers with study sites in China, and the research papers examined in Taiwan, Japan, and the United States have also contributed to increases in all research areas. The results are could be used as basic data to present future research direction related to mountainous sediment-related disasters induced by earthquakes in South Korea.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.spc1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2006

This study was conducted to establish the post-harvest management system in rice. Harvested hulled rice was gathered into large-scale bag and combine bag, in which the rice quality and the influence on quality change were investigated on various storage periods and moisture contents. Moisture content of hulled rice ranged from 23.7% to 28.8% on different harvest times, which grew lower as harvesting time was delayed. When desiccation was retarded hulled rice in large scale bag was changed in color and emitted an of offensive odor in 3 days and that in combine bag showed similar symptom in 4 days. Inner temperature in large scale bag was changed a lot when the storage period was prolonged and also the moisture content was higher while that in combine bag increased regularly corresponding to the moisture content at the time of harvest. Moisture content of hulled rice stored in large-scale bag increased 2 days after harvest and the more moisture content showed the more increased tendency, while in the case of combine bag the moisture content was not changed much whether the hulled rice contained low or high moisture content in harvesting. As desiccation was delayed fatty acid increased much more in large-scale bag than in combine bag even though protein and amylose contentwere not changed. As desiccation was delayed more and hulled rice contained moisture more in harvesting head rice ratio of brown rice decreased and green-kerneled rice and damaged grain ratio increased and quality of milled rice also became deteriorated. As a result, desiccation day to minimize the deterioration of rice quality was estimated 1-2 days in large scale bag and 2-3 days in combine bag after harvesting.