• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.293-303
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• 2000

앵글씨 분류에 따른 최대개구시 하악의 수직 변위에 대한 차이를 확인하고, 수직 하악운동에 영향을 주는 골격요소를 확인하기 위하여, 측두하악관절 및 저작계 이상에 대한 증상 및 병력이 없으며 발치 및 교정치료의 경험이 없는 광주지역 대학에 재학중인 학생들을 대상으로, 앵글씨 구치부 관계에 근거하여 1급군(남:30명, 여:49명), 2급군(남:18명, 여:24명)과 3급군(남:18명, 여:33명)으로 분류하여 총 172명(연령 범주:20-30세)의 학생을 선택하였다. 전남대학교 병원 구강내과에서 사용하는 계측용자를 이용하여 최대 개구시 상하악 중절치 절단면간의 거리를 측정하였다. 대상자들의 진단모형을 만들어 상하악궁 길이와 폭경를 측정하였다. 대상자들에 대한 두부 규격방사선 사진을 촬영, 작도하고 방사선학적 지표를 계측, 비교분석하였다. 앵글씨 분류 1급군, 2급군 그리고 3급군 절치간 최대개구량은 3급군이 가장 컸으며 모든 군에서 남자가 여자보다 컸다. 구치간 최대개구량은 앵글씨 분류 1급군, 2급군 그리고 3급군에서 각 군간의 유의한 차이는 없었으나, 모든 군에서 남자가 더 컸다. 앵글씨 분류 1급군과 2급군의 하악운동에서 총 하악골 길이, 하악지 길이, 하악 하연부 길이 그리고 상악궁 폭경이 변수로 나타났으며, 상하악궁 길이와는 역상관관계를 나타내었다. 앵글씨 분류 3급군의 하악운동에서 상하악궁 길이와 안면 부길이가 1급군과 2급군과는 다른 중요한 변수로 나타났으며, 상악궁의 폭경과는 역상관관계를 나타내었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 앵글씨 분류 각 군에서 하악개구운동은 안면 골격구조의 영향을 받으며, 각 군간에 영향을 주는 안면 골격 요소들은 차이가 있었다. 따라서 이러한 골격적 요소들은 개구량 개선을 위한 진단과 치료시 고려되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.33 no.6 s.101
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• pp.407-418
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to analyze dentoalveolar compensation in normal occlusion samples previously classified into 9 skeletal types, and to provide clinically applicable diagnostic criteria for individual malocclusion patients. Cephalometric measurements of the 294 normal occlusion samples previously divided into 9 types were analyzed. The descriptive features of dentoalveolar variables were compared for the 9 types using analysis of variance, followed by post hoc multiple comparisons. In addition, the correlation between skeletal and dentoalveolar variables were analyzed. Discriminant analysis with a stepwise entry of variables was designed to find out several potential variables for use in skeletal typing. The dentoalveolar compensation pattern of the skeletal types varied, especially with regards to the variables that indicated the inclination of incisors and the occlusal plane. Stepwise variable selection identified four variables: AB-MP, SN-AB, PMA and ANB. Discriminant analysis assigned a classification accuracy of $87.8\%$ to the predictive model. On the basis of these results, this study could provide rudimentary information for the development of diagnostic criteria and treatment guidelines for individual skeletal types.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.28 no.3 s.68
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• pp.461-477
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• 1998

To evaluate the relapse pattern and long-term stabilities depanding on surgical methods following orthognathic surgery of Cl III patients, the author selected 24 subjects(10 male, 14 female) operated by SSRO and 26 subjects(10 male,16 female) operated by IVRO. Each subject took four lateral cephalograms : just before surgery(T1), within 48hrs after surgery(T2), 4-8 wks after surgery(T3), 6 month or more after surgery(T4), and the landmarks were digitized. The differences of relapse patterns in each interval between two groups were compared and the significance of correlation among the variables of each group was tested. The obtained results are as follows ; 1. Horizontal early relapse was forward movement of mandible in SSRO group, as compared to the backward movement in IVRO group, and there was a statistical significance between the two groups. 2. Vertical early and late relapses were decreases in anterior facial height in both groups and there was no statistical significance between the two groups. 3. There was a statistical significance in negative correlation between mandibular horizontal late relapse and surgical change of articular angle in SSRO group. 4. There was a statistical significance in negative correlation between amount of mandibular set-back and mandibular horizontal early relapse in both groups.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.30 no.3 s.80
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• pp.297-306
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• 2000

Lateral cephalometric X-ray films in maximal intercuspation and maximal opening of 68 children were taken and analyzed to examine the pattern of condylar movement and to study the relationship between opening movement and morphologic factors of craniofacial skeleton. The results were as follows : 1. The mean value of maximal opening capacity was 47.1mm, condylar moving distance was 18.1mm, horizontal condyle movement was 17.5mm, vertical condyle movement was 3.8mm and condylar moving angle was $13.1^{\circ}$. 2. The maximal opening capacity had positive relationship with the length of anterior cranial base, mandible and maxillary complex and with posterior facial height and had negative relationship with articular angle, sagittal jaw relationship. 3. Vertical condyle movement and condylar moving angle had positive relationship with articular angle and had negative relationship with gonial angle. 4. Horizontal condyle movement and condylar moving distance had positive relationship with the length of maxillary complex.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.27 no.5 s.64
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• pp.723-732
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the variations of the soft tissue profile contour in relation to the skeletal patterns and to confirm the correlation of soft tissue angles to the sagittal or vertical skeletal elements. Lateral cephalograms of 79 cases which were older than 17 years in age, were traced and statistically analyzed. The obtained results were as follows : 1. Nasolabial, interlabial, lower lip, mentolabial, and symphyseal angles showed the significant differences between skeletal Class II and skeletal. Class III group, but nasofrontal, upper lip, mentolabial, and symphyseal angles showed the significant differences between high angle and low angle group. 2. ANB value showed the significant positive correlation to nasolabial, symphyseal, and interlabial angles and the significant negative relation to lower lip angle. 3. SN-GoMe value showed the significant positive correlation to mentolabial, symphyseal, nasofrontal, and upper lip angles. 4. Soft tissue profile contour in SK. Class II group showed greater accordance to SN-GoMe value than those in SK. Class III group.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.140-150
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• 2021

A total of 580 patients, who visited and received an orthodontic diagnosis in the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Seoul National University Dental Hospital from 2017 to 2019, were investigated in this study. The aim of this study was to evaluate skeletal patterns of pediatric orthodontic patients determined with lateral cephalometric analysis and to analyze the relationship between skeletal pattern and probable associated clinical features. Also, the modality of orthodontic treatment for each skeletal classification was investigated to aid in therapeutic decisions. Patients aged 7 year accounted for the largest age group; 54.2% of patients showed a skeletal class I pattern, 22.2% showed a skeletal class II pattern, and 23.6% showed a skeletal class III pattern. Bi-maxillary retrusion for skeletal class I, retruded mandible with normal positioning of the maxilla for skeletal class II, and retrusion of the maxilla with protrusion of the mandible for skeletal class III were the largest subgroups by skeletal pattern. Brachyfacial type accounted for 55.0% of patients, followed by 31.9% of mesofacial type and 13.1% of dolichofacial type. The prevalence of anterior crossbite in the study was 43.3%, higher than that in previous studies.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.136-143
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• 2015

Interest in orthodontic treatment has increased. Consequently, the percentage of the orthodontic treatment in pediatric dentistry has also increased. Given this background, the purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics and the trends of pediatric orthodontic patients of Chonnam National University Dental hospital. A total of 670 patients (349 male, 321 female) diagnosed with orthodontic problems during the period from January 1st, 2004 to December 31st, 2014, were analyzed. The number of pediatric orthodontic patients was high in January, February, July and August. When it comes to age, the percentage of the patients who were eighty-years old accounted for the largest age group with 19.6%, followed by seven-year, nine-year, ten-year, eleven-year, and six-year old age groups. Skeletal class 1 accounted for 48.1% of the total cases, followed by class 2 (28.7%) and class 3 (23.3%). Mesofacial type accounted for 65% of the total cases, followed by dolichofacial type (19.3%) and brachyfacial type (15.8%). The period of the first phase orthodontic treatment was steadily shortened from 30.4 months in 2004 to 11.5 months in 2013. The result of this study is expected to provide information of the pediatric orthodontic patients.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.26 no.2 s.55
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• pp.205-218
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• 1996

A given facial type can be considered as a syndrome in which various features are aggregated, so a single parameter is not sufficient to accurately identify a given facial type. This study was designed to identify & characterize the skeletal types that blend under the headline-'Cl III,deepbite'. Cephalograms of thirty-four untreated mixed dentition patients, selected mainly on the basis of clinical impression of Cl III with reduced lower face heights were studied. The following conclusion can be drawn. 1. Cl III malocclusion with reduced lower face height could be classified into three types. 2. Subtype 1 was identified by the following features : strong ramus, more anteriorly positioned upper molars without alveolar hypoplasia, acutely reduced Mn. plane angle. 3. Subtype 2 was characterized by a short ramus, sharply reduced postrior alveolar height, and normal Mn. plane angle. In general, this type had hypoplasia tendency in the vertical dimension. 4. In subtype 3, the AUFH occupying more percentage than ALFH was a outstanding feature. Ramal height was in normal range, alveolar hypoplasia and slightly reduced Mn. plane angle was observed. 5. The features of the subtypes were reflected in certain indices, which can be regarded as discriminative index. LAFH: if reduced, regardless of subtypes, indicates reduced lower ant. face height consistently. FHR: when this ratio is increased, it indicates subtype 1. FHI: when this ratio is in normal range, it indicates subtype 2. FPI: if reduced greatly, it indicates subtype 3.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.133-145
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• 2023

Class III malocclusion with mandibular protrusion can be divided into skeletal and pseudo malocclusion due to tooth displacement. For skeletal malocclusion, favorable treatment results can be obtained by establishing an appropriate vertical and horizontal intermaxillary relationship in order to secure a restoration space and obtain aesthetic and functional results. In this case, complete mouth rehabilitation was performed using an implant and a fixed prosthesis in a patient with mandibular protrusion and anterior teeth wear and reduced occlusal vertical dimension. After cast analysis and digital diagnosis, a provisional restoration with increased vertical dimension was fabricated to secure posterior support and evaluate stable centric occlusion. With the definitive prosthesis reflecting the provisional restoration, favorable function and aesthetics were obtained.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.209-219
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• 1997

This investigation was designed to analyze the degree of dental compensation according to horizontal components of craniofacial skeleton and to investigate correlation between dental compensation and craniofacial pattern in skeletal class III malocclusion. The material selected for this study consisted of standard lateral cephalogram of 59 subjects in normal occlusion group, 91 subjects in mild skeletal class III malocclusion group and 58 subjects in severe skeletal class III malocclusion group. The mild skeletal class III malocclusion group was divided into two groups, one was class III malocclusion without anterior crossbite group and the other was class III malocclusion with anterior crossbite group. The data were analyzed by Quick-ceph image program. The results were as follows. 1. Mild skeletal class III malocclusion without anterior crossbite group showed the most labial inclination of upper incisors, followed by severe skeletal class III malocclusion group and mild skeletal class III malocclusion with anterior crossbite group, the Latter showing the least. The amount of lingual inclination of lower incisors was the largest in severe skeletal class III malocclusion group, and there was no statistically significant difference between mild skeletal claw III malocclusion without anterior crossbite group and mild skeletal class III malocclusion with anterior crossbite group. 2. There were little differences in vertical skeletal structure between mild skeletal class III malocclusion without anterior crossbite group and mild skeletal class III malocclusion with anterior cwssbite group, they showed statistically significant differences in the upper incisors measurements. 3. The measurements of lower incisors in mild skeletal class III malocclusion without anterior crossbite group and upper incisors in mild skeletal class III malocclusion with anterior crossbite group represented a high correlation with skeletal structure. Especially, ∠IMPA and ∠FMIA of lower incisor measurements, and ∠U1-FH ∠U1-SN of upper incisor measurements showed high correlation with skeletal structure in each group. 4. ∠IMPA and ∠FMIA of lower incisor measurements showed high correlation with skeletal structure in all groups. ∠U1-FH, ∠U1-SN and U1-facial plane(mm) of upper incisor measurements represented higher correlation with skeletal structure than any other upper incisor measurements.