• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.83-89
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• 2005

To investigate the vegetation structure of mountain ridge from Bubong to Poamsan, 16plots$(400m^2)$ set up with random sampling method were surveyed. Two groups of Quercus mongolica-Pinus densiflora community, Quercus variabilis-Pinus densiflora-Quercus mongolica community were classified by cluster analysis. Quercus mongolica was a major woody plant species in the ridge area from Bubong to Poamsan, and Quercus variabilis and Pinus densiflora were partly occupied in lower elevations. High positive correlations were proved between Lespedeza maximowixcii and Pinus koraiensis, Fraxinus sieboldiana and Rhododendron mucronulatum, Acer mono and Weigela subsessilis, and relatively high negative correlations were proved between Symplocos chinensis for. pilosa and Fraxinus sieboldiana, Rhododendron mucronulatum. Species diversity(H') of investigated groups were ranged from $0.9066\~1.0821$, and it was relatively low value compared to that of mountain ridge area of other national parks.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.555-561
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the suitable place for growth by analyzing the ecological environment of multi-use tree species to be spontaneous in Chungbuk Province, and derive the suitable place for forestation. At the test of the independence of multi-use tree species, as the significant correlation of the other tree species except Quercus acutissima - Zanthoxylum schinifolium was different by the survey location, it is concluded that the share relation of the ecological niche among tree species is largely influenced not only by the affinity of tree species but the growth environment. As the result of the correlation analysis between environment factors and tree clusters, it was analyzed that tree clusters were much influenced by the topography and the altitude among the variable environment factors; the topography, altitude, the direction of hillside, the slope and the number of tree species appearing. It was investigated that the cluster of Acer mono - Betula costata was distributed to the valley from low hillside to have high altitude, and the clusters of Kalopanax pictus - Ulmus davidiana var. japonica and Fraxinus rhynchophylla - Rhus trichocarpa were sporadically distributed to broad location because their geographical adaptation powers are high.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.340-347
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• 2000

지리산국립공원의 쌍계사지의 불일폭포-성불재 계곡부(해발 600-1.1200m)의 해발고와 사면부위에 따른 교목층의 산림구조를 조사하기 위하여 해발고와 사면부위에 따라 42개 조사구를 설정하였다 교목상층의 밀도 평균흉고직경 흉고단면적의 범위는 각각 545-1,700본/ha 11.0-23.5cm, 19.1-27.8m2/ha 이었다 교목상층의 평균흉고직경과 흉고단면적 교목층 전체의 흉고단면적은 계곡중부에서 가장컸다 해발고가 높아짐에 따라 중요치가 증가하는 경향을 보이는 수종은 신갈나무 소나무 등이었으며 감소하는 수종은 굴참나무 졸참나무, 비목나무 등이었다 사면하부에서 상부로 갈수록 중요치가 증가하는 수종은 굴참나무 쇠물푸레 철쭉꽃 등이었으며 감소하는 수종은 노각나무 비목나무 느티나무 당단풍 때죽나무 등이었다 해발고와 사면부위가 높을수록 종수와 종다양도는 감소하였으며 해발고대별 종다양도는 0.626-1.320 의범위를 보였다 계곡정부를 제외한 해발고대간 유사도지수는 36.1-60.6% 사면부위간 유사도지수는 59.2-74.4% 로서 사면부위보다 해발고에 따른 종구성 상태의 차이가 심한 것으로 나타났다 수종별 중요치에 의한 Cluster 분석결과 계곡하부의에 위치한 서어나무-활엽수군집 계곡상부의 사면중 하부에 위치한 신갈나무-활엽수군집 계곡정부와 계곡상부의 사면상부에 위치한 신갈나무-소나무군집 등 4개 유형군집으로 구분되었다 종상관 분석결과 소나무 신갈나무 쇠물푸레 철쭉꽃 등 4개 수종간 비목나무 산뽕나무 생강나무 등 3개 수종간에는 유의적인 정의 상관이 있었다. 신갈나무, 쇠물푸레 철쭉꽃 등은 졸참나무와 소나무 쇠물푸레 등은 비목나무 서어나무와 유의적인 부의 상관이 있었다.증가에 따라 250 g/L까 지 증가하여 최대 51.0%의 수율과 0.63 g/L-h의 생산성을 나타내었다. 얻을 수 있었다. 따라서 이 방법이 일단 생산성 향상을 위한 세포의 고농도 배양에는 조사한 여러 배양 시스템 중에 가장 효율적인 시스템임올 알 수 있었다 하지만 이 시스템 에서 포도당을 낮은 level로 유지할 수 있었으나, 초산의 과도한 축적으로 항체 생산성의 향상은 예상에 비해 크지 않았다. 81%), C18 0(12.38%), C18: 1(25.93%), C22:6(9.95%)이며 결합지방질(結合脂肪質)은 C14 : 0(11.60%), C16 : 0(18.94%), C16: 1(10.42%). C18 : 1(10.89%), C22 : 6(23.44%)이었다. 총필수지방산(總必須脂肪酸) 함량(含量)은 극성지방질(極成脂肪質)$(20.14{\sim}31.12%)$이 비극성지방질(非極成脂肪質)$(6.97{\sim}11.13%)$보다 훨씬 높았고, 결합지방질(結合脂肪質)이 유리지방질(遊離脂肪質)보다 높았으며 부위별(部位別)로는 피부(皮部)$(15.18{\sim}15.41%)$가 육질부(肉質部)$(6.97{\sim}11.13%)$보다 높았다. 또${\omega}3$고도부포화지방산(高度不飽和脂肪酸) 함량(含量)은 육질부(肉質部)$(15.15{\sim}28.32%)$가 피부(皮部)$(6.77{\sim}18.18%)$나 내장부(內臟部)$(8.35{\sim}9.74%)$보다 높았으며, 육질부(肉質部)에서는 극성지방질(極成脂肪質)

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.287-295
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• 2001

계룡산국립공원 자연보존지구 천연림의 군집구조를 정확히 파악하여 앞으로의 식생관리에 있어서 기초자료를 마련하고자 34개 방형구(10m$\times$10m)를 설치하여 식생을 조사하였다. Cluster 분석 결과 조사대상지는 활엽수혼효림군집, 신갈나무-쪽동백나무군집 및 신갈나무-소나무군집으로 나뉘어졌다. 수종간의 상관관계에서는 신갈나무와 개옻나무; 까지박달나무와 층층나무; 쪽동백나무와 상수리나무; 비목나무와 느티나무, 고로쇠나무; 느티나무과 고로쇠나무, 참회나무; 쇠물푸레나무와 조록싸리, 노린재나무, 산딸기나무, 굴참나무 및 소나무; 고추나무와 상수리나무, 산뽕나무; 진달래와 개옻나무; 산철쭉과 굴참나무, 소나무, 상수리나무; 굴참나무와 소나무; 상수리나무와 병꽃나무; 고로쇠나무와 산뽕나무; 물푸레나무와 산뽕나무; 바위말발도리와 산뽕나무등의 종들간에는 정의 상관관계가 인정되었고, 신갈나무와 까지박달나무; 신갈나무와 층층나무; 노린재나무와 쪽동백나무등의 종들간에는 부의 상관관계가 인정되었다. 환경인자와 상관에서 쪽동백나무와 진달래는 해발고와 부의 상관이 인정되었으며, 사면의 방위와는 산딸기가 부의 상관이 인정되었다. 본 조사지의 종다양도는 1.4592~1.2917로 비교적 높은 편이었다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.86 no.2
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• pp.146-157
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• 1997

To investigate the structure and the conservation strategy of Korean native species, Abies koreana forest at Cheonwangbong-Deokpyungbong area in Chirisan National Park, 48 plots($10{\times}10m$) were set up with random sampling method. Three groups - Abies koreana community, Abies koreana-Quercus mongolica community, Picea jezoensis-Betula ermanii community - were classified by cluster analysis. High positive correlations were shown between Picea jezoensis and Sorbus commixta : Quercus mongodica and Fraxinus sieboldiana, Symplocos chinensis : Euonymus macroptera and Vaccinium koreanum, and high negative correlations were shown between Quereus mongolica and Sorbus commixta. Species diversity(H') of investigated area was calculated 0.7208-1.2074. Vigor of Abies koreana was depressed, 12.24 of total number of Abies koreana investigated were dead. DBH of dead individuals ranged mainly 10-30cm.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.155-163
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• 1994

To investigate the structure and the conservation strategy of natural forest at Paekryunsa-Hyangcho kpong area in Tokyusan, 21 plots (400$m^2$) set up with random sampling method. Four groups were classified by cluster analysis. High positive correlations was proved between Tripterygium regelii and Acer tschonoskii var. rubripes, Viburnum sargentii and Betula ermanii, Corylus heterophylla var. thunbergii and Stephanandra incisa, Betula costata and Cornus controversa, Acer mono and Tilia amurensis, Tilia amurensis and Kalopanax pictum, Lonicera maackii and Viburum sargentii, and Betula ermanii, Acer tschonoskii var. rubripes and Taxus cuspidata, and Viburnum sargentii, and High negative correlations was proved between Acer pseudo-sieboldianum and Viburnum sargentii, Tripterygium regelii and Stephanandra incisa, Acer tschonoskii var. rubripes, and Stephanandra incisa. Species diversity(H') of investigated area was calculated 0.9402~1.2473. Taxus cuspidata, Betula ermanii and Abies koreana at Hyangchokpong area in Tokyusan should be conserved.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.90 no.3
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• pp.380-387
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• 2001

The characteristics of ecological niche, breadth and overlap, for seventeen major tree species were evaluated in the natural deciduous forest in Mt. Chumbong area. Employed by the plot sampling method, the environmental gradient for vertical niche was based on the intensity of light within the forest, and that for horizontal niche was based on multi-dimensional resources in distribution pattern. The result showed that Fraxinus rhynchophylla had the highest value of vertical niche breadth and Maackia amurensis had the lowest, and Acer pseudo-sieboldianum had the highest value of horizontal niche breadth and Betula costata had the lowest. There was no significant correlation between both measures of niche breadth. However, the tolerance index for each species was positively correlated to the values of niche breadth. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients were applied to test the correlationship between the species ranks of tolerance index and those of two ecological niche breadths. The coefficient of $r_s=0.432$ ($P{\leq}0.1$) was not enough to support significant correlationship between the tolerance index and vertical niche breadth at the 95% probability. If Carpinus cordata, rarely reach canopy of the forest due to its own growth form, are excluded from the analysis, coefficient was calculated as $r_s=0.650$ ($P{\leq}0.01$), resulting in highly significant correlationship. The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was $r_s=0.797$ ($P{\leq}0.01$) for tolerance indices and the values of horizontal niche breadth, indicating highly significant. Four distinctive species groups, produced by cluster analysis on the basis of ecological niche overlap for each pair of species, were in considerable accord with the positively associated species constellation pattern created by the inter-species association analysis.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.135-142
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• 2009

To investigate the vegetation structure of mountain ridges ranging from Sebong to Gwaneumbong 23 plots($400m^2$) set up with random sampling method were surveyed. Two groups of Pinus densiflora community, Pinus densiflora-Quercus variabilis-Quercus serrata community were classified by cluster analysis. Pinus densiflora, Quercus variabilis, Quercus serrata, Carpinus laxiflora, and Quecus mongolica were found as a mostly dominant woody plant species in the ridge area from Sebong to Gwaneumbong. In the future, the importance percentage of Pinus densiflora might be decreased, but those of Quercus variabilis, Quercus serrata, Carpinus laxiflora, and Quecus mongolica might be increased. High positive correlations were proved between Quercus variabilis and Fraxinus sieboldiana, Acer palmatum and Ilex macropoda, Cornus kousa and Platycarya strobilacea, Sorbus alnifolia and Carpinus laxiflora, and relatively weak negative correlations were proved between Pinus densiflora and Carpinus laxiflora, Fraxinus sieboldiana and Carpinus laxiflor, Quecus mongolica and Sorbus alnifolia, Ilex macropoda and Sorbus alnifolia. Species diversity index(H') of investigated groups was ranged $0.665{\sim}1.169$.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.33-40
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• 2002

This research was to investigate the adsorption characteristics of charcoals of major Korean wood species (thinned trees) and wood-based materials. As carbonization time and temperature increased, methylene-blue adsorption (MBA) of charcoals of thinned trees and wood-based materials increased. Pinus koraiensis charcoal showed the highest MBA. MBA of softwoods was higher than that of hardwoods. There was a negative correlation between air-dried specific gravity before carbonization and MBA of carbonized thinned trees. The MBA of wood-based materials showed similar value, but wood-based materials in MBA was lower than thinned woods. Surface area and total pore volume of thinned trees and wood-based materials increased as carbonization temperature increased. The species showing highest MBA appeared to have the highest surface area at the carbonization temperature of 600℃ as well. There was a positive correlation between surface area, total pore volume and MBA of charcoals. The charcoal of wood-based materials generally exhibited micro pores.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.114-121
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• 2006

To investigate the vegetation structure of mountain ridge from Miwangjae to Cheonwhangbong, 11 plots($2000m^2$) set up with random sampling method were surveyed. Three groups of Quercus mongolica community, Quercus mongolica-Styrax japonica community, Q. mongolica-Pinus densiflora community were classified by cluster analysis. Quercus mongolica was a major woody plant species in the ridge area from Miwangjae to Cheonwhangbong, and Styrax japonica and Pinus densiflora was partly occupied. High positive correlations was proved between Prunus sargentii and Euonymus alatus for. ciliato-dentatus; Quercus serrata and Euonymus alatus; Sorbus alnifolia and Euonymus alatus, Magnolia sieboldii; Acer pseudo-sieboldianum and Euonymus alatus for. ciliato-dentatus; Rhododendron schlippenbachii and Euonymus alatus for. ciliato-dentatandus; Euonymus alatus and Lindera obtusiloba, Castanea crenata, Lindera erythrocarpa; Lespedeza bicolor and Rhododendron schlippenbachii; Castanea crenata and Magnolia sieboldii; Magnolia sieboldii and Lindera erythrocarpa, and relatively high negative correlations was proved between Rhododendron schlippenbachii and Euonymus alatus; Lespedeza bicolor and Castanea crenata; Stephanandra incisa and Magnolia sieboldii; Rhododendron yedoense var. poukhanense and Lindera erythrocarpa; Euonymus alatus for. ciliato-dentatus and Magnolia sieboldii; Fraxinus sieboldiana and Sapium japonicum; Prunus sargentii and Lespedeza maximowiczii; Lespedeza maximowiczii and Lindera erythrocarpa. Species diversity(H') of investigated groups was ranged $2.3225{\sim}2.7721$, and it was relatively low value compared to that of mountain ridge area of other national parks.