• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.482-492
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was a qualitative research study in which focus group interviews were used to collect data on the meaning of respite for family caregivers who are taking care of elders with dementia. Methods: The focus group interviews and participants consisted of 2 family caregiver groups, for a total of 8 people taking care of their elders and 5 professional caregivers working in a geriatrics hospital or social welfare institutions. Content analysis was used and debriefing notes were referred in order to analyze the data. Results: The meaning of respite in this research was measured using 4 main categories: 'Temporary break from routine', 'direct help', 'psychological comfort', 'valuables which cannot be taken easily' and 9 subcategories: 'Temporary diversion of attention', 'temporarily free from my duty', 'taking care of oneself', 'receiving economic help', 'empathize with others', 'comfort based on trust', 'resting together with the elder', 'no time to rest', 'cannot get out of one's obligatory duty'. Conclusion: The findings of the study show that rest means not only a temporary relief from caretaking, but also a real respite based on the patients' stable state and comfort. These results indicate a new meaning for respite, that the first step of respite program has to begin even when the caregivers do not recognize the need for respite.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.21-31
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• 2002

The aim of this study was to analyse and conduct the comprehensive geriatric assessment for the elderly in rural area. The subjects were 388 older people aged 65 years or older living in the community. Data for comprehensive assessment such as physical, mental, functional, social and environmental conditions were collected from January to February, 2001 through a person-to-person interview. Of the total 388 olders, 169(43.6%) were men and 219(56.4%) were women. Mean ages of men and women were $73.5{\pm}6.4$ and $74.0{\pm}6.2$ years respectively. Three common diseases of the elderly were arthralgia(51.6%), chronic back pain(33.2%) and hypertension(18.6%), and higher in women than in men. Impairment rate of vision, hearing and bowel or bladder control was 59.0%, 20.1%, and 28.4% respectively. But that of lover extremities 3.4%. In terms of cognitive function, short term memory loss was found in 33.7% of males and 44.7% of females. The percentage of fully independent in the six ADL items was 72.2% in men and 58.9% in women. In the social supportive system, 49.5% of the elderly were living with spouse, and 22.9% living alone, 26.3% having care giver. These results will provide basic data for the development of community-based health program, which gives appropriate health service for the elderly living in the community.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2005.10b
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• pp.298-299
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• 2005

• Survey Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.97-121
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• 2010

Using the 1998-2004 Health and Retirement Study(HRS), this study explored the determinants of private long-term care insurance(LTCI) ownership and the first home care use. To account for the interaction between LTCI purchase and home care use, this study used two-period utility model as theoretical framework. Discrete time model was used as an empirical model to incorporate the time-dependent feature of LTCI ownership. And this study accounted for the endogeneity of LTCI ownership and home care use by employing full information maximum likelihood estimation. This study indicated insignificant effects of private LTCI ownership and Medicaid eligibility on the home care use. Also, the effects of income and assets on home care utilization were negligible. Those who have poor health condition and who do not have potential informal caregivers were more likely to use home care. For private LTCI ownership, income and assets have positive relationship with LTCI purchase, and poor health status and age were negatively related to LTCI purchase. The elderly living with children and those who have more siblings were less likely to have private LTCI, and those who lived with spouses with no children were more likely to buy private LTCI. Based on the findings, this study provides implications to design long-term care(LTC) policies in the U.S. and to develop LTC planning education programs.

• 한국노년학
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.683-699
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• 2009

Family caregiving to the elderly is one of the most important social issues in recent Korea. Among various kinds of family caregivers, spouse caregivers particularly constitute a special group, generally characterized by continuous intimate association with the care recipients at many levels and by special commitments and responsibilities associated with the marriage bond. And the number of spouse caregiver is expected to increase in the future. Moreover, since a conjugal relation is consisted of husband and wife, their caregiving experiences and caregiving burden may vary by gender. Thus, the present study was to examine the effect of caregiving experience, especially caregiving motivation and social support focusing on the gender differences. We analysed 「2001 Survey of Care-giving Status and welfare Needs of Older Persons in Korea」 data by performing descriptive statistics, t-test and logistic regression. As a result, we found that the husband was likely to feel more burden when he started caregiving because of few alternatives. For wife caregivers, the less awareness of social support they had, the more possibility of economic burden they felt. With these results, we suggest the necessity of having gender-sensitive perspective in research and policy making for caregivers.

• 한국사회복지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.661-667
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• 2007

현재 일본 내에 거주하고 있는 외국인 중 재일 한국인/조선인(이하, 재일코리안)이 제일 많은 부분을 차지하고 있다. 재일 코리안 중 65세 이상이 13%가 넘는다(재일고령자 조사위원회, 2003). 이런 재일한국인/조선인의 고령자(이하, 재일코리안 1세라고 말함)는 대부분 식민지시대에 조국에서의 생활기반을 잃어버리고 일본에 건너오게 되거나 혹은 강제연행으로 인해 일본에 거주하게 되었다. 재일코리안 1세는 연령적으로는 후기 고령자이며, 문화의 차이, 언어적 문제 그리고 경제적인 문제 등의 어려움이 있다. 이런 많은 어려운 점 중에서도 특히 개호의 문제(노인수발 문제)는 가장 심각하다. 이런 문제들 중 먼저 역사적인 경위에 대해 선행연구 등을 통해 논해 보고자 한다. 또한 문화적 차이와 언어적 문제가 개호보험 서비스 이용에 있어서 장애가 될 가능성도 있을 수 있으며, 대다수가 무연금자인 점(길영(吉永), 2004), 개호보험과 재일코리안 1세의 경제적인 요인이 심각한 문제인 점인것(북촌(北村), 2004)을 말하고 있다. 이를 배경으로, 후꾸오까/나가사키 지역의 재일동포 1세에게 직접 설문조사를 실시했다. 조사 결과 재일코리안 1세는 일본의 고령자보다 훨씬 개호보험 서비스 이용에 소외될 가능성을 가지고 있었다. 재일코리안 1세의 개호의 문제는 한국에서가 아니라, 거주하고 있는 일본에서 해결되어 져야만 하는 문제이며 그 개선책 또한 논하였으며 향후의 방향성에 대해서도 고찰해 보았다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.64 no.1
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• pp.106-122
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• 2014

This study is based on the official Chinese history of the ancient Korean(中國正史朝鮮傳) clothing and ornaments, and also tries to discover, study, and adjust the system of the ancient Korean clothing and ornaments. Ancient Korea has very poor official records of its clothing and ornaments. Therefore, this study had no choice but to rely on the official Chinese history to cover for the lack of resources. The official Chinese history documents are not only important for studying ancient Korean history, but also important for studying about the ancient Korean clothing and ornaments. This research selected historical documents about the ancient Korean clothing and ornaments from fifteen different Chinese dynasties' official documents, and then systematically classified the documents in order to compare them. All these processes confirmed the following subjects. In regards to the Kwan(冠: general hat), the hat types included Check, Byun(弁), Jeol-poong(折風), Jowoo-Kwan(鳥羽冠), So-gol(蘇骨), and Na-kwan(羅冠). These Kwan(冠) were influenced from Chinese clothing and ornaments. Gold and silver decorations on the Kwan(冠) were influenced from the Scythai culture. The feather decorations on the hat were residual of the bird worshiping culture or the hunting lifestyle. These things show that the ancient Korean clothing and ornaments originated the clothing and ornaments from the North. But the use of Jo-woo(bird feather) was common around the globe in many ways during the ancient times, regardless of area and period. The official Chinese history describes men's hair style as Choo-gyul (椎結) or sometimes pronounced, Choo-gyul(椎結). These seem to describe the topknot. Women had various types of hair styles such as Yu-byun-bal-su-hu (wear women's hair in a braid). The official Chinese history show that the ancient Korean clothing and ornaments originated the clothing and ornaments from the north. The ancient Korean clothing and ornaments influenced and were influenced by its neighboring countries.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.13-29
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to describe about elders with dementia, their families, and their living environment by visiting the households where demented elders resided. The findings will be used as a basis to develop future individualized adjustment programs for demented elders and their families living in communities. The study participants were 64 demented elders and their families who were registered to a dementia counseling center at Nam-Gu community health center located in Inchon, Korea. Data were collected for two months, from May to June 2001. The length of data collection for each home visit ranged from 1.5 to 2.5 hours. Conclusion are as follows based on these study findings: Those demented elders had more than one chronic health problem in addition to their pre-existing dementia condition. Two thirds of the demented elders were not receiving any specific treatment for dementia. They showed a moderate level of independence in basic ADL, but were mostly residing at home because of lack of ability to perform more delicate and complicate routine daily activities by themselves. In addition, the primary caregivers were not well adjusted to the care-giving activities for their demented family members due to the lack of knowledge and information about dementia. The caregivers were mostly women including daughters-in-law, woman spouses and daughters, over a half of whom perceived their physical and mental health status as poor. Their image toward the demented elders was considerably negative. while their level of knowledge on dementia was moderate. The burden for the care-giving was high, whereas their coping method was passive. As the difference in image toward elderly before and after the onset of dementia in their family member increases, the caregiver burden also increased. The main resource of social support for the caregivers was their children. The caregivers showed high level of needs for knowledge and information on dementia, and day care service was the most preferred type of service by the caregivers. There was lack of safety in the living environments for the demented elders and their families, and in the surrounding environments to prevent dementia-related symptoms. Considering that home-based family care-giving is the most culturally appropriate model of providing care for the demented elders in Korea, we need to develop and apply an individualized adjustment program for the demented elders and their families.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.273-302
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• 2006

The introduction of cash payments for care is a distinct trend that characterizes changes in care policies since the 1990s. Recently, many developed countries have newly introduced or extended cash payments for care that allow care users to be able to plan themselves for their cares instead of receiving direct care services from the state. Cash payments for care can be said to be one of the alternative policies by which user choices are extended, and it becomes possible to establish demand-cantered care delivery systems more economically and effectively, hence addressing the issue of the financial limitations and rigid systems that are common in modern welfare states, which make it difficult to response to various needs. However, the design and administration of cash for care vary across different countries. Such variations of cash for care policies influence on the combination of consumerism (based on liberal market values intrinsic in the care market) and citizenship based on social solidarity. Those variations eventually produce impacts on the balance of responsibilities and the roles of families, the state and market regarding care in other words, balancing of welfare pluralism. This paper has attempted to find general meanings and particularity of cash for care polices in modem welfare states by means of looking at the characteristics of cash for care policies of four different countries (Netherlands, France, Germany and Italy) and their impacts on their care market. If the four countries are ranked by the degree that they emphasize citizenship in light with social rights, the Netherlands, France, Germany and Italy could be placed in due order. From an economic point of view and in terms of cost containment, those countries will be placed in an inverse order, It is apparent that in the course of planting cash for care policies in the existing social systems involving different socio-cultural conditions and labour markets, sometimes more emphasis is placed on the citizenship of care users, family carers and care providers than on cost containment issue, and sometimes vice versa. Behind this lies the process of different social valuation on what care is about; who can better deliver care; who should be responsible for care; how responsibilities should be shared and so on.

• 전자공학회논문지 IE
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.55-61
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• 2009

This paper describes an assistant system for elders who live alone. The developed system is composed of a wearable RFID system, a gateway system, and server system. The wearable RFID system is installed in glove. The wearable RFID system can be considered as a wireless sensor network which has a sink node and sensor node with a RFID reader. The sensor node can read RFID tags on the various objects used in daily living such as furniture, medicines, sugar and salt bottles, and ok. The sensor node transmits wireless packets to the sink node. The sink node sends the received packet immediately to a server system via a gateway system. The gateway provides users with audio-visual information of objects. The server system is composed of a database server and a web server. The data from each wearable RFID system is collected into a database, and then the data are processed to visualize the measurement of daily living activities of users. The processed data can be provided for someone who wants to know about user's daily living patterns in house such as family, caregivers, and medical crew.