• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.126-130
• /
• 2023

In response to environmental demands, pyrolysis is one of the practical methods for obtaining reusable oils from waste plastics. However, the waste plastic pyrolysis oils (WPPO) are consumed as low-grade fuel oil due to their impurities. Thus, this study focused on the upgrading method to obtain naphtha catalytic cracking feedstocks from WPPO by the hydroprocessing, including hydrotreating and hydrocracking reaction. Especially, various transition metal sulfides supported catalysts were investigated as hydrotreating and hydrocracking catalysts. The catalytic performance was evaluated with a 250 ml-batch reactor at 370~400 ℃ and 6.0 MPa H₂. Sulfur-, nitrogen-, and chlorine-compounds in WPPO were well eliminated with nickel-molybdenum/alumina catalysts. The NiMo/ZSM-5 catalyst has the highest naphtha yield.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Resources Recycling Conference
• /
• 2006.09a
• /
• pp.39-54
• /
• 2006

An experimental study on the hydro-cracking of recycling oil obtained from refused plastics was performed for up-grading of its fuel characteristics. Major experimental parameters were reaction temperature ($300^{\circ}C{\sim}700^{\circ}C$) and presence of catalysts (Al-Si, activated carbon, zeolite). The effect of the experimental parameters on the liquid product characteristics such as flash point, kinetic viscosity, and solid content was investigated. The hydro-cracking reactions of the recycling oil at $300^{\circ}C{\sim}400^{\circ}C$ improved the oil characteristics of the liquid products. Activated carbon was revealed as a stable and active catalyst in the hydro-cracking reaction at a temperature range investigated.

• Clean Technology
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.56-61
• /
• 2011

In this study, hydrocarcking of vacuum residue was carried out in an autoclave reactor at $450^{\circ}C$ and $500^{\circ}C$ with a commercial catalyst (HDM) and the quantitative product distributions were analyzed by GC-SIMDIS method or simple distillation. During catalytic hydrocracking, thermal cracking also occurred together with catalytic cracking and the higher conversion and selectivity of gasoline and naphtha were obtained at high reaction temperature. GC-SIMDIS and simple distillation revealed different results for the analysis of products produced at different hydrocracking temperatures; almost same results were obtained for the product produced at $500^{\circ}C$ but different ones for the product produced at $450^{\circ}C$. In the analysis of product produced at $450^{\circ}C$, the GC-SIMDIS showed that a main product was VGO while a main product in the simple distillation was diesel, which implies that the simple distillation for the $450^{\circ}C$ reaction was not accurate due to thermal cracking of the product by the simple distillation.

• Korea lubricating oil industries association bulletin
• /
• no.93
• /
• pp.34-43
• /
• 1999

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
• /
• 2010.11a
• /
• pp.793-794
• /
• 2010

Fischer-Tropsch(F-T) reaction, in which syngas($H_2+CO$) is transformed into liquid fuels, has attracted much attention recently due to the limited reservoir of petroleum. The formed F-T wax can be converted into various liquid fuels, such as gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, lubricants, etc., through the hydrocracking reaction. To carry out the hydrocracking reaction, the bifunctional catalyst is required, in which hydrogenation/dehydrogenation occurs over metal and cracking proceeds over solid acid sites. In this contribution, we review the reported hydrocracking catalysts and summarize some process variables (feed compositions, reaction temperature and reaction pressure) for each catalyst.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
• /
• 1992.10a
• /
• pp.17-20
• /
• 1992

• Journal of Energy Engineering
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.58-63
• /
• 2007

In recent years, the technologies for the production of synthetic fuel from natural gas have been attracting considerable interest because of high oil prices. While oil prices remaining high, GTL (Gas-to-Liquids) technology would provide an attractive option for utilizing gas resources. Furthermore, GTL fuels contain almost zero sulfur and low aromatics and have a very high cetane so that they are estimated to be environmentally friendly diesel fuels able of meeting the advanced fuel specifications of the 21st century. GTL process generally consists of three primary steps: synthesis gas production from natural gas reforming, hydrocarbon production from synthesis gas by Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthesis, product upgrading by hydrocracking/hydroisomerization. This paper presents a brief summary of GTL technology and worldwide development trend about it focusing on the reforming of natural gas and the F-T synthesis.

• Korea lubricating oil industries association bulletin
• /
• no.79
• /
• pp.13-37
• /
• 1996

VHVI 수첨분해 기유는 자동차와 산업분야에서 시장을 형성하고 있다. VHVI 기유에 대한 응용분야로 큰 시장으로서 산업용 초 고점도지수 유압작동유로의 응용분야가 있긴 하지만 본고에서는 모터오일에 집중하여 설명하였다. 고점도지수 유압작동유는 현재 전통적인 파라핀계 기유에 점도지수 향상제로서 배합, 제조되고 있다. BP사와 Shell사는 윤활유 시장에 VHVI를 배합하여 제조된 이런 유형의 제품을 시판하고 있다. 이런 경우에 초 고점도지수 윤활기유의 사용으로 한가지 잇점을 찾을 수 있다. 생산 원가에 있어서의 제한된 상승에 기인하여 마찰안정도를 향상시키기 위한 점도지수 향상제의 사용에 있어서의 한계가 있다는 점이다. 과연 정말로 Union-Fuchs사는 이런 형태의 응용목적을 위한 분야의 대부분의 그들의 제품에 이러한 VHVI기유를 사용하고 있다. VHVI기유의 다른 분야로의 응용은 기술적으로 관심은 있으나 그 시장점유율이 매우 낮다. VHVI기유의 주된 생산자인 Shell사와 BP사는 최근 경쟁 윤활유 제조사에 이 VHVI기유를 제공, 공급하고 있다. 이것은 확립된 합성유 시장에 대한 도전이 될것으로 사료되며 도전이 되어야 한다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.57 no.2
• /
• pp.244-252
• /
• 2019

This study investigated the effect of addition of aromatics such as Toluene/LCO/resin on the coke depression and asphaltene conversion. The experiment was carried out with vacuum residue as a feedstock with Molybdenum dispersed catalysts under the slurry-phase hydrocracking condition (Temp. of $425^{\circ}C$, $H_2$ pressure of 80 bar at $80^{\circ}C$, reaction time of 4 hr, Mo-concentration of 500 ppm). As results, the coke reduction was shown to be similar irrespective of types of aromatics, while asphaltene was more converted to gas and maltene when LCO and resin with higher dipole moment were added. The addition of aromatics with change of reaction time showed no difference in terms of depression of coke formation. But the addition of LCO rather increased the coke yield after 2 hr. And it was found that asphaltene in liquid phase had the higher aromaticity index so that asphaltene is difficult to disperse in oil phase.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.289-295
• /
• 2011

Recently, the number of customers who want natural cosmetics without petroleum originated cosmetic ingredients is increasing over the world, however, there are few natural cosmetics that claim functionality in the products. Because there are few functional cosmetic ingredients from nature and though so, it is very difficult to stabilize the final products manufactured by using those functional cosmetic ingredients in the long period. This study is on stabilization of oleanolic acid, insoluble anti-wrinkle cosmetic ingredients from nature, with hydrogenated lecithin in the solubilization product, aiming for developing a formulation of solubilization products which can be certified as organic cosmetics. In case of other synthetic solubilizers, they showed unstability at $45^{\circ}C$ within 2 ~ 3 days, however, for natural origin hydrogenated lecithin a stable product was made without particle size change during 4 weeks. The stability of oleanolic acid in the solubilization product was measured for 24 weeks at $25^{\circ}C$ and $40^{\circ}C$, both samples showed over 90 wt% value of the initial one, which can prove that oleanolic acid was stabilized in the product without any degradation. Also through clinical tests, the effect of moisturizing, anti-wrinkle, safety were confirmed.