• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.177-191
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• 2012

2011년도 Nobel 생리(生理) 의학상(醫學賞) : 자연(自然)(선천)(先天) 면역(免疫)(innate immunity)의 활성화에 관한 연구업적으로 B. A. Beutler와 J. A. Hoffmann, 그리고 수지상세포(樹枝狀細胞)(dendritic cell; DC)발견과 적응(適應)(획득)(獲得)면역(免疫)(adaptive immunity)에 있어서의 그들 세포의 역할을 밝혀낸 R. M. Steinman의 공동수상으로 금년도 Nobel 생리 의학상 수상자가 결정되었다는 보도가 지난 10월 3일 있었다(1-3). 그들의 업적을 요약하면 대략 다음과 같다. (Steinman교수는 Nobel수상자 발표 3일전인 9월 30일 암으로 사망함). 그들은 면역기구(immune system)의 활성화의 관건(key)이 되는 원리를 밝혀냄으로써, 면역기구에 관한 우리들의 이해를 혁신하였던 것이다. 과학자들은 오랫동안 세균(bacteria)이나 기타 미생물병원체들에 의한 공격에 대비하여 그들 자신을 방어하는 사람이나 기타 동물체에서의 면역응답(免疫應答)(immune response)의 문지기들을 탐색해 왔다. Beutler와 Hoffmann은 그와 같은 병원미생물을 인식하여 생체의 면역응답의 첫 단계인 자연면역을 활성화 할 수 있는 수용체 단백질(toll-like receptor protein)을 규명한 것이다(4,5). 한편 Steinmann은 면역계의 수지상세포(DC)와 병원미생물이 생체로부터 배제되는 면역응답의 후기단계인 적응면역을 활성화하고 조절하는 그들의 독특한 재능을 규명해 낸 것이다(6-8). 그들 3명의 발명은, 면역응답의 자연 및 적응 양상(樣相)이 어떻게 활성화되는 가를 밝혀냄으로써 질병의 기전에 관한 참신한 식견(識見)을 제공한 것이다. 그들의 연구는 감염병(感染病)(infectious disease), 암(癌)(cancer) 그리고 염증성질환(炎症性疾患)(inflammatory disease)에 대응하는 예방과 치료의 개발을 위한 새로운 방법을 개척한 것이다.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.124-128
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the treatment outcomes and prognosis of Lisfranc joint fracture and dislocation according to the mechanism of injury and treatment method. Materials and Methods: Twenty six patients with Lisfranc fracture-dislocation who had been treated surgically were included in this retrospective study. The patients were divided into two groups according to mechanism of injury: direct crushing injury (16 patients) and indirect rotational or compressive injury (10 patients). The patients were also divided into three groups according to the surgical methods. The parameters used were radiographic evaluation, patients' subjective satisfaction levels, length of hospital stay, and the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) midfoot score. Statistical analysis was performed. Results: The mean postoperative AOFAS midfoot score was 78.7. The mean length of stay was 39.6 days. Statistically significant differences in subjective satisfaction, AOFAS midfoot score, and length of hospital stay were observed between the two groups (p<0.05). However, no significance differences were observed between the three groups who were divided according to the different surgical methods (p>0.05). Conclusion: Mechanism of trauma and the severity of soft-tissue injury were significant prognostic factors affecting the surgical outcomes of Lisfranc joint fracture and dislocation.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.80-83
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• 2009

Purpose: A triple labral lesion represents a combination of injuries of the anterior, posterior and superior glenoid labrum. The injury mechanism and symptoms is not completely understood. Materials and Methods: We encountered a triple labral injury in a 39-year-old male complaining pain and active abduction difficulty after a motor vehicle accident. Currently, he does not complain any instability symptoms. The labrum was repaired using bio-absorbable suture anchors and a suture hook. Results: Eighteen months following surgery, the active range of motion was restored and he had no difficulty in his daily activities.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.09a
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• pp.139-162
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• 2002

Since weak zones or geological lineaments are likely to be eroded, weak zones may develop beneath rivers, and a careful evaluation of ground condition is important to construct structures passing through a river. Dc resistivity surveys, however, have seldomly applied to the investigation of water-covered area, possibly because of difficulties in data aquisition and interpretation. The data aquisition having high quality may be the most important factor, and is more difficult than that in land survey, due to the water layer overlying the underground structure to be imaged. Through the numerical modeling and the analysis of case histories, we studied the method of resistivity survey at the water-covered area, starting from the characteristics of measured data, via data acquisition method, to the interpretation method. We unfolded our discussion according to the installed locations of electrodes, ie., floating them on the water surface, and installing at the water bottom, since the methods of data acquisition and interpretation vary depending on the electrode location. Through this study, we could confirm that the dc resistivity method can provide the fairly reasonable subsurface images. It was also shown that installing electrodes at the water bottom can give the subsurface image with much higher resolution than floating them on the water surface. Since the data acquired at the water-covered area have much lower sensitivity to the underground structure than those at the land, and can be contaminated by the higher noise, such as streaming potential, it would be very important to select the acquisition method and electrode array being able to provide the higher signal-to-noise ratio data as well as the high resolving power. The method installing electrodes at the water bottom is suitable to the detailed survey because of much higher resolving power, whereas the method floating them, especially streamer dc resistivity survey, is to the reconnaissance survey owing of very high speed of field work.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.124-130
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• 2001

Purpose : To identify occult intra-articular pathologies in the acute ankle fracture using arthroscopy and to investigate the factors to predict its possibility of occult injuries that could be occurred. Materials and Methods : This prospective study included fifty patients who got operation for the ankle fractures. Ankle arthroscopy was performed to document the type and anatomical location of occult lesion. We investigated the correlation between incidence of occult injuries and specific fracture type. Results : Of fifty ankles, 37 ankles had occult lesion. Twenty five loose bodies including displaced fragments were found and various cartilage lesions were found in 31 ankles. Tibial avulsion fragment by anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament was occurred in 6 cases. There was no correlation between the incidence of occult lesion and various factors including age, sex, injury mechanism and fracture type(p>0.05). Conclusion : The ankle arthroscopy had an effective role for the detection and treatment of occult injuries and it was difficult to predict the occurrence or associated accurately in all of th ankle fractures.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2010

Purpose: Most clavicular fractures can be healed by conservative treatment, although there are many factors that influence healing. The aim of the present study was to analyze factors that influence (i) bone union of midshaft fractures of the clavicle treated conservatively and (ii) bone functioning, after union. The long-term goal was to determine which treatments are adequate. Materials and Methods: We evaluated factors that have an effect on bone union and bone function after union. We evaluated age, fracture site, comminution, displacement, shortening and other factors. Among 523 clavicular midshaft fractures that presented between January 2004 and Jun 2009 at our Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, we identified 270 who had conservative treatment and 173 patients who had surgical treatment. Results: The period required for bone union increased with the degree of displacement. For the group below 12 years of age, and the group without comminution, it took half the time to achieve bone union compared with the other groups. Displacement mostly occurred within 2 weeks after conservative treatment. Conclusion: In patients with a comminuted clavicular midshaft fracture, we might, because of expected delays in bone union, delay the start of rehabilitation until patients are more than 13 years old. Because the degree of displacement may be increased within 2 weeks during conservative treatment, we can think about surgical treatments.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.165-174
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• 1993

$Ca^{2+}$ is an important regulator of neurite elongation and growth cone movements but the mechanism(s) mediating these $Ca^{2+}-dependent$ effects is unclear. Since cytoskeletal proteins are rapidly degraded by $Ca^{2+}-dependent $ proteinases (calpains) in vitro and in vivo, we investigated whether $Ca^{2+}-induced$ pruning or regression of neuronal processes is mediated by calpains. Isolated hippocampal pyramidal-like neurons were cultured and the ability of the membrane-permeable calpain inhibitors EST (etyl (+)-(2S,3S)-3-[(S)-methyl-1-(3-methlbutylcarbamoyl)-butylcarbamoyl]2-oxiranecarboxylate) and MDL28170 (carbobenzoxyl-Val-Phe-H) to block the $Ca^{2+}$ ionophore A23187-induced suppression in neurite outgrowth was investigated. Addition of 100 nM A23187 to the culture medium resulted in a retraction of dendrites without altering axonal elongation. The addition of 300 nM A23187 to the culture medium resulted in a signiciant decrease in the rate of axonal elongation as well as a retraction of dendritic processes. Administration of EST $(5\;or\;20{\mu}M)$ to the culture medium completely blocked the pruning effect of 100 nM A23187 on dendrites and of 300 nM A23187 on axons, while EST alone did not significantly affect neurite outgrowth rate. MDL 28170 $(20\;{\mu}M)$ showed the same effect as EST in preventing ionophore-induced pruning of dendrites and axons at 100 nM and 300 nM concentrations, respectively, of A23187. EST $(20\;{\mu}M)$ did not block the A23187-induced rise of $[Ca^{2+}]_{i}$ as measured with fura-2. These results show that $Ca^{2+}-induced$ pruning of neurites in isolated hippocampal pyramidal neurons is mediated by calpains.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.400-409
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• 2000

This study used in vivo intracellular and extracellular field potential recording to evaluate the intrinsic membrane properties and connection pattern within facial nucleus. 1. There were four subdivisions of medial, intermediate, lateral, and dorsolateral in facial nucleus. 2. Principal cells in the facial nucleus was recorded from and filled with neurobiotin in anesthetized rats. The extent of their dendrites and the characteristics of cell body were examined. 3. Principal cells had a large amplitude action potential and afterhyperpolarization was followed a single action potential. 4. The response from facial motonucleus to electrical stimulation of the facial nerve was mainly a monophasic wave, with a latency of 1 msec, which was assumed to reflect antidromic activation of facial motoneurons. In some of rats the response in addition showed late components at a latency of about 7-8 msec, but its amplitude was small. 5 Most of cells exhibited accommodation of spike discharge upon depolarization of membrane by 0.8 nA for 400 ms. Our results support the hypothesis that there normally are weak connections between different parts of the facial motonucleus to explain pathophysiology of hemifacial spasm and facial naive paralysis.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.141-146
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was performed to analyze the mechanism and type of knee injury during soccer game and to evaluate the functional recovery after treatment. Materials and Methods: From October 2002 to January 2005, 49 patients were treated surgically. Mean age was 28.8 (8-36) years old, mean follow-up duration was 14.9 (8-36) months. Injury was evaluated by physical examination, radiography, and arthroscopic finding. Clinical results were evaluated with Lysholm score and Tegner activity score. Results: According to classification of the ligament injury, the incidence of single ACL injury was the most frequent and 27 cases. Injuries took place, in 2nd half of the games, and in the winter. Among the mechanism of injury, turn & twisting was 20 cases and the most frequent. The preoperative Lysholm score, Tegner activity score were 45, 2 and those of last follow-up were 87.6, 6, respectively. Conclusion: The recovery of Lysholm and Tegner activity score were good, but the sports activity was clearly decreased alter injury. It was suggested that appropriate physical & psychological rehabilitation and education were inevitable.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.84 no.4
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• pp.809-823
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• 2023

Trauma is an injury to the body that involves multiple anatomical and pathophysiological changes caused by forces acting from outside the body. The number of patients with trauma is increasing as our society becomes more sophisticated. The importance and demand of traumatology are growing due to the development and spread of treatment and diagnostic technologies. In particular, damage to the large blood vessels of the chest can be life-threatening, and the sequelae are often severe; therefore, diagnostic and therapeutic methods are becoming increasingly important. Trauma to nonaortic vessels of the thorax and aorta results in varying degrees of physical damage depending on the mechanism of the accident and anatomical damage involved. The main damage is hemorrhage from non-aortic vessels of the thorax and aorta, accompanied by hemodynamic instability and coagulation disorders, which can be life-threatening. Immediate diagnosis and rapid therapeutic access can often improve the prognosis. The treatment of trauma can be surgical or interventional, depending on the patient's condition. Among them, interventional procedures are increasingly gaining popularity owing to their convenience, rapidity, and high therapeutic effectiveness, with increasing use in more trauma centers worldwide. Typical interventional procedures for patients with thoracic trauma include embolization for non-aortic injuries and thoracic endovascular aortic repair for aortic injuries. These procedures have many advantages over surgical treatments, such as fewer internal or surgical side effects, and can be performed more quickly than surgical procedures, contributing to improved outcomes for patients with trauma.