• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.3A
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• pp.277-286
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• 2010

Derrick or caterpillar crane is generally used for the long-span/cable-stayed bridge construction by pre-cast segment lifting from over-land or water transportation. The heavy weight of them, however, could make defects on unstable under-construction structure and, furthermore a method of conventional segment transportation is also able to occur additional time and cost. In this study, in order to improve conventional construction method, the newly developed derrick crane is mainly considered. It could be not only eccentrically loadable on constructing girder but having rotatable boom for segment transportation from back-side. A series of construction stage using developed derrick crane is defined and also its numerical analysis is conducted. To reflect load characteristics of developed derrick crane on construction stage analysis, on/out of service load is separately calculated by considering vertical/lateral rotation range of boom and it is loaded on 4 fixed positions of crane. The derrick crane on this study could be time and cost saving solution for cable-stayed bridge construction and also make contributions to construction load reduction in its process.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.147-153
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• 2008

Tractive forces by flowing water and ship generated waves are items that affect the stability of the low flow revetments among various external forces exerting on those revetments. Bank revetment stability by these external forces is analysed in this study. The study area is the section of the test construction area changing the artificial revetments to ecological revetments in Han river. Tractive forces are computed using the calculated flow velocity using RMA-2 model. The stability is analyzed comparing the calculated tractive forces with permissible tractive forces of the revetments in the study area. The calculated tractive forces at section number 93 is higher than permissible tractive forces in that section, so the section is estimated hydraulically unstable. The calculated tractive forces for the storm of 10th August 2007 are small compared to the permissible tractive forces in all sections. The sections are considered to be hydraulically stable, but have been eroded in some parts. The reason for the erosion is considered to have insufficient time for the plants taking root, and be exerted composite forces such as forces by ship generated waves. Ship generated waves by the excursion boats and small boats called river taxi was calculated. Wave forces by these calculated waves are computed and compared with the supporting forces of the revetment material. The external forces exerted by the ships in Han River on the revetments is very little compared with the permissible supporting forces of the revetments, so the revetments are estimated hydraulically stable. But considering the composite forces are exerted simultaneously, the stability consideration should include these composite forces.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.265-272
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• 2000

In this study, the brachial ganglion of Octopus minor was investigated with light microscope and electron microscope,andthefollowingresultswereobtained. The brachial ganglions of the octopus, round in shapes , are located under each of suckers. Their sizes are proportional to those of the suckers. A brachial ganglion of round shape consists of cortex and medulla. In cortex, nerve cells exist collectively while neuropiles in medulla. Three kinds of nerve cells (large, middle, and small neurons) are found in the cluster of nerve cells. The small one is a round cell of about $0.9{\mu}m$ in diameter while the middle and large ones are an elliptical cell of $1.6\times1.3{\mu}m$ and an ovoid cell of $2.8{\mu}m$ in diameter, respectively. All of those cells look light due to their low electron densities , in which cell organelle are not well developed. It was also observed that the middle neurons are surrounded by median electron-dense neuroglial cells of pyramidal shapes and about $0.6\times0.4{\mu}m$ in sizes. In the neuropiles of medulla, dendrites and axons of various sizes make a complex net. They contain four kinds of chemical synaptic vesicles-electron-dense synaptic vesicle of 100 nm in diameter, median electron-dense synaptic vesicle of 90 nm in diameter, electron-dense cored synaptic vesicle of 90 nm in diameter, and electron-lucent synaptic vesicle of 50 nm in diameter.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.360-367
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• 2000

'Yumyeong' peach has desirable characteristics of long shelf-life and specific non-melting nature with long harvesting period. However, some fruits harvested too late tend to show fruit pithiness symptom or internal breakdown. The study was conducted to investigate the differences between fruit flesh pithiness and internal breakdown symptoms, and to find out inducing factors of flesh pithiness in 'Yumyeong' peach. The incidence of flesh pithiness was higher in the fruits harvested late. Sugar and malic acid contents were not different between normal fruits and flesh pithiness fruits, but the acidity was significantly lower affected by low citric acid content in flesh pithiness fruit. In flesh pithiness fruits, calcium contents were low in both skin and flesh. Occurrence of flesh pithiness fruits was high in the years with low precipitation and high temperature for 2 months before harvest. In observations on morphological characteristics, the parts showing flesh pithiness consisted of smaller cells than the normal parts. Tonoplasts were disintegrated and the number of dead cells was high in internal breakdown fruits, while the tonoplasts were intact with contracted vacuoles in flesh pithiness fruits. Tylosises were observed in vascular tissues around the flesh pithiness, therefore, it was assumed that those tylosises restricts flesh tissue development resulting in flesh pithiness. Other varieties such as 'Fantasia' and 'Wolmi' also showed tylosis and smaller cells were observed in the flesh tissue of these cultivars, indicating abnormal growth of the flesh part. These results suggested the possibility of the occurrence of pithiness like symptoms in other peach varieties.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.108-121
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to explore the issues and implications for landscape design education in Korean landscape architecture by analyzing the National Exhibition of Korean Landscape Architecture(NEKLA). This study analyzed the suggested topics and selected site as well as the commentary that appeared in the NEKLA's award-winning book published from 2004 to 2014. Results of the study are as follows: First, topics of NEKLA are not only competition guidelines but related to exploring new area and role of Korean landscape architecture. Second, most dealing with site is 'industrial heritage and regeneration space' and 'green infrastructure'. In more recent years, a larger variety of sites were addressed. Third, site locations are concentrated in metropolitan areas, and awards and participation of the non-metropolitan universities was very low. Fourth, seven criteria can be applied in a general landscape design competition such as 'newness of the concept(idea)', 'logicality of the design process', 'selection of site fidelity of analysis(interpretation)', 'presentation and completion of the master plan', 'consistency with the theme', 'linkage of concepts and results' and 'feasibility'. The evaluation criteria are increasing the sophistication of the design language to provide useful suggestions on how to find design education methods. Its implications are as follows: First, training is essential to derive innovative ideas, but it should avoid excessive concept-oriented education. Second, design education may include instruction on how to define the problems related with the site. Third, more emphasis on design logic is essential to transform the innovative concept to actual results. Fourth, 'slick images' unrelated to design should be suppressed. Fifth, practice is needed to solve the topics addressed in the design process of education. Sixth, 'feasibility' and 'creative thinking' are necessary to recognize a reciprocal relationship that is helpful to one another. This study uses direct quote commentary to minimize the subjectivity of the researcher and to trace issues of the contemporary landscape architecture more directly and vividly. This study is a record waiting for another review as meta-criticism. In this regard this study, the landscape architect of the next times will have a mean that historical records to review the current thinking of the landscape theory and design.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.29
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• pp.243-266
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• 2012

As contest exhibits have been activated, a variety of organizations are holding contest with various purposes. Analysis on the guidelines prepared by various sponsoring bodies ranging from public organizations to privately owned businesses shows that sponsoring bodies tend to possess copyrights of entries. Parts of guidelines of contest exhibit are the contract. While sponsoring body shows its opinion on copyright through guidelines, individual participant tends to consider it simply as a form to submit for contest exhibit rather than a contract. Now is the time to bring out a question in respect of the copyright on the contest exhibit. The important fact is that copyright on corporate contents is important, but copyright on individual contents is equally important and it must be protected and respected. This study aims to bring out a question on copyright by analyzing possession and infringement of copyright that stands forth in the guidelines of contest exhibit. Provisions on copyright of contest exhibit play a role as a contract. Provisions on copyright of contest exhibit shall be the ones which can be understood and accepted by both sponsoring body and winner who are the A and B of a contract. For this, change in perception of sponsoring bodies ranging from public organizations to privately owned businesses with prominent position is strongly required. For the foregoing, First, Indication of Copyright: Clear and concrete terms must be used. Second, Scope of Interpretation: Concrete and detailed indication must be made for preventing indication that allows comprehensive interpretation. Third, Cost for Author's Property Right: In case sponsoring body needs to possess or use the author's property right of prize-winning work, proper rights on use considering prize money corresponding to possession or use of author's property right must be indicated. Fourth, Term of Use: The term for using author's property right must be indicated. Fifth, Scope of Rights: The scope of author's property right that sponsoring body requires must be limited and indicated. Sixth, Mutual Respect: Items related to copyright must be indicated on the basis of the concept of bilateral contract founded on mutual consideration and respect, not on the concept of unilateral contract.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.383-403
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• 1999

This study was performed to investigate the immunohistochemical and ultrastructural characterization of the choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-immunoreactive nerve cells in the diagonal band of Broca of the rat basal forebrains, utilizing techniques of immunohistochemical and immunocytochemical microscopy. The ChAT-immunoreactivities were shown within neuronal cell bodies and processes by the light micoscope. According to cell shape and ratio of long axis vs short axis of cell body, the ChAT-immunoreaclive nerve cells in both vertical and horizontal limbs of the diagonal band of Broca were classified into 6 types. at the light microscopic level; round, oval, elongated, fusiform, triangular and polygonal types. As a result of the electron microscopic observation, the ChAT-immunoreactivated products appeared on the outer nuclear envelope, membranes of rough endoplasmic reticula (rER), free ribosomes and polysomes. Each cell type was subdivided into subtype I and II according to the several criteria such as volume of cell body, nuclear size relative to the cytoplasm, kinds and distribution of cell organelles and numbers and sorts of synapses. The subtype I of immnunoreactive nerve cells had large cell body and a small nucleus showing shallow indentations of nuclear evelope. In this subtype I with abundant cytoplasm, rER were well differentiated. Their long cisternae were parallelly ditributed and lamellated. One or two lamellar bodies and nematosomes were observed. The subtype II cell had small cell body and a large nucleus with deep indentations of nuclear envelope. In this subtype II with small cytoplasm, the rER were irregularly distributed and the lamellar body and nematosome were not found. A few axosomatic synapses in the subtype I and II were shown to be symmetric or asymmetric. The ratios of the symmetric synapse to the asymmetric one were investigated to be 1 : 2 and 1 : 4 in the subtype I and II, respectively. The axodendritic ones were almost asymmetric. But, the fusiform and triangular immunoreactive nerve cells were shown only to be subtype I. According to observations in this study, it is considered that the ultrastructural characterization in the 2 subtypes of each cell type may reflect the differences of the metabolic activities and projecting distances to the target cells.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.769-771
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• 2005

유비쿼터스 컴퓨팅의 기반 설비인 센서 네트워크는 많은 수의 센서 노드들로 구성되며, 각 센서 노드의 하드웨어는 매우 작은 규모이다. 또한 최소한의 전력 소모를 위하여 센서 노드들은 동적으로 재구성되며, 노드들 간의 통신은 무선 네트워크를 통하여 이루어진다. 센서 네트워크는 구축 목적에 따라 네트워크 토폴로지 및 라우팅 방식이 결정되어야 하고, 이와 더불어 센서 노드의 하드웨어와 소프트웨어도 필요에 따라 다양하게 변경되어야 한다. 따라서 센서 네트워즈가 구현되기 전에 시스템 동작과 성능을 예측할 수 있고 소프트웨어 개발 환경도 제공해주는 시뮬레이터가 사용 가능하다면, 시스템 개발 기간을 크게 단축시킬 수 있을 것이다. 기존의 센서 네트워크 시뮬레이터들은 특별한 응용을 위한 특정 기반의 하드웨어와 운영체제에 국한되어 개발되었기 때문에 다양한 센서 네트워크 환경을 지원하기에는 한계가 있으며, 센서 네트워크 설계상의 주요 요소인 전력 소모량 분석이 포함되지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 특정한 응용이나 운영체제에 제한을 받지 않으면서 다양하게 센서 네트워크 환경을 설계 및 검증할 수 있고 전력 소모량 추정도 가능한 시뮬레이터를 개발하는 것을 목표로 하였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 시뮬레이터는 기계명령어-레일(machine instruction-level)의 이산-사건 시뮬레이션(discrete-event simulation) 기법을 이용함으로써 실제 센서 노드의 프로그램 실행 및 관련 동작들을 세부적으로 예측하는 데 사용될 수 있도록 하였다. 시뮬레이션의 작업부하(Workload)인 명령어 트레이스(instruction trace)로는 ATmega128L 마이크로컨트롤러용으로 크로스 컴파일된 인텔 헥스-레코드 형식(.hex) 또는 S-레코드 형식(.srec)의 파일을 사용한다.들을 해결하고자 프라이버시보호에 새로운 키 생성 방법을 통한 강력한 프로토콜을 제안 한다.하였으나 사료효율은 증진시켰으며, 후자(사양, 사료)와의 상호작용은 나타나지 않았다. 이상의 결과는 거세비육돈에서 1) androgen과 estrogen은 공히 자발적인 사료섭취와 등지방 침적을 억제하고 IGF-I 분비를 증가시키며, 2) 성선스테로이드호르몬의 이 같은 성장에 미치는 효과의 일부는 IGF-I을 통해 매개될 수도 있을을 시사한다. 약 $70 {\~} 90\%$의 phenoxyethanol이 유상에 존재하였다. 또한, 미생물에 대한 항균력도 phenoxyethanol이 수상에 많이 존재할수록 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 따라서, 제형 내 oil tomposition을 변화시킴으로써 phenoxyethanol의 사용량을 줄일 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 피부 투과를 감소시켜 보다 피부 자극이 적은 저자극 방부시스템 개발이 가능하리라 보여 진다. 첨가하여 제조한 curd yoghurt는 저장성과 관능적인 면에서 우수한 상품적 가치가 인정되는 새로운 기능성 신제품의 개발에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 사료되었다. 여자의 경우 0.8이상이 되어서 심혈관계 질환의 위험 범위에 속하는 수준이었다. 삼두근의 두겹 두께는 남녀 각각 $20.2\pm8.58cm,\;22.2\pm4.40mm$으로 남녀간에 유의한 차이는 없었다. 조사대상자의 식습관 상태는 전체 대상자의 $84.4\%$가 대부분이 하루 세끼 식사를 규칙적으로 하고 있었으며 식사속도는 허겁지겁 빨리 섭취하는 경우가 남자는 $31.0\%$, 여자는 $21.4\%$로 나타났고 이들을 제외한 나머지 사람들은 보통 속도 혹은 충분한 시간을 가지고 식사를 하였

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.271-283
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• 2013

Morphology of Korean Scrophularia species were reviewed to clarify taxonomic characters, their variations and taxon delimitation. Habitats, root forms, foliaceous types, glandular trichomes on stems and leaves, flowering seasons, calyx shapes, corolla colors and shapes, as well as ovary basal shapes are diagnostic characters to classify series in this genus. From the result, 1) S. alata is distinguished from its closely related species S. takesimensis by lengths of stem ribs, widths of petioles, and types of corolla lobes; 2) S. buergeriana is characterized by spike-like inflorescences, short peduncles and pedicels, and yellowish green corollas; 3) lanceolate-shaped leaves and calyces, and axillary-like cyme inflorescences delimitate S. koraiensis easily from the other taxa; 4) smaller leaves discriminate S. kakudensis var. microphylla from S. kakudensis var. kakudensis, and 5) S. cephalantha is distinguished from S. kakudensis by broadly ovate to sub-orbicular shaped leaves, earlier flowering seasons, and smaller numbered flowers on shorter inflorescences. In conclusion, the Korean Scrophularia is classified as 7 taxa, 6 species and 1 variety in 2 series. Keys to the series and taxa are provided.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.58-62
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• 2008

'Miso', a new variety of oyster mushroom was developed for the bottle culture at the Chungnam Agricultural Research & Extension Services. Its mycelium grew rapidly with $8.4{\sim}8.6\;mm/day $ at $25{\sim}28^{\circ}C$ on PDA medium. The optimum pH of the mycelial growth was pH 5.0. It took 24 days for the primitive primordium formation after inoculation on pine sawdust media mixed with 20% wheat bran. Fruiting body color was white, and the shape of pileus was convex-umbonate. In the bottle culture, the yield was 115.7 g per 850 ml bottle. Stipe length was about 54 mm, the number of stipe per bottle was 18.1, the size of pileus was 28 mm, and gill was crowded. The moisture content of 'Miso' was lower than that of Jangan No.5 and Wonhyeong No.1, and contents of protein, ash and sugar of 'Miso' were higher than those of other varieties, and tannin acid content of 'Miso' was lower than that of others. On the basis of AFLP analysis, the 'Miso' was distinct not only from Wonhyeong No.1, but also from their closest relative, oyster mushrooms.