• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.155-160
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• 1997

Purpose : Tethered cord syndrome is characterized by progressive motor and sensory disturbances in lower extremities, foot deformities caused by a pathologic fixation of spinal cord resulting in excessive stretching of the spinal cord. It is also frequently associated with urological symptoms include urinary frequency, incontinence, enuresis, urgency and recurrent urinary tract infection. Because there is few report in the literature about urological manifestations of theterd cord syndrome, we conducted a retrospective study on the patients diagnosed as tethered cord syndrome to delineate the characteristics of urologic manifestations in tethered cord syndrome and to establish the policy to evaluate patients who is suspected of tethered cord syndrome. Method : A retrospective study was conducted by reviewing the medical records of nine patients who was diagnosed as tethered cord syndrome from November 1991 to July 1996 in Yeungnam University Hospital. Result : 1) The age distribution of nine patients was as follows; 5 patients were under 2 years, 1 case from 2 to 6 years and 3 cases from 6 to 10 years. 2) Of 9 patients 6 had voiding frequency, urinary incontinence, enuresis, urgency and loss of micturation sense. Radiologic urodynamic studies revealed neurogenic bladder in 5 patients, hydronephrosis and hydroureter in 3, vesicoureteral reflux in 3. 3) Of 6 patients with urological abnormal manifestations 4 underwent spinal cord surgery (detethering). In spite of surgical intervention, the urological manifestations improved in only one patient. Conclusion : Urological abnormalities were common in tethered cord syndrome. Abnormal laboratory findings including urodynamic study were found even before the onset of urological symptoms. We have to concern tethered cord syndrome as one of common causes of voiding frequency and enuresis and to evaluate urological abnormalities as thetered cord syndrome is diagnosed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.161-169
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• 1999

This paper describes the swimming and escaping behavior of amber fish, Seriola aureovittata released in the first bag net of the setnet and observed with telemetry techniques. The setnet used in experiment is composed of a leader, a fish court with a flying net and two bag nets having ramp net. The behavior of the fish attached an ultrasonic depth pinger of 50 KHz is observed using a prototype LBL fish tracking system. The 3-D underwater position ofthe fish is calculated by hyperbolic method with three channels of receiver and the depth of pinger. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The fish released on the sea surface was escaped down to 15 m depth and rised up to near the sea surface during 5 minutes after release. The average swimming speed of the fish during this time was 0.87 m/sec. 2. The swimming speed of the fish is decreased slowly in relation to the time elapsed and the fish showed some escaping behavior forward to the fish court staying 1 to 7 m depth layer near the ramp net. The average speed of the fish during this time was 0.52 m/sec. 3. During 25 minutes after beginning of hauling net, the fish showed a faster swimming speed than before hauling and an escaping behavior repeatedly from the first ramp net to the second one in horizontal. In vertical, the fish moved up and down between the sea surface and 20 m depth. After this time, the fish showed the escaping behavior forward to fish court after come back to the first ramp net in spite of the hauling was continued. It is found that the fish was escaped from the first ramp net to the fish court while the hauling was carried out. The average speed of the fish after beginning of hauling was 0.72 m/sec which increased 38.5 ％ than right before the hauling and showed 0.44 to 0.82 m/see of speed till escaping the first bag net. The average swimming speed during observation was 0.67 m/sec (2.2 times of body length).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.136-146
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• 1999

The telemetry system for the oxygen, pH, turbidity and the distribution ecology of fishes was constructed by the authors in order to product and manage effectively in shallow sea culture and setnets fisheries, and then the experiments for the telemetry system carried out at the culturing fishing ground in coast of Sanyang-Myon, Kyoungsangnam-Do and the set net fishing ground located Nungpo bay in Kojedo province respectively from October, 1997 to June 1998.As those results, the techniques suggested in the telemetry system for which find out the relationship between the physical and chemical environment in the sea and the distribution ecology of fishes gave full display its function, and its system could be operated as real time system. This research can also provide base-line data to develope a hybrid system unifying the marine environment information and the fisheries resources information in order to manage effectively coastal fishing ground.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 2007

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical usefulness of ultrasound examination of children performed by a pediatrician. Methods: One thousand children who presented with symptoms of a gastrointestinal disorder and underwent abdominal ultrasound evaluation in the Department of Pediatrics, between January 2003 and June 2006, were included in this study. We analyzed the patient's medical records and ultrasound results retrospectively. Results: Among the 1,000 patients, 58.4% were male and 41.6% were female. The mean age of the patients was $4.7{\pm}4.0$ years. The main reasons for ultrasound were abdominal pain (43.9%), vomiting (17.3%), elevated liver enzymes (11.8%), and jaundice (9.8%). Abnormal ultrasound findings were present in 57.9% of cases. The major abnormal findings were mesenteric lymphadenitis (29.2%), fatty liver (12.1%), hepatitis (6.4%), hepatosplenomegaly (6.2%), and acute appendicitis (4.8%). The time interval between the initial medical evaluation and the ultrasound evaluation was within 24 hours in most cases (78.5%). The main findings in children with abdominal pain were mesenteric lymphadenitis (32.6%), fatty liver (5.9%), intussusception (2.7%), and acute appendicitis (2.7%). The main findings in children with vomiting were mesenteric lymphadenitis (12.7%), hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (10.4%), and acute appendicitis (3.5%). The major ultrasound findings in children with urinary tract diseases were hydronephrosis (45.4%), urolithiasis (21.5%) and cystic renal disease (18.1%). Conclusion: Ultrasound examination played an important role as a non-invasive and prompt screening examination for detection of abdominal diseases. Ultrasound was an important tool for pediatricians to determine timely information for patient management.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.497-503
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• 1995

We evaluated diagnostic accuracy of diuretic renal scan with standardization in 45 childrens(107 hydronephrotic kidneys) with 91 diuretic assessments. Sensitivity was 100%, specificity was 78%, and accuracy was 84% in 49 hydronephrotic kidneys with standardization. Diuretic renal scan without standardization, sensitivity was 100%, specificity was 38%, and accuracy was 57 % in 58 hydronephrotic kidneys. The false-positive results were observed in 25 cases without standardization, and in 8 cases with standardization. In diuretic renal scans without standardization, the causes of false-positive results were 10 early injection of lasix before mixing of radioactivity in pelvocalyceal system, 4 full bladder, 2 markedly dilated pelvocalyceal systems postpyeloplsty, 6 extrarenal pelvis, and 3 immature kidneys of neonates. In diuretic renal scans with standardization the causes of false-positive results were 2 markedly dilated systems postpyeloplsty, 2 extrarenal pelvis, 1 immature kidney of neonate, and 2 severe venal dysfunction, 1 vesicoureteral reflux. In diuretic renal scan without standardization the false-positive results by inadequate study were common, but false-positive results by inadequate study were not found after standardization. The false-positive results by dilated pelvocalyceal systems postpyeloplsty, extrarenal pelvis, and immature kidneys of neonates were not dissolved after standardization. In conclusion, diagnostic accuracy of diuretic renal scan with standardization was useful in children with renal outflow tract obstruction by improving specificity significantly.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.896-904
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• 2010

HACCP is a scientific and systematic program that identifies specific hazards and gives measurements in order to control them and ensure the safety of foods. Transportation of livestock and its products is one of the vulnerable sectors regarding food safety in Korea, as meats are transported by truck in the form of a carcass or packaged meat in a box. HACCP application and its acceleration of distribution, in particular transportation, are regarded as important to providing consumers with ultimately safe livestock products. To achieve this goal, practical tools for HACCP application should be developed. Supply chain management (SCM) is a holistic and strategic approach to demand, operations, procurement, and logistics process management. SCM has been beneficially applied to several industries, notably in vehicle manufacture and the retail trade. HACCP-based real-time visibility system using wireless application (WAP) of the livestock distribution is centralized management system that enables control of temperature and HACCP management in real-time for livestock transportation. Therefore, the application of HACCP to livestock distribution (transportation, storage, and sale) can be activated. Using this system, HACCP management can be made easier, and distribution of safe livestock products can be achieved.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.165-173
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• 2010

A cloud detection method is introduced to improve the reliability of NOAA/AVHRR Sea Surface Temperature (SST) data processed during the daytime and nighttime in the TeraScan System. In daytime, the channels 2 and 4 are used to detect a cloud using the three tests, which are spatial uniformity tests of brightness temperature (infrared channel 4) and channel 2 albedo, and reflectivity threshold test for visible channel 2. Meanwhile, the nighttime cloud detection tests are performed by using the channels 3 and 4, because the channel 2 data are not available in nighttime. This process include the dual channel brightness temperature difference (ch3 - ch4) and infrared channel brightness temperature threshold tests. For a comparison of daytime and nighttime SST images, two data used here are obtained at 0:28 (UTC) and 21:00 (UTC) on May 13, 2009. 6 parameters was tested to understand the factors that affect a cloud masking in and around Korean Peninsula. In daytime, the thresholds for ch2_max cover a range 3 through 8, and ch4_delta and ch2_delta are fixed on 5 and 2, respectively. In nighttime, the threshold range of ch3_minus_ch4 is from -1 to 0, and ch4_delta and min_ch4_temp have the fixed thresholds with 3.5 and 0, respectively. It is acceptable that the resulted images represent a reliability of SST according to the change of cloud masking area by each level. In the future, the accuracy of SST will be verified, and an assimilation method for SST data should be tested for a reliability improvement considering an atmospheric characteristic of research area around Korean Peninsula.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.622-628
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• 2002

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to ascertain the clinical manifestations and associated cardiac anomalies of dextrocardia. Methods : Twenty-four pediatric patients, who were admitted to, or visited, Dongsan Medical Center Keimyung University and were diagnosed with dextrocardia between January 1996 and July 2001, were enrolled in this study. All patients received echocardiogram and abdominal ultrasonogram to identify structural cardiac anomalies and visceral position. Results : Among 24 patients, 7 cases were situs solitus(29.2%), 10 cases(41.6%) were situs inversus and 7 cases(29.2%) were situs ambiguous. Most were diagnosed within a week of life(87.5%). They were most commonly cyanotic(45.8%), but eleven cases(45.8%) had no specific symptoms or signs. Nineteen cases(79.2%) had accompanied cardiac anomalies, and pulmonary stenosis or atresia were the most common among them. All the cases of situs solitus and ambiguous had associated cardiac anomalies, but half of the situs inversus had that. Eleven cases were dead by cardiac or extracardiac anomalies during follow up and the mortality rate was higher in situs solitus or ambiguous group than situs inversus group. Conclusion : Dextrocardia accompanies different cardiac and extracardiac anomalies. It's very important to diagnose dextrocardia and associated cardiac or extracardiac anomalies in the early stages of life to improve prognosis.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.473-483
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• 2020

This paper proposes a tourism recommendation system in intelligent cloud environment using information of tourist behavior applied with perceived value. This proposed system applied tourist information and empirical analysis information that reflected the perceptual value of tourists in their behavior to the tourism recommendation system using wide and deep learning technology. This proposal system was applied to the tourism recommendation system by collecting and analyzing various tourist information that can be collected and analyzing the values that tourists were usually aware of and the intentions of people's behavior. It provides empirical information by analyzing and mapping the association of tourism information, perceived value and behavior to tourism platforms in various fields that have been used. In addition, the tourism recommendation system using wide and deep learning technology, which can achieve both memorization and generalization in one model by learning linear model components and neural only components together, and the method of pipeline operation was presented. As a result of applying wide and deep learning model, the recommendation system presented in this paper showed that the app subscription rate on the visiting page of the tourism-related app store increased by 3.9% compared to the control group, and the other 1% group applied a model using only the same variables and only the deep side of the neural network structure, resulting in a 1% increase in subscription rate compared to the model using only the deep side. In addition, by measuring the area (AUC) below the receiver operating characteristic curve for the dataset, offline AUC was also derived that the wide-and-deep learning model was somewhat higher, but more influential in online traffic.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.22-36
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• 2019

This research identified landscape characteristics of Chilitan(칠리탄) area, which had been managed by Son Giyang(1559~1617, p. Ohhan), in order to understand the political viewpoint and ideal landscapes, sought after by Confucian scholars in the 16~17th century. As the research method for the interpretation of each scene's spatial strucutres and meanings, paintings and poems in Chiltanjungsipyukgyeongdo(the Paintings of the 16 Scenes of Chiltanjung Area) were analyzed, which were followed by the on-site survey. Son lived hermit life with the nature after he decided to retire into the country for the chaotic political environment in the 4^th year of Gwanghaegun's reign. Admiring Eum Jareung(B.C. 39-41, p. Eumgwang)'s hermit life, he named a headstream to Chilitan, erected pavilion and made place for angling by the stream, as Eum did in the hermitage. However he worried the king and royal politics in spite of his hermit life, which showed his political viewpoint of Confucianism. In addition, every column of buildings in the garden was named in order to imply both thoughts of Neo-Confucianism and Idleness Naturalism, which highlight a moral training and being comfortable amid poverty and taking pleasure in and honest life style. The present landscape of wonlim could be back to 1936, where Unganru, Byeokripjae and Chiltanjung are surrounding Eupcheondang. Chines character, such as Jimamsuseok, Giam, Ohhansonsunseongjanggujiso and Jogi, are inscribed on the rocks in the landscape garden, from which placeness could be inferred. According to the record of the construction, pine, fir, paulownia, ginkgo, peach trees, bamboo and lotus were planted, and ginkgo, bamboo, crape myrtle, pine and chestnut tress are still living in the garden, which mean plants had been planted in the light of their practical values as well as symbolic meanings. The method for describing 16 scenes of Chiltanjung could be characterized to the structure of 「Place+Scene(a particural activity, event, or action), and these placeness could be analyzed by categorizing the scene to near, middle and far views. Each scene symbolically presents a hermit, noble man, Taoist ideology, homeland, or peacetime, which were adpoted to depict landscapes of Chiltanjung area as the Confucian utopia.