• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.451-464
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• 2008

Three-phase inverse fluidized bed has been widely adopted with its increasing demand in the fields of bioreactor, fermentation process, wastewater treatment process, absorption and adsorption processes, where the fluidized or suspended particles are small or lower density comparing with that of continuous liquid phase, since the particles are frequently substrate, contacting medium or catalyst carrier. However, there has been little attention on the three-phase inverse fluidized beds even on the hydrodynamics. Needless to say, the information on the hydrodynamics and transport phenomena such as heat and mass transfer in the inverse fluidized beds has been essential for the operation, design and scale-up of various reactors and processes which are employing the three-phase inverse beds. In the present article, thus, the information on the three-phase inverse fluidized beds has been summarized and reorganized to suggest a pre-requisite knowledge for the field work in a sense of engineering point of view. The article is composed of three parts; hydrodynamics, heat and mass transfer characteristics of three-phase inverse fluidized beds. Effects of operating variables on the phase holdup, bubble properties and particle fluctuating frequency and dispersion were discussed in the section of hydrodynamics; effects of operating variables on the heat transfer coefficient and on the heat transfer model were discussed in the section of heat transfer characteristics ; and in the section of mass transfer characteristics, effects of operating variables on the liquid axial dispersion and volumetric liquid phase mass transfer coefficient were examined. In each section, correlations to predict the hydrodynamic characteristics such as minimum fluidization velocity, phase holdup, bubble properties and particle fluctuating frequency and dispersion and heat and mass transfer coefficients were suggested. And finally suggestions have been made for the future study for the application of three-phase inverse fluidized bed in several available fields to meet the increasing demands of this system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.366-368
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• 2000

연안 매립을 포함하는 방파제의 건설이나 호안의 건설은 자연적인 해류의 흐름을 방해하는 인위적 교란으로 나타나며 그에 따른 수력학적 변화에 의해 퇴적학적 특성은 물론 지형학적 변화를 유발하게 된다. 이러한 물리적 환경의 변화가 저서생물의 유생의 분포, 먹이입자의 퇴적작용, 그리고 퇴적상의 변화를 초래하고 결국 저서동물군집의 구조에 변화를 주게 된다(Seys et al., 1994). (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.408-409
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• 2000

연안 매립을 포함하는 방파제의 건설이나 호안의 건설은 자연적인 해류의 흐름을 방해하는 인위적 교란으로 나타나며 그에 따른 수력학적 변화에 의해 퇴적학적 특성은 물론 지형학적 변화를 유발하게 된다. 이러한 물리적 환경의 변화가 저서생물의 유생의 분포, 먹이입자의 퇴적작용, 그리고 퇴적상의 변화를 초래하고 결국 저서동물군집의 구조에 변화를 주게 된다 (Seys et al., 1994). (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.410-411
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• 2000

연안 매립을 포함하는 방파제의 건설이나 호안의 축조는 자연적인 해류의 흐름을 방해하는 인위적 교란으로서 그에 따른 수력학적 변화에 의해 퇴적학적 특성은 물론 지형학적 변화를 유발하게 된다. 이러한 물리적 환경의 변화가 저서생물의 유생의 분포. 먹이 입자의 퇴적작용, 그리고 퇴적상의 변화를 초래하고 결국 저서동물군집의 구조에 변화를 주게 된다(Seys et al., 1994). (중략)

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.664-667
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• 2009

The Francis type hydro turbine with vertical axis has been designed and analized for hydraulic performance verification. The guide vane angle of turbine casing were designed to be varied according to the condition of head and flowrate. When the changes in flowrate and output were comparatively large, the efficiency drop were small, so the efficiency characteristics and stability of the entire operating condition were maintained in good condition. These results showed that the developed hydro turbine in this study will be suitable for small hydro power stations with medium and high head such as agricultural reservoirs and large dam.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.289-294
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• 2001

A well defined electro-spraying and electro-static precipitator(ESP) experiment is carried out to investigate the charging characteristics of the submicron particles and the monodisperse particles. The basic idea is that the highly charged electro-sprayed droplets will be produced into the gas when the Coulombic repulsive force on the surface is higher than the surface tension of the spraying liquid. During this process many highly charged smaller droplets or ions, if the droplets are completely dried out, will be produced in the space. These charged species will be attached ion the particles and then eventually charge the particles. These charged particles will be easily collected with ESP. The experimental results show that the atomizer generated particles with geometric mean diameter (GMD) of 62nm are charged more than 90% even at the mean face velocity of 2.5m/s at the charging zone.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.26-26
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• 2000

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.263-273
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• 1992

The study on the velocity distribution and the pressure drop characteristic of the nuclear fuel assembly is of importance for the thermal hydraulic design and safety analysis. The purpose of this experimental study is to investigate the hydraulic mixing behind the different kinds of spacer grids in the now or rod bundles. In this study, the detailed hydraulic characteristics in subchannels of 5$\times$5 PWR(Pressurized Water Reactor) rod bundles were measured using one-component He-Ne LDV(Laser Doppler Velocimeter). Measurements of the axial velocity, turbulent intensities and pressure drops were peformed Lateral velocity, turbulent intensities and Reynolds shear stress were also measured by adjust-ing LDV alignment. Friction factors in rod bundles and loss coefficients for spacer grids were evaluated from the measured pressure drops. Hydraulic mixing performance for different kinds of spacer grids could be investigated by estimating the turbulent cross-flow mixing rates between neighboring subchannels.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.173-182
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• 1999

Internally Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustor(ICFBC) has been used for the incineration of waste sewage sludge. In this study hydrodynamic characteristics of two phase flow have been studied in a riser section of ICFBC. A lab-scale riser(l/5 scale of pilot plant) is designed and SiC (Geldart type B) is used for solid particles. Experiments are performed by controlling the fluidization parameters including superficial velocity, particle diameter and secondary air to primary air ratio for determination of solid holdup profiles in the riser. Our flow regime during experiments mainly belongs to the onset of turbulent regime(for d_{p}:300{\mu}m) and fast fluidization regime(for d_{p}:100{\mu}m). Superficial velocities of each regime are well agreed with results obtained by other researches. The results show that the axial solid holdup distributions calculated by measuring differential static pressures in the riser are found to show a basic profile described by a simple exponential function. As the particle size decreases, solid holdup along the riser is more uniformly distributed. To prove these experimental results, numerical calculations are being performed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.186-190
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• 2006

This study was performed to investigate the characteristics of a co-axial swirl injector. Especially to predict the initial liquid sheet thickness and spray cone angle of an outer orifice a concept of effective area was introduced from hydraulic analysis. In addition, the parameters determining the characteristics of a co-axial swirl injector were re-defined around outer orifice. The calculated results-SMD, spray cone angle, and spray thickness agreed well with the test results qualitatively.