• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.101 no.1
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• pp.36-45
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• 2012

Education on the environment and plants offered by arboretum for today's people not only contribute to foster a better natural environment in urban region but also provide visitors with decent refreshment environment and beyond. In the study, the author undertook the observation on usage behavior and satisfaction model of arboretum visitors expect and investigated the facilities and programs to be offered by arboretum in order to propose the opinion regarding the service. For observation size of variables in a multiple regression analysis of variables is influencing satisfaction rankings walks the line of flow, the educational effect on the environment, cleanliness of the facility, visits pay, natural beauty, diversity of trees, accessibility and friendliness of staff, expansion of facilities in the arboretum and appeared as a complement. In case of visitor attribute, the residents living near the facility showed the highest visit frequency of more than 5 times, especially as part of taking a walk. This proves that the visit to arboretum is considered as part of everyday life, and thus a new program and walk path as well as movement route are needed to be developed for the visitors. In the question relating to the facilities and operation programs in Daegu Arboretum, particularly the requests by visitors, they responded that the establishment of cultural event, beautiful natural scenery, refreshment and convenience facilities is the most critical issue. In addition, the management on withered trees and bare lands is an urgent issue as well. In this sense, the Operation and Management Strategies based upon the visitor behaviors and model of satisfaction are needed to deal with the adoption of diverse events and festivals joined by local residents, ombudsman program, environmental program development for students and teachers within the region, negligent bare lands and withered tree replacement, and cafeteria facility improvement and supplement as well as the bench marking of other facilities than arboretums located in other regions. These items are thought to be sufficiently dealt with by Daegu Arboretum having no more external resources. It is recognized that the visitor satisfaction begins from a minor thing, and a small difference determines a great satisfaction, and thus the software approach rather than hardware one is in need.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.177-177
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• 2020

새만금 간척지는 1989년 '새만금간척사업'이 발표된 이래 1991년에 방조제 공사를 시작으로 2006년 물막기 공사를 완료하였고, 2009년 이후 방조제를 완공하여 현재는 40,100ha의 간척지가 조성되었다. 하지만 간척지는 장기적으로 환경에 악영향을 미치며 특히 간척으로 인한 해안경관의 가치 상실, 생태계 파괴 및 교란에 따른 변화가 크기 때문에 이에 대한 대책이 필요하다. 적극적인 식생의 도입이 그 대책의 하나가 될 수 있는데 이는 자연적으로 식물천이를 유도하고 동물들을 유인하여 생태적으로 건강한 환경을 조성하는데 기여할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 새만금간척지의 대표적인 수목생육 제한 요인으로 판단되는 염분, 배수 및 통기성에 대한 시험연구를 진행하고자 '09~'11까지 초기에 김제광활에서 2ha의 시험포를 운영하였고, '12부터는 군산옥구에서 2ha의 시험포를 운영하고 있다. 수목을 심을 포지를 구획하기 전에 토양의 염분값을 낮추기 위해서 군산옥구의 경우, 2ha의 시험포를 포함한 전체 묘목장 부지(100ha) 중에서 일부구간(38ha)을 '09 부터 자연강우 담수제염을 통해서 제염을 진행하였다. 이를 통해 초기 염분 값이 18ds/m~20ds/m에서 8ds/m~10ds/m로 낮아졌다. 이렇게 수목이 자랄 수 있는 정도의 제염이 이루어진 이후에는 배수 및 통기성 부분에 초점을 맞추어 포지를 구획하였다. 단지1의 경우, 사전제염작업을 하지 않고, 5M간격의 암거를 설치하였고, 단지2의 경우, 사전강우제염을 진행하고, 10M간격의 암거를 설치하였다. 단지3의 경우, 사전강우제염을 진행하고 그 위에 0.4M의 준설토를 성토하여 포지를 조성하고 일부구간에 5M, 10M암거를 설치하였다. 2년 간의 수목 생존률 및 생장 모니터링을 통해서 각 단지에서의 수목생장의 적합성의 정도를 간접적으로 판단할 수 있었다. 단지3이 암거설치 간격 및 설치유무에 관계없이 수목이 자라는데 가장 적합했다. 다음으로 단지2, 단지1 순으로 나타났다. 염분 값을 낮추기 위한 자연강우 담수제염의 경우에는 문제가 되지 않지만 배수 및 통기성 개선을 위한 암거설치의 경우는 새만금 전체 식재구역에 적용하기에는 경제성이 떨어지므로 배수 및 통기성을 위한 별도의 방안이 요구된다. 또한 각 단지에서의 수목 생장모니터링을 지속적으로 시행하여 보다 장기적인 측면에서의 식재기반 조성기법을 고려할 필요가 있다.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.548-557
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• 2021

Cypripedium japonicum Thunb. is an endemic plant in East Asia, distributed only in Korea, China, and Japan. At the global level, the IUCN Red List evaluates it as "Endangered Species (EN)," and at the national level in Korea, it is evaluated as "Critically Endangered Species (CR)." In this study, we investigated the characteristics of the age structure and the sustainability of the population based on the data obtained by demographic monitoring conducted for seven years in the natural habitat. C. japonicum habitats were observed in 7 regions of Korea (Pochoen, Gapyeong, Hwacheon, Chuncheon, Yeongdong, Muju, Gwangyang), and 4,356 individuals in 15 subpopulations were identified. The population size and structure differed from region to region, and artificial management had a very important effect on the size and structural change of the population. Population viability analysis (PVA) based on changes in the number of individuals of C. japonicum showed a very diverse tendency by region. And the probability of population extinction in the next 100 years was 0.00% for Pocheon, 10.90% for Gwangyang, 24.05% for Chuncheon, and 79.50% for Hwacheon. Since the above monitored study sites were located within the conservation shelters, which restricted access by humans, unauthorized collection of C. japonicum, the biggest threat to the species, was not reflected in the individual viability. So, the risk of extinction in Korea is expected to be significantly higher than that estimated in this study. Therefore, it is necessary to reflect population information in several regions that may represent various threats to determine the extinction risk of the C. japonicum population objectively. In the future, we should expand the demographic monitoring of the C. japonicum population known in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.23-29
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• 2015

To fulfill the need for reuse indigenous tree to mitigate the elimination of nature forests due to road construction, one representative method for this reuse is to transplant them and re-establish in similar conditions. In order to investigate the transplant and establishment of indigenous tree, a correlation and regression analysis was conducted by species and tree size. Data were collected for 6 years(2008~2013) in 7 construction sites in cooperation with the Korea Expressway Corporation. Regarding the transplanted indigenous trees status, the success rate of transplant was 15,519(69%) of 22,521. The tree most transplanted was Pinus densiflora(15,562), followed by Quercus spp.(6,156), Prunus sargentii(235), and P. thunbergii(154). P. densiflora and P. thunbergii belong to the conifer group while Quercus spp., Prunus sargentii belong to the broadleaf group. As a result of a contrast test, the conifer group had a significantly lower success rate of transplant than the broadleaf group. In the relation of root collar diameter and success rate of transplant, there was the tendency that the larger the root collar diameter, the lower the success rate of transplant. This study demonstrated that there is a strong negative correlation between the two factors(r=-0.730, p>0.000). The predicted regression equation of the success rate of transplant was Y= -0.811X+88.627(X: root collar diameter, Y: success rate of transplant) and the $R^2$ value for the linear equation was 0.532.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.98 no.4
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• pp.392-398
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• 2009

Artificial Asian dust was treated in this study to compare and determine its effect on growth, photosynthesis, respiration and stomata of 5 species trees. Sophora japonica's growth and respiration using artificial Asian dust treatment which is 10 times of average contents of Asian dust: $5,000{\mu}g{\cdot}m^{-2}$ decreases after 3 weeks while no significant difference in other species. The maximum photosynthesis of Sophora japonica and Betula pendula decreased significantly after 3 weeks and 6 weeks, respectively, using artificial Asian dust treatment which is average contents of Asian dust: $500{\mu}g{\cdot}m^{-2}$. At $5,000{\mu}g{\cdot}m^{-2}$ treatment, photosynthesis of both species decreased just after treatment of artificial Asian dust. Quercus acutissima, Quercus mongolica and Acer triflorum have no significant differences. Dust was found inside the Sophora japonica's stomatas under heavy dust treatment when viewed under the light electron microscope. By scanning electron microscopy, the higher rate of stomatal opening of Sophora japonica and Betula pendula was recognized and the size of both stomatas was bigger than other species. This result means that Asian dust has an influence in decreasing the photosynthesis, respiration and growth of some species especially if the stomatas are large.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.571-578
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• 2013

This study generated regression models through a direct harvesting method to estimate carbon storage and uptake by Pinus densiflora and Pinus koraiensis, the major evergreen tree species in urban landscape, and established essential information to quantify carbon reduction by urban trees. Open-grown landscape tree individuals for each species were sampled reflecting various diameter sizes at a given interval. The study measured biomass for each part including the roots of sample trees to compute the total carbon storage per tree. Annual carbon uptake per tree was quantified by analyzing radial growth rates of stem samples at breast height. The study then derived a regression model easily applicable in estimating carbon storage and uptake per tree for the two species by using diameter at breast height (DBH) as an independent variable. All the regression models showed high fitness with $r^2$ values of higher than 0.98. While carbon storage and uptake by young trees tended to be greater for P. densiflora than for P. koraiensis in the same diameter sizes, those by mature trees with DBH sizes of larger than 20 cm showed results to the contrary due to a difference in growth rates. A tree of P. densiflora and P. koraiensis with DBH of 25 cm stored 115.6 kg and 130.0 kg of carbon, respectively, and annually sequestered 9.4 kg and 14.6 kg. The study has broken new grounds to overcome limitations of the past studies which quantified carbon reduction of the study species by substituting, due to a difficulty in direct cutting and root digging of landscape trees, coefficients from forest trees such as biomass expansion factors, ratios of below ground/above ground biomass, and diameter growth rates.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.22-30
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• 2007

It is difficult to generate DTM using aerial photographs because trees usually cover disaster occurred areas. So, this study proposed how to filter by moving window using digital aerial photographs and generate accurate DTM. The results were compared with those of adaptive filtering by commercial digital photogrammetry software (Socet set) to find out the effect of tree removal by window size in forest soil sediment disaster. And then they were compared with DTM generated from LiDAR data. As a result, it was showed that the accuracy of moving filtering DTM was lower than that of LiDAR DTM while it was higher by 6m than that of Adaptive filtering.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2022.09a
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• pp.39-39
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• 2022

기온, 강수량 등 기후변화에 따른 식물 멸종이 증가함에 따라 기후변화에 민감한 북방계식물의 중요성이 증대되고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구 대상종의 큰금매화(Trollius chinensis)는 북한 및 북방계 식물로 고산 초지에서 자생하는 미나리아재비과 여러해살이풀이며, 기후변화에 직·간접적인 영향을 받고 있는 실정이다. 이에, 큰금매화의 발아조건을 규명하여 종 복원과 대량증식법 개발을 위한 기초자료를 확보하는 데 목적이 있다. 종자의 형태학적 특성은 원형~계란형(circular~obovate)에 작은 돌기가 겹겹이 있는(Colliculate) 형태였으며, 종피는 진갈색이다. 크기는 길이 1.37±0.741mm, 너비 0.81±0.531mm이었다. 종자의 단면을 확인한 결과, 배는 작은 선형태(Axial-miniature)이었으며, 종자는 91%의 충실도를 보였으며 TZ 테스트에서 모두 배가 전체적으로 붉은색으로 염색되어 양호한 활력을 보였다. 처리구별 발아실험 전 종자 소독은 파종 전 70% 에탄올 처리 후 2%의 NaOCl을 넣어 10분 동안 소독 후 멸균수로 5회 수세하고 멸균수를 제거하여 침지처리에 사용하였다. 발아실험 결과 종자의 최종발아율(FGP)은 15/6℃ GA3 1000mg·L^-1 처리에서 40.0%로 가장 높았다. 평균발아일수(MGT)는 15/6℃ 무처리에서 22.8일로 가장 높았으며, 최종발아일의 평균은 약 9.5일로 확인되었다. 대부분 GA3 처리에서 최종발아율(FGP)이 20% 이상 높게 나타났으며, GA3 500mg·L^-1 보다는 GA3 1000mg·L^-1의 조건에서 3.3~5.5% 최종발아율(FGP)이 향상된 것으로 확인되었다. 한편, 온도 조건 25/15℃ 무처리에서는 발아가 확인되지 않았다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.4-4
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• 1974

In this paper, the microscopic structure of wood was investigated for following species in Malaysia.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.486-498
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• 2019

This study was conducted to investigate the leaf growth and flowering characteristics of 85 Hosta cultivars. The 85 cultivars were grown in a pot in Useful Plant Resources Center in Yangpyeong, Korea. H. 'Abiqua Blue Crinkles', H. 'Abiqua Drinking Gourd', H. 'Dancing in the Rain', H. 'Elegance', H. 'Inniswood', and H. 'Venus' were classified as a large size group (> 50 cm), while 27 cultivars including H. 'Abby', H. 'Birchwood Parky's Gold', H. 'Blue Cadet', and H. 'Blue Edge' were classified as a small size group (< 20 cm). The others were classified as a medium size groups. 79% of Hosta cultivars had leaf variegation. Leaf variegation type was divided into 5 types (standard, marginata, mediovarigata, albomaculata, striata). Among them 31 cultivars including H. 'Abby', H. 'Abiqua Moonbeam', and H. 'Atlantis' has a variegation type of marginata in the leaf. 36 cultivars including H. 'Abby', H. 'Abiqua Drinking Gourd', and H.'Abiqua Moonbeam' bloomed in late May and 9 cultivars including H. 'Black Hills', H. 'Boeun', and H. 'Fragrant Bouquet' started to flower on late August. Most flowers were below 3.0 cm in length, while H. 'Avocado' was longest on 10.0 cm. Most flowers have a lavender color group (63.5%), and 14 cultivars of Hosta showed white color group (16.5%). 12 cultivars including H. 'Blue Mouse Ears', H. 'Captain Kirk', and H. 'Fragrant Bouquet' had the fragrance in their flowers. H. 'Cherry Berry' and H. 'Revolution' had a colorful stalk, red and yellow, respectively.