• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.601-605
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• 1989

Water absorption of the major kernels(7 and 10mesh sizes) of naked barley differing in pearling degrees at $25-50^{\circ}C$ was investigated. The time to reach equilibrium moisture content was reduced by half upon removal of over 20% of the outer layer of the kernel. Water absorption rate and diffusion coefficient of naked barley of 5% pearling degree at $40^{\circ}C$ were faster about 1.5 and 2.8 times than those of unpearled one. The activation energy of hydration for unpearled naked barley was 11.5kcal/mole, which was decreased by approximately 0.4kcal/mole upon increasing the pearling degree by 5%.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.139-145
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• 1994

This study was intended to obtain the basic information on the germination status, changes of $\beta$-amylase activity and reducing sugar contents during seed germination of barley after an imposition of water stress by adding Polyethylene glycol solution. The effects of water deficit on germination were to be decreased in germination rate and velocity. Respiratory Quotient was increased as the osmotic potential in culture solution was decreased. But $\beta$-amylase activity and reducing sugar contents were decreased and the ratio of dry to fresh weight of germinated seeds was increased as the osmotic potential of the culture solution was decreased.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.1371-1372
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• 2003

직물에서 구조적 요인이 쾌적성과 연관된 유체전달 특성들에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 고려된 구조변수는 직물을 구성하는 실의 구성성분 그리고 꼬임수이다. 측정한 쾌적성과 연관된 물성으로 수분 흡수성, 수분 증발성, 그리고 수분 투과성이다. 이들 물성은 고려된 구조 인자들에 의해 큰 영향을 받았다. 결과들에 대한 객관적 분석과 이해를 위해 실에서 접촉적각, 직물에서 모세관 흡수 곡선, 그리고 기공크기를 측정하였으며, 또한 기존 이론들을 수정한 모델을 도입하여 모사 설명하였다.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.344-350
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• 2006

Soaking and drying were studied for seven grains and legumes including glutinous rice, brown rice, glutinous brown rice, glutinous barley, Seoritae, Heuktae and red bean to improve taste of cooked mixed grams and make easy to cook then Seoritae and Heuktae showed the highest water absorption and the rest were in the order of glutinous barley, glutinous rice, milled rice, brown glutinous rice, brown rice, and red bean. In regards with water absorption index by soaking temperature, the higher the temperature showed, the more water absorption and the shorter time to reach the water absorption balance, the more grinding legumes. showed the more water absorption and the shorter time to reach to the water absorption balance. The soaked samples were dried at mom temperature $30^{\circ}\C,\;50^{\circ}\C$, and microwave 300 W, 700 W and 1000 W power. As a result 700 W drying method br microwave can dry samples in the shortest time without damage to the samples. Therefore, it was considered as the best pretreatment conditions for mixed stains to dry with 700 W microwave after one-hour soaking at $30^{\circ}C$.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.320-325
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• 1985

Relation between amylose and physical properties of milled rice was investigated. Amylose content was negatively and positively correlated with chalkiness and alkali solubility, respectively. No correlation was observed between amylose content and water uptake rate, cooked rice hardness or relative crystallinity. Relative crystallinity of the starch was negatively correlated with alkali solubility and water uptake rate.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.11
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• pp.1596-1602
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• 2012

Eight rice cultivars grown in Korea were analyzed to investigate the quality of flour prepared using wet and dry grinding methods. The hardness of the kernel was related with starch damage following dry grinding but not following wet grinding. Although Chenmaai had the hardest steeped kernel, its flour exhibited minimal starch damage, a lower water absorption index (WAI), and a smaller difference between the RVA properties of wet and dry ground flour. However, Seolgan and Suweon517 are soft grains, and their flours had more starch damage and a higher WAI. In general, soft kernels produce better grinding characteristics. However, our wet grinding results indicated that grain hardness was not the main factor affecting the grinding characteristics. Even Chenmaai, with its hard kernels, had good grinding characteristics, whereas the softer kernels of Seolgan and Suweon517 did not show the appropriate grinding characteristics.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2003.02a
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• pp.470-477
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• 2003

토양에 함유된 수분은 식물의 생육뿐만 아니라 식물뿌리의 호흡, 미생물 활성 및 토양의 화학적 상태에 큰 영향을 미친다. 즉, 토양수분은 물에 용해된 무기물과 토양 내의 양분을 녹여 식물 뿌리로 흡수될 수 있도록 이동시키며, 토양 속의 온도를 조절하여 뿌리의 영양분 흡수 능력을 향상시키는 기능을 한다. 또한 토양 속으로 수분이 이동하면서 고갈된 산소를 공급하는 등의 중요한 기능을 하고 있다 (Hillel, 1980). 따라서 토양 내 수분이 과다하거나 부족한 경우 인위적으로 최적 상태의 함수비로 조절하는 물 관리 기술의 중요성이 대두되고 있으며 물 관리 기술의 개발에서 가장 중요한 기술 중의 하나는 토양의 수분 함량을 온라인으로 계측하는 것으로서 관개배구 자동화 기술의 핵심부분이라고 할 수 있다. (중략)

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.161-170
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• 2003

The aesthetic restorative materials are widely used in recent dentistry, showed not only the different quality between each component but also showed that the environment of the material has important effect on the physical properties of the material. Especially, when the restoratives are restored in the mouth, and since saliva is existing, the restoratives are always exposed to water and affected by the saliva. The purpose of this study was to research and compare the change of the degree of water sorption after water immersion of three types of the resin-based materials and the compressive strength, and observe the relation between the change of the water absorbing degree and the compressive strength. Z-100(3M, U.S.A) as a composite resin, F-2000(3M, U.S.A) as a compomer and Vitremer Restoratives(3M, U.S.A) as a resin-modified GIC were used, and each specimen was made to measure the water sorption and to evaluate the compressive strength. The specimens for measurement of the water sorption and the compressive strength were divided into 4 groups(1 day, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 8weeks). Each specimen was filled in the 30cc vial with 20cc of distilled water during the fixed amount of period in $37^{\circ}C$. The water sorption is decided by dividing the difference of weight before and after the immersion by the volume, and the compressive strength was measured by using the instron after the immersion. The following results were obtained ; 1. The more the water sorption increased, the more the immersion period of three restorative materials was long. And the most of water sorption was obtained during the first 2 weeks(P<0.001). 2. The water sorption of resin-modified GIC was higher than composite resin and compomer. 3. The more the compressive strength decreased, the more the immersion period of three restorative materials increased(composite resin and compomer: P<0.001, resin-modified GIC: P<0.05). Especially, the amount of the reduction in compressive strength of the composite resin was the highest. 4. The more the water sorption of all materials increased, the more the compressive strength decreased(P<0.05).

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.125-132
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• 2023

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of moisture absorbent (MA) application timing for litter management on broiler performance, blood cell characteristics, litter moisture content, incidence of footpad dermatitis (FPD), and economics analysis. Treatment include untreated control (NC), 3-week-old litter treatment (PC), 0-week-old (W1), 0 and 3-week-old (W2), 3-week-old (W3) application of moisture absorbent. Six hundred eighty broilers (1-day-old, 42.0±0.24 g) were divided into 5 treatments (4 replications per treatment, 34 birds per replication) and raised for 5 weeks in a floor (2 m² per pen). There was no significant difference among treatments in performance, blood cell characteristics, and H/L ratio according to the application period of litter and moisture absorbent. The litter moisture content and the FPD score were significantly decreased in the litter and moisture absorbent treatments at the age of 5 weeks (P<0.05). The FPD score of broilers was lowest in PC treatment compared to NC treatment (P<0.05). The incidence of FPD was lower in PC and W3 treatments compared to other treatments, and that was the highest in NC treatment. As a result of analyzing the economic feasibility, the highest expenditure occurred in PC treatment, and the lowest expenditure occurred in W3 treatment. Income was the highest in W3 treatment, and lowest in NC treatment. The profit was 185,859 won (1,367 won/unit), the highest in the W3 treatment. In conclusion, when MA was applied to the litter of broiler house at the age of 3 weeks, the litter moisture content and FPD were improved.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.402-408
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• 2016

Master packaging system consists of an inner individual package and secondary outer package. During the stages of chilled transport and distribution, the combination of primary individual package and secondary package was used to maintain a modified atmosphere for shiitake mushrooms. During the retail stage at higher temperature ($25^{\circ}C$), the primary individual package was exposed to display conditions after dismantling of the secondary packaging. The master packaging system was constructed to contain eight individual $30-{\mu}m$ thick polypropylene film bags of 500 g shiitake mushrooms inside a $40-{\mu}m$ low-density polyethylene bag. Carbon dioxide absorbent material [$Ca(OH)_2$] and/or moisture absorbent (superabsorbent polymer) were designed in their required amounts based on respiration characteristics and then applied to the outer secondary packaging in sachet form. Gas concentration of the packaging, temperature, and humidity were monitored throughout transport and storage. The quality of shiitake mushrooms was measured at the retail stage to determine the packaging effect. During the distribution stage of 108 h, $O_2$ and $CO_2$ concentrations in the master packaging system were maintained at 9~11% and 1~4% in the inner packaging, respectively, which are good for quality preservation. Compared to the control, the master packaging with $CO_2$ and/or moisture absorbents improved mushroom preservation and particularly reduced decay.