• Title/Summary/Keyword: 수출지수

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Export Prediction Using Separated Learning Method and Recommendation of Potential Export Countries (분리학습 모델을 이용한 수출액 예측 및 수출 유망국가 추천)

  • Jang, Yeongjin;Won, Jongkwan;Lee, Chaerok
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.28 no.1
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    • pp.69-88
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    • 2022
  • One of the characteristics of South Korea's economic structure is that it is highly dependent on exports. Thus, many businesses are closely related to the global economy and diplomatic situation. In addition, small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs) specialized in exporting are struggling due to the spread of COVID-19. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a model to forecast exports for next year to support SMEs' export strategy and decision making. Also, this study proposed a strategy to recommend promising export countries of each item based on the forecasting model. We analyzed important variables used in previous studies such as country-specific, item-specific, and macro-economic variables and collected those variables to train our prediction model. Next, through the exploratory data analysis(EDA) it was found that exports, which is a target variable, have a highly skewed distribution. To deal with this issue and improve predictive performance, we suggest a separated learning method. In a separated learning method, the whole dataset is divided into homogeneous subgroups and a prediction algorithm is applied to each group. Thus, characteristics of each group can be more precisely trained using different input variables and algorithms. In this study, we divided the dataset into five subgroups based on the exports to decrease skewness of the target variable. After the separation, we found that each group has different characteristics in countries and goods. For example, In Group 1, most of the exporting countries are developing countries and the majority of exporting goods are low value products such as glass and prints. On the other hand, major exporting countries of South Korea such as China, USA, and Vietnam are included in Group 4 and Group 5 and most exporting goods in these groups are high value products. Then we used LightGBM(LGBM) and Exponential Moving Average(EMA) for prediction. Considering the characteristics of each group, models were built using LGBM for Group 1 to 4 and EMA for Group 5. To evaluate the performance of the model, we compare different model structures and algorithms. As a result, it was found that the separated learning model had best performance compared to other models. After the model was built, we also provided variable importance of each group using SHAP-value to add explainability of our model. Based on the prediction model, we proposed a second-stage recommendation strategy for potential export countries. In the first phase, BCG matrix was used to find Star and Question Mark markets that are expected to grow rapidly. In the second phase, we calculated scores for each country and recommendations were made according to ranking. Using this recommendation framework, potential export countries were selected and information about those countries for each item was presented. There are several implications of this study. First of all, most of the preceding studies have conducted research on the specific situation or country. However, this study use various variables and develops a machine learning model for a wide range of countries and items. Second, as to our knowledge, it is the first attempt to adopt a separated learning method for exports prediction. By separating the dataset into 5 homogeneous subgroups, we could enhance the predictive performance of the model. Also, more detailed explanation of models by group is provided using SHAP values. Lastly, this study has several practical implications. There are some platforms which serve trade information including KOTRA, but most of them are based on past data. Therefore, it is not easy for companies to predict future trends. By utilizing the model and recommendation strategy in this research, trade related services in each platform can be improved so that companies including SMEs can fully utilize the service when making strategies and decisions for exports.

The Uneven Regional Developments of Global Production Networks in the ICT Parts and Components Industry (글로벌 생산 네트워크의 지역별 불균형 발전: ICT 부품·소재 산업을 중심으로)

  • Lee, Soh Eun;Kim, Jung-Ho
    • International Area Studies Review
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.205-229
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    • 2014
  • Global production networks (GPNs) emerged as multinational companies strategically relocated different stages of their value chain over many regions. Since GPNs require moving materials, parts, components and finished products across national borders multiple times, as well as coordinating it efficiently, they are intensified further within an integrated region. Within the region, developed countries which enjoy a comparative advantage in higher value-added tasks specialize in the production of ICT parts and components and exhibit high export RCA indices while developing countries show high import RCA indices. But, as developing countries upgrade technological capabilities and achieve industrial upgrading through participation in GPNs, their level of sophistication improves. East Asian countries have participated in GPNs to a greater degree when compared to countries in other regions because of a variety of factors. They have benefited much as shown by a significant increase in the level of ICT sophistication and export shares, which in turn led to uneven regional developments of GPNs in the ICT parts and components industry.

The pattern of trade between Myanmar and Korea, China and Japan (미얀마와 한·중·일의 무역패턴 분석)

  • Choi, Young Jun;Li, Jia En
    • International Area Studies Review
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.3-22
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    • 2016
  • This study analyzed the pattern of Myanmar's trade with east asia countries, Korea, China and Japan. By using RCA index and TSI index, the comparative advantage and trade specialization of Myanmar are analyzed. UN COMTRADE data from 2012 to 2014 is analyzed. After the economic sanction against Myanmar was lifted, the volume of trade of Myanmar was increased sharply as well as the trade structure is changed. The volume of trade in primary industry is decreased while the manufactured industry takes more share of trade volume. The comparative advantage of manufactured industries took more steps while those of primary industries lose. In the trade with Korea, China and Japan, Myanmar exports labor intensive products and primary goods. Trade relationship beteen Korea and Myanmar is analyzed to be primary step, while China's and Japan's are going to be advanced. China and Japan are entering to the stage of international value chain system by using abundant labor of Myanmar.

A Competitiveness Analysis on the Korean Precision Instrument Parts in the Chinese Market (한국 정밀기기부품의 중국시장 경쟁력 분석)

  • Choi, Hyuk-Jun
    • International Commerce and Information Review
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    • v.16 no.4
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    • pp.457-475
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    • 2014
  • The purpose of this study was to analyze market competitiveness of Korean precision instrument parts in the chinese market. Korea-China trade has made rapid progress since establish diplomatic relations in 1992 and China become biggest trading partner of Korea in the present. For attaining the purpose of study, we collected related statistical data and used market comparative advantage index. From this analysis, following results were found. There are no items have competitiveness in the chinese market until the present time. However, item code 26041, 26034, 26022 are bound to be secure competitiveness in the chinese market in the near future and item code 26022 will emerge especially strategic item in the chinese market.

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The Geopolitical and Geoeconomic Implications of Sum of Light on A Border Region: A case study of Dandong, China (접경지역 빛합계 지수의 지정학·지경학적 함의: 중국 단둥시를 사례로)

  • Kim, Minho;Chi, Sang-Hyun;Chung, Su-Yeul;Lee, Sung-Cheol
    • Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.369-387
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    • 2017
  • This research derived sum of light (SOL) for Liaoning and Dandong, China, from DMSP OLS satellite images acquired at nighttime during 1992 to 2012 and investigated its potential association with economic status. The SOLs of Liaoning were found to be continuously increasing and higher than those of averages for the other provinces across the time period. The temporal pattern of SOLs would be interpreted to well reflect the economic status of this region based on real growth rate and average wage per capita. Nevertheless, the SOLs of Dandong were lower than the average of the other prefecture-level cities, which indicated the economic status of this city in China. Meanwhile, the average annual growth rate of SOLs for Dandong turned out to be increase for 1998~2007, compared with the previous years, and temporal patterns in the trade amount between North Korea and China and the export amount of North Korea to China were similar to those of SOLs in the same time period. The political association between South and North Koreas was improved with 'Sunshine Policy' during 1997~2007. Taking it into account, SOL is expected to be valuable spatial proxy index that could explain the geopolitcal and geoeconomic aspects of Dandong.

The Impact of Exchange Rate and Exchange rate Volatility on Stock Returns (환율과 환율변동성이 주식수익률에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Sa-Young
    • International Area Studies Review
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.181-200
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    • 2017
  • This study investigates the impact of exchange rate and exchange rate volatility on the stock prices of eight industries from 2006 to 2015. The first and second exchange rate exposure of these eight industries is estimated with respect to four different exchange rates, namely the US dollar, Japanese yen, European currency unit, and British pound. In exchange rate exposure, stock prices in foods-beverages, paper-wood, electricity-gas, and banks industries are negatively related to exchange rate, whereas stock prices in electrical-electronic equp. and transport-equp. industries are positively related to exchange rate as expected. However stock price in machinery industry is negatively related to exchange rate, which is opposite to the expectation. Negative relationship is found between stock price in chemicals industry and exchange rate. In exchange rate volatility exposure, stock price in paper-wood industry is found to be negatively related to exchange rate volatility. Stock price in banks industry is also negatively related to exchange rate volatility. This result is opposite as expected, because banks are supposed to get more revenue by issuing derivatives related to foreign exchange when exchange rate volatility increases.

TVBVAR모형(模型)을 이용한 삼저효과(三低效果)의 분석(分析)

  • Park, U-Gyu
    • KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.3-26
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    • 1987
  • 본연구(本硏究)의 목적(目的)은 과거 2년간 삼저현상(三低現象)이 실질국민총생산(實質國民總生産), 수출(輸出), 수입(輸入)(유류도입액(油類導入額) 제외) 및 도매물가지수(都賣物價指數)에 미친 영향을 분석(分析)하는 데 있다. 분석(分析)에 있어서는 'Lucas의 비평(批評)'에 위배되지 않도록 하기 위하여 모형(模型)의 계수(係數)가 시간이 흐름에 따라 변화(變化)할 수 있도록 허용한 BVAR모형(模型)을 작성(作成)하여 사용하였다. 이에 따라 삼저효과(三低效果)를 국제금리(國際金利), 원유가격(原油價格), 달러화가치(貨價値) 등의 변동(變動)으로서의 순수한 가격효과(價格效果)와 이들 가격변동(價格變動)으로 야기(惹起)된 경제행위주체(經濟行爲主體)의 행동변화(行動變化)를 반영(反映)하는 경제구조변화효과(經濟構造變化效果)로 양분(兩分)하여 계산하였다. 분석결과(分析結果)에 의하면 구조변화효과(構造變化效果)가 가격효과(價格效果)에 못지않게 상당히 큰 것으로 계산되어, 대외여건(對外與件)의 급변(急變)에 대한 경제행위주체(經濟行爲主體)의 대응노력(對應努力)이 매우 중요했던 것으로 나타났다. 이는 어떠한 축약형모형(縮約型模型)을 사용하여 정책(政策)의 급선회(急旋回) 혹은 대외여건(對外與件)의 급변(急變)과 같은 시뮬레이션을 할 때에는 그 결과(結果)가 매우 부정확할 수도 있다는 것을 의미(意味)한다.

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Determinants of Intra-Industry Trade in Man-Made Fibers (인조섬유 산업에 있어서의 산업내 무역의 결정요인)

  • 전양진
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.46-57
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    • 1997
  • 본 연구의 목적은 두가지 인조섬유 산업, 즉 합성섬유 산업(SITC 266)과 재생섬유 산업(SITC 267)에 있어서, 산업내 무역의 결정요인을 조사하는데 있다. 20개의 주요 인조섬유 수출 국가들을 대상으로 1977, 1982, 1987년의 세 시기에 거힉 자료가 수집되었다. 국제무역 유형을 알아보기 위해 산업내 무역 모델이 사용되었고 종속 변인으로 Grubel-Lloyd지수가 사용되었다. 산업내 무역 을 결정하는 독립변인으로는 국가특성 변인, 국가간 변인, 산업특성 변인의 세 종류가 쓰였다. 국가 특성 변인에는 시장규모, 일인당 소득, 자본-노동 비율 변인들이 사용되었고, 국가간 변인으로는 국가간 거리, 인접국경, 공통언어, 동일 경제블럭 변인들이 사용되었다. 산업특성 변인에는 규모의 경제와 제품차별성 변인들이 쓰였다. 자료의 분석을 위해서는 비선형자승 방법이 이용되었다. 본 연구의 결과, 일인당 소득과 자본-노동의 비율 변인들은 인조섬유의 산업내 무역에 중요하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 그러나, 시장규모, 국가간 거리, 인접국경, 규모의 경제, 제품차별성 변인들은 모든 시기에 걸켜 산업내 무역에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 공통언어 사용과 동일 경제블럭 변인들도 대부분의 시기에 인조섬유의 산업내 무역에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

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An Analysis on the Heightening of Capability to Cope with Depression through Informatization (정보화를 통한 중소기업의 경기변동 대응력 제고)

  • Hwang, Soon-Hwan
    • 한국IT서비스학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2003.11a
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    • pp.309-315
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    • 2003
  • 최근 경기침체에 다른 여파로 중소기업의 경기동향은 나날이 악화되고 있는 추세이다. 소비심리 위축과 수출 여건 악화로 부도율이 높아지고, 향후 경기전망도 불투명해 기업경영에 이 중고를 겪고 있다. 그러나 전반적으로 중소기업의 경기동향이 좋지 않은 상황에서 정보화 수준에 따라 업종별로 가동률, 생산지수를 비교한 결과 정보화 수준이 높은 업종이 여타 업종에 비해 상대적으로 경기침체의 영향을 적게 받은 것으로 나타났다. 실제로 정보화 수준이 중소기업의 경영성과에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 알아보기 위해 3가지 실증분석 모형을 통해 분석해본 결과, 1인당 매출액, 총매출액, 개인업무개선, 기업업무개선, 조직의 유연성, 대외환경 적응력 등 기업 내외부 전반에 걸쳐 유의적으로 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 정보화 수준 향상이 기업 경쟁력에 미치는 효과가 크므로 생산성 향상을 통해 경기침체기를 극복하기 위해서라도 경기 호황기는 물론 불황기에도 정보화 투자에 소홀히 하면 안된다는 것을 보여준다.

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Environmental Regulations and Korean Trades (환경규제와 한국의 무역)

  • Kim, Il Chung;Choi, Mun Seong
    • Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.785-815
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    • 2013
  • This paper analyzes the three issues related to the effect of environmental regulations on the Korean trades with gravity equation model: the effect on the Korean exports, the bilateral trade flows between the Korea and the trade partners, and the Korean international competitiveness. For all three issues we carried the empirical tests with fixed effect estimation methods for total industries, non-pollution industries, pollution industries, and also 16 individual pollution industries. We use industry panel data for the 120 largest trading countries with Korea for the years 2000-2010. The Environmental Performance Index (EPI) is used as the proxy variable for the environmental regulation. The empirical result shows that while GDPs of both Korea and its trading partners are very important factors affecting positively the Korean trades for all industries, the environmental regulation of the importing country would be a definite trade barrier to the Korean pollution industries, but not a definite one for the non-pollution industries. In addition, the stricter environmental regulations of Korea's trade partners would weaken the Korean international competitiveness of Korean pollution industries. In this regard, the Porter Hypothesis would have not appeared in the Korean trades of pollution industries during the period observed in this study.