• 대한정형외과스포츠의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.19-19
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• 2002

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.33-36
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mechanism of injury in the anterior cruciate ligament tears sustained in participation in soccer. Materials and methods: 50 patients whose knees were injured during playing soccer were enrolled in this study. The mean age was 27 years old, 47 were male and 3 female. 15 of them were either professional or amateur soccer players, the rest were non-professional. The injury mechanism was investigated by evaluation of the medical records or by telephone interview. Results: The injury mechanism involved contact injuries in 17 patients and non-contact in 33. 41 patients were bearing weight on the involved side at the time of injury, and 9 patients were not. In cases of contact injury, 9 of the 17 patients had sustained a valgus force to the knee, and 5 patients had varus force, 11 patients had their foot planted, and 6 did not. Among those patients with a planted foot, 3 patients were injured by the rotation of the thigh, 1 patient was injured by hyperextension, and there were no deceleration mechanism injuries. In non-contact injuries, 30 out of 33 patients had their foot planted at time of injury and only 3 patients did not. Of these 30 patients, 16 were injured by the rotation of thigh, 6 sustained a varus force on the knee joint and 5 had a valgus force, 5 were injured by hyperextension, and 2 by deceleration. 3 patients, who did not have their foot planted, were injured while kicking with the involved leg. Conclusions: For soccer players in this series, the most common mechanisms resulting in anterior cruciate ligament tears were non-contact, most often by rotation of the torso over a planted foot. In contact injuries, the most common mechanism was the application of valgus force by tackle.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.163-166
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• 2002

Introduction: It is frequently occur in sports injury of clavicular fractures in Hapkido players. Weevaluated Hapkido related clavicular fractures and preventive measure. Methods: We experienced 12 cases of Hapkido related clavicle fracture. The age ranged from 13 to18-years-old. All cases were treated by conservative managements. We examined the relationship between the clavicle fractures and Hapkido related pathomechanics.Results: All cases were injured during the practice for the falling-technique. Results were evaluatedby Weitzman and all cases were revealed more than good. Conclusions: In most cases, the correction of the wrong way of falling-technique will reduce theclavicle fractures in the Hapkido players.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2003

Purpose: This study is to analyse the injury patterns of knee ligament and the factors influencing ligament injuries of knee, and to evaluate the changes of knee function and activity after ski injury. Materials and Methods: Thirty cases of ligament injuries of knee were studied with a questionaire, stress radiographs, magnetic resolution imaging, and physical examination. Mean age was 28.6 years old and mean follow up was 29.6 months. Clinical evaluation of Lysholm knee scoring scale was used for knee function and Tegner activity score was used for activity change after ski injury. Results: The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury accompanied with medial collateral ligament(MCL) injury was most in 11 cases and isolated MCL injury was the next in 9 cases. The common types of injury mechanism were Phantom foot phenomenon (13 cases, 43$\%$) and valgus external rotation injury (12 cases, 40$\%$), which constitute 83$\%$ of all case. At the last follow up, the mean Lysholm score was 93.4 and mean Tegner activity score was 4.2. The reduced Tegner activity score after injury was 1.9. Among several injury groups, the evaluation of knee function and activity was best in the isolated MCL injury group and worst in the ACL injury accompanied with MCL injury group. The factors to influence ski injury were participation to ski class, release of binding, and skiing long time more than 2 hours. Conclusions: Lysholm score at last follow up revealed good grading, but sports activity after ski injury was reduced when compared with pre-injury state. It seems to need a active, systemic sports rehabilitation program after sports injury.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.110-110
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• 2003

후두기관외상은 두경부 부위의 다른 외상에 비해 흔하지 않은데, 이는 연골의 유연성과 후두의 가동성, 후두가 하악과 흉골사이에 위치하여 외상시 보호 받게 되는 해부학적 특성에 기인한다. 그러나, 후두는 호흡과 발성에 중요한 기관으로 조기 진단과 정확한 평가, 적절한 치료를 못할 경우 생명을 위협 할 수 있고 삶의 질에 지대한 영향을 줄 수 있다. 이에 저자들은 급성 후두기관손상으로 수술적 치료를 받은 환자를 대상으로 손상 기전 및 임상 양상, 손상부위, 손상 정도 치료 등을 알아보고 향후 치료에 도움을 얻고자 하였다. 1996년부터 2003년까지 급성 후두기관 손상으로 수술적 치료를 받은 10명을 대상으로 후향적으로 조사를 하였다. 손상정도는 Schaefer의 분류를 따랐으며 술후 결과는 발성과 기도유지로 평가하였다. 발성의 경우 수상전과 동일하거나 유사할 경우 성공(good)으로, 수상전과는 다르지만 기능을 하는 경우는 양호(fair)로, 거의 음성이 나지 않거나 알아들을 수 없는 경우 불량(poor)로 분류하였고, 기도유지는 수상전과 동일하거나 유사할 경우 성공(good)으로, 경한 흡인이나 운동 유발성 호흡곤란이 있는 경우(fair)로 발관이 되지 않는 경우를 불량(poor)으로 분류하였다. 남녀 성비는 8대 2였고 30～40대가 4명으로 가장 많았다. 손상의 원인은 둔상인 경우(4예) 교통사고가 2례, cloth line 손상 2례, 관통상(6례)는 모두 칼에 의한 좌상이었다 증상은 피하기종이 9례, 애성이 7례, 호흡 곤란이 6례로 많았으며 손상부위는 갑상연골 골절이 5례(50％), 기도손상과 갑상선 손상이 각각 4례에서 관찰되었다. 그 외에도 윤상 연골 골절과 윤상갑상막 손상 등이 관찰되었다. 또한 점막 손상이 7례에서 관찰되었다. 성대마비는 내원시 4례에서 관찰되었다 치료는 수상 후 조기수술을 시행하였고 수상 부위를 개방하여 손상된 연조직을 일차 봉합하거나, 골절을 정복 고정하였고 3례에서 스텐트를 삽입하였다. 술후 기도유지는 모두 성공적이었고 발성기능은 6례에서 성공(good)적이었고 4례에서 양호(fair)의 결과를 보였다. 양호의 결과를 보인 모든 예가 내원시 성대 움직임의 마비나 저하를 보인 예였다. 급성 후두기관손상환자에서 조기 진단과 적절한 수술적 치료는 환자의 생명을 유지시키고 술후 발성 지능의 보존에 양호한 결과를 보였다.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.9
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• pp.806-817
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• 2021

Increasing evidence suggests that depression is associated with impairments in neural plasticity. Sirtuin 1 plays an important role in neural plasticity, and the activation of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling is known to improve neural plasticity. In this study, we aimed to determine whether sirtuin 1 affects dendrite outgrowth and spine formation through mTORC1 signaling. Resveratrol (sirtuin 1 activator; 1 and 10 μM) and sirtinol (sirtuin 1 inhibitor; 1 and 10 μM) were treated in primary cortical culture with and without dexamethasone (500 μM). Levels of sirtuin 1, phospho-extracellular signal regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), phospho-mTORC1, and phospho-p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) were evaluated using Western blot analysis. Dendritic outgrowth and spine density were assessed using immunostaining. Resveratrol significantly increased levels of sirtuin 1 expression and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 (a downstream target of sirtuin 1), mTORC1, and p70S6K (a downstream target of mTORC1) in a concentration-dependent manner under dexamethasone conditions. Resveratrol also significantly increased dendritic outgrowth and spine density. Conversely, sirtinol significantly decreased levels of sirtuin 1 expression and phosphorylation of ERK1/2, mTORC1, and p70S6K in a concentration-dependent manner under normal conditions. Moreover, sirtinol significantly decreased dendritic outgrowth and spine density. Consistent with the results of sirtinol, sirtuin 1 knockdown using sirtuin 1 siRNA transfection significantly decreased dendritic outgrowth and spine density as well as phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 and mTORC1. These data suggest that sirtuin 1 enhances dendritic outgrowth and spine density by activating mTORC1 signaling.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.58-64
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• 2010

Purpose: Bicycle riding is an increasingly popular sports and leisure activity in Korea. The aim of this study was to identify injury patterns of admitted patients who were injured from bicycle riding. Materials and Methods: This study examined 71 patients from Jan. 2008 to May 2009. There were 54 male and 17 female patients. We investigated the injured body parts, mechanisms of injury, location of injury, types of bicycles, purpose of bicycle riding, any concomitant luggage or passenger on rear seat, injury seasons and the helmet use. We analyzed the data using Injury Severity Score(ISS). Results: There were 11 cases of ISS 1, 41 cases of ISS 4, 2 cases of ISS 5, 13 cases of ISS 9, one case of ISS 13, two cases of ISS 16 and one case of ISS 29 among the 71 patients. 36 patients(50.7%) underwent surgery for upper and lower extremity injuries, two patients for vertebral body fractures, 8 patients for facial bone injuries and one patient for abdominal organ injury. There were 10 head injuries among whom three patients received treatment in ICU(4.2%). Conclusion: Bicycle riding can cause severe injuries with subsequent admission and major surgeries. Several measures including constructing more bicycle road, public campaign and wearing protective gears should be instituted.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.383-396
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• 2020

Purpose: This study compared the injury mechanism, site, type, initial management approach of orthopedic injury, and outcomes according to the injury severity in moderate-to-severe injured patients. Materials and Methods: During 57-month, excluding the period when the authors' emergency/trauma center was not operating, from 2014 to 2019, a retrospective study was conducted on 778 patients with orthopedic injuries among patients with an Injury Severity Score (ISS)>9 scored. The patients were classified into moderate-injured group (group-1, 679) and severe-injured group (group-2, 99) according to the injury severity based on the ISS and physiologic parameters. The injury mechanism and non-orthopedic injury were evaluated. Orthopedic injuries were assessed according to the injury pattern and the number of anatomical regions and bone sites involved. The management approach for the orthopedic injuries in two groups was compared. Outcomes (hospital stay, systemic complications, and in-hospital mortality) were evaluated, and the risk factors for mortality were analyzed. Results: In group-2, the incidence of younger males, high-energy mechanisms, and accompanying injuries was significantly higher than in group-1. The number of anatomical regions and bone sites involved increased in group-2. The involvement of the pelvis, spine, and upper extremity was significantly higher in group-2, whereas group-1 was involved mainly by the lower extremities. Depending on the patient's condition, definitive or staged management for orthopedic injuries may be used. Group-1 was treated mainly with definite fixation after the physiological stabilization process, and group-2 was treated with staged management using temporary external fixation. The hospital stay was significantly longer in group-2. The overall systematic complications and in-hospital mortality was approximately 4.9% and 4.5%. A higher injury severity was associated with higher in-hospital mortality (2.9%, 15.2%; p<0.0001). Increasing age and high ISS are independent risk factors for mortality. Conclusion: A higher severity of injury was associated with a higher incidence of high-energy mechanism, younger, male, accompanying injuries, and the frequency and severity of orthopedic injuries. Severe polytrauma patients were treated mainly with a staged approach, such as external fixation. The hospital stay, systematic complications, and in-hospital mortality were significantly higher in severe-injured patients. Age and ISS are strong predictors of in-hospital mortality in polytrauma.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.173-180
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• 2001

스트레스가 질병 및 동통과 밀접하게 관련되어 있다는 것은 주지의 사실이며, 정서적으로 중요한 구강안면영역에는 측두하악관절장애증, 구강작열감증후군 등의 다양한 스트레스성 질환이 존재하는데, 이들의 병리학적 기전에 대해서는 아직도 논란의 여지가 있다. 그리고 중추신경계인 뇌는 스트레스 반응 및 동통 신호의 전달과 조절 등에서 중요한 역할을 하는 부분이다. 이에 저자는 스트레스와 신경과의 병리적관계를 조직학적으로 밝히고자 구속스트레스하의 백서 뇌조직을 채취하여 전자현미경으로 세포변화를 관찰하였다. 생후 8주된 Sprague-Dawley계 웅성 백서 (322-367 g/bw)를 대조군으로 3마리, 실험군으로 15마리를 배정하였다. 실험군은 구속스트레스를 실험 전기간에 걸쳐 부여하였다. 모든 실험동물의 뇌간을 적출하여, 전자현미경으로 조직변화를 관찰하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 정상 대조군에서는 정상적인 형태의 수상돌기 및 세포체가 관찰되었다. 2. 구속스트레스군의 5일군과 7일군에서 작은 크기의 사립체가 다수 출현하였다. 3. 구속스트레스 3일군부터 핵주위의 공포화(vacuolization)로 핵과 세포질이 이개되었으며, 7일군에서는 이러한 핵주위의 변성이 현저하였다. 구속스트레스 부여 후 뇌세포의 미세구조를 관찰한 결과, 세포내 미세구조 및 세포간극의 변화가 있었던 것은 스트레스에 의해 신경세포가 변성될 수 있다는 것을 의미하는 것으로, 이는 스트레스와 관련된 구강안면동통 등의 질병 기전을 밝히는데 도움이 되리라 사료되며, 향후 이에 대한 추가적인 조직학적, 분자생물학적인 연구가 필요하리라 생각된다.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.163-167
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe causes and injury mechanisms during inline skating and to find preventive measures .Materials and Methods: We have carefully selected 57 patients who have been treated in our hospital and nearby hospital. There are 37 males and 20 females, and mean age is 9 years 9 months (range,6-40 years old) . We have meticulously investigated their injured sites, their favorite location for inline skating , their use of protective means while they were on the wheels and their injury mechanisms . Results: Injury consisted of 50 fractures,1 meniscal tear,2 medial collateral ligament rupture and 4 contusion or sprain. Fracture sites varied as follows : 33(66$\%$) cases in distal radius and ulna,5(10$\%$) in elbow. 3(6$\%$) in diaphysis of humerus, etc Location at the time of injury varied as follows : 22 cases(39$\%$) in their apartment complex, 19 cases in (33$\%$) narrow streets, and 16 cases(28$\%$) in parks Only five patients admitted that any means of protection were used.2 cases only had knee pad on , 1 case put on elbow pad in addition, and 2 cases put on wrist guard as well. However none of the patients had helmet on Conclusion: We would strongly like to stress the importance of using sufficient protections and of choosing area where it is safe to ride, in order to reduce the risk of accidents. In addition, continuous and effective prior education from inline skate circles may be in order before riding the inline skate.