• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.435-455
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine the publication, composition, method of composition, and acceptance patterns of JujaDaejeon anthologies edited by Joseon scholars in the Joseon dynasty. When a large amount of JujaDaejeon was published in the 16^th century, anthologies of JujajaDaejeon was compiled, published and learned as a way to understand it. A total of 13 kinds of JujajaDaejeon anthologies were published, including six kinds in the early Joseon period and seven kinds in the late Joseon period. And the composition of main anthologies showed a trend that was supplemented by Jeong Gyeong-se's Jumunjakhae from Lee Hwang's Jujaseojeolyo, and aggregated into Song Si-yeol's Jeoljaktongpyeon(boyu). JujaDaejeon consists of total 3,645 works except for poems. Among them, 1,734 works were selected by 13 anthologies. The theme of a work with a high cumulative number of selections is the virtue and attitude of the king, policy proposals, the appointment of talent, the duty of subjects, criteria for evaluating historical figures, opposition to harmony with Jin and territorial restoration, and academic discussions. This study is expected to be meaningful in the field of the research on the acceptance of the foreign books and acceptance of the Zhu Xi's works in the Joseon dynasty.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.34-40
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• 2003

Objective: To analyze the treatment-related parameters after the radiotherapy of T1N0 squamous cell carcinoma of the glottic larynx. Materials and Methods: Between October 1989 and August 2000, 54 patients with histologically proven T1N0 squamous cell carcinoma of the glottic larynx who received definitive radiation therapy in Department of Radiation Oncology, Asan Medical Center were analyzed. They were all males with age ranged from 31 to 80 years (median 61 years). 1997 AJCC stages were 31 T1a, 23 T1b. Patients were treated with 4-MV X-rays with a parallel-opposed two-field technique. Ten patients received 66.0-68.4Gy at 1.2Gy per fraction twice daily, 21 patients received 64.8-66.6Gy at 1.8Gy per fraction once daily, and 23 patients received 66.0Gy at 2.0Gy per fraction once daily. Follow-up period was 16-119 months (median 56 months). Results: 5-year overall survival and local control rates for patients with T1 lesions were 87.0% and 88.5%, respectively. 5-year local control with larynx preservation rate was 90.5%. Host and tumor-related prognostic factors including age, stage, anterior commissure involvement and tumor bulk proved not to be significant. Only shorter overall treatment time among treatment-related factors had correlation with imporved local control. Conclusion: Comparable high local control rate with organ preservation was achieved with primary radiation therapy and salvage surgery. Shortening of overall treatment time is related to improved local control rate. To determine the optimal fractionation scheme, randomized trial is mandatory.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.58-62
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• 2003

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of positron emission tomography with 2-[F-18] fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose in discrimination of response in the nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients who treated with radiotherapy. Methods and Materials: Twenty-four patients who underwent FDG-PET scan before and after radiotherapy for no disseminated head and neck carcinoma at the Asan Medical Center between August 2001 and September 2002 were evaluate by prospective analysis. First FDG-PET scan performed before radiotherapy within 1 month, and second FDG-PET scan performed 1 month after radiotherapy. FDG-PET images were analyzed by standard uptake value (SUV). Follow-up period was more than 6 months. Results: The pretreatment SUV was 3.4-14.0 (median: 6.0) and posttreatment SUV was ground level-7.7 (median: 2.0). The overall sensitivity and specicity of FDG-PET to evaluate residual tumors in the nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients were 94% and 94%. Conclusion: FDG-PET is effective in evaluation of radiation response in the nasopharyngeal carcinoma. We think that the timing of one month after finished radiotherapy FDG-PET scan was not too fast to evaluation of radiation response.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2003

Purpose: To introduce our early experience with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods and Materials: Eight patients who underwent IMRT for no disseminated nasopharyngeal carcinoma at the Asan Medical Center between September 2001 and November 2002 were evaluate by prospective analysis. According to the 1997 American Joint Committee on Cancer staging classification, 5 had Stage III, and 3 had Stage IVB disease. The IMRT plans were designed to be delivered as a 'Simultaneous Modulated Accelerated Radiation Therapy' (SMART) using the 'step and shoot' technique with a MLC (multileaf collimator). Daily fractions of 2.2-2.5Gy and 1.9-2Gy were prescribed and delivered to the GTV and CTV and clinically negative neck node, respectively. The prescribed dose was 70A-79.0Gy to the gross tumor volume (GTV), 60Gy to the clinical target volume (CTV) and metastatic nodal station, and 46Gy to the clinically negative neck. All patients also received weekly cisplatin during radiotherapy. Acute and late normal tissue effects were graded according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) radiation morbidity scoring criteria. Results: Follow-up period was ranging from 5 to 18 months. All patients showed complete response and loco-regional control rate was 100% but one patient died of malnutrition due to treatment related toxicity. There were no Grade 3 or 4 xerostomia and all patients had experienced improvement of salivary gland function. Conclusion: 'Simultaneous Modulated Accelerated Radiation Therapy' (SMART) boost intensity-modulated radiotherapy technique allows parotid sparing as evidenced both clinically and by dosimetry. Initial tumor response and loco-regional control was promising. It is clinically feasible. A larger population of patients and a long-term follow-up are needed to evaluate ultimate tumor control and late toxicity.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.105
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• pp.291-320
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• 2008

이 글은 2004년 충남대학교 국사학과 한국학술진흥재단 기초학문지원 마을사연구의 공동연구 작업에 의한 연구 성과물이다. 연구 대상 마을인 충남 논산시 노성면 병사리는 17세기 호서지역의 3대거족의 하나인 파평윤씨노종오방파(坡平尹氏魯宗五房派)가 세거했던 마을이다. 이 마을의 대표적인 유학자로는 우암(尤庵) 송시열(宋時烈)과 40년 동문사이인 노서(魯西) 윤선거(尹宣擧)와 그의 아들인 명재(明齋) 윤증(尹拯)이 있고, 그 외 파평윤씨노종오방파의 유서와 전통을 이어갈 수 있도록 토대를 닦은 동토(童土) 윤순거(尹舜擧) 등이 있다. 그리고 이 글의 주제 인물인 둔옹(鈍翁) 윤지(尹指)는 동토(童土) 윤순거(尹舜擧)의 아들이다. 특히 윤지(尹指)는 동토(童土) 선생의 서자로 태어났지만 명재(明齋) 윤증(尹拯)의 뒤를 이어 노종오방파(魯宗五房派)의 종중서당(宗中書堂)인 종학당(宗學堂)의 사장(師長)을 지낸 인물이다. 적서의 차별이 엄연함에도 불구하고, 파평윤씨노종오방파(坡平尹氏魯宗五房派) 자제들의 교육을 총책임지는 막중한 소임을 맡았던 것이다. 그 결과 그가 사장(師長)으로 있는 동안 수많은 과거 급제자들을 배출하였을 뿐만 아니라 선대에 이루어 놓은 가학적 전통을 후세에 전할 수 있는 매개자 역할을 훌륭하게 수행했다. 그러나 그동안 윤지(尹指)의 사장(師長)으로서의 생애와 학문 활동에 대해서는 전연 알려지지 않은 채 베일에 가리어져 왔다. 그러던 중 그의 대표저서인 "둔옹집(鈍翁集)" 이 그의 사후 200 여년 이 지난 1916년에 8대 족손 윤구병(尹龜炳) 윤혜병(尹惠炳) 등에 의해 간행되었다. 이에 그의 학문이 세상에 알려질 수 있는 계기가 되었던 것이다. "둔옹집(鈍翁集)"은 "연소천지문답(演小天地問答")과 동몽문답(童蒙問答) 등 두 편으로 구성된 문집인데, "연소천지문답(演小天地問答)"은 4권 1책, 약 13만 여자 분량으로 그 주요 내용은 한의학과 관련된 내용이 주로 되어 있고, 동몽문답(童蒙問答)은 1권 1책 약 7,600여 자 분량으로 주역(周易)의 기본 구성원리인 음양오행설을 자문자답의 형식을 빌려 소개하고 있다. 이 글의 전반부는 둔옹(鈍翁) 윤지(尹指)의 생애를 소개한 후 중반부 이후부터 그의 음양오행에 대한 이해를 소개하였다. 그리고 파평윤씨노종파 3人(윤선거(尹宣擧) 윤증(尹拯) 윤지(尹指))의 주역 이해를 통해 그들의 가학의 일단을 엿보았다. 다만 이글은 둔옹(鈍翁) 윤지(尹指) 연구의 효시(嚆矢)로써 그의 철학의 구체적인 내용 보다는 그의 생애와 개략적인 학문 활동을 소개하는 것에 초점을 맞추었다. 차후 그의 철학의 핵심이 담겨져 있는 "연소천지문답(演小天地問答)"은 장차 한의학 분야 전공자와의 공동연구를 통해 소개해야 할 것이다.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.59
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• pp.57-92
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• 2015

This study looked into the process by which Haseo(河西) Kim In-hoo(金麟厚:1510~1560), a neo-confucian scholar of mid Joseon Dynasty, was recognized and adored as an inheritor of traditional academic genealogy of neo-confucianism of Joseon Dynasty. I intended to examine the process of personal embodiment affected or excluded in certain manners by various materials covering the lifetime of bygone persons based on the process of such embodiment. The part related to childhood of Haseo was arranged newly to highlight solid relationship between Kim In-hoo and King Injong(仁宗). That was because Kim In-hoo raised the issue of loyalty and fidelity, one of the most important and most contentious issues at that time, in connection with reinstatement of GimyoSarim(己卯士林, progressive political faction with young officials), and King Injong was the king who reinstated Gimyo Sarim. That played a decisive role in establishing the image of Haseo, a classical scholar with unwavering integrity and loyalty. During the Late Joseon Dynasty, canonization of Haseo was made under the leadership of King Jeongjo(正祖) and Seoin(西人) in royal court. In the 17th century, Seoin scholars revised the materials related to lifetime of Kim In-hoo in various way and proofread and published the collection of literary works by Kim In-hoo. That aimed to establish scholastic system associated with Seoin and legitimacy of study as pursued by Seoin. This made progress with adoration towards scholars affiliated with Seoin, including Yulgok(栗谷) Lee Yi(李珥). Finally, King Jeongjo showed strong intention to take the lead as sovereign in the process while Haseo was canonized into national academy in the 18th century. That came from the desire to solidify his status as a teacher who took pride in taking responsibility for the dynasty's authentic study, as well as the king heading the dynasty politically.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.315-325
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• 2021

Yeonjae(淵齋) Song Byeong-seon(宋秉璿, 1836-1905) was the ninth-generation descendant of Uam (尤庵) Song Si-yeol (宋時烈). During his lifetime, he gained the trust of Yu-rim(儒林) and was called to the court several times. However, he eventually refused an official] post and spent his life cultivating his studies in the wild. When the Eulsa Treaty(乙巳條約) was signed on November 17, Yeonjae pleaded with King Gojong about the abolition of the treaty. And on the morning of December 30, Yeon-jae committed suicide at his old house in Hoedeok(懷德). At this time, Yeon-jae sent the final appeal to the king, leaving a message to the king, the people, and Yu-rim about the restoration of national sovereignty, fulfilling his duties as a leader of Sarim(士林). After that, in 1962, Yeonjae was awarded the Order of Independence Medal of National Founding. Song Byeong-seon's excursions took place throughout his life. 22 long and short travelogues are existed today. The excursions were mainly done by land, so most of them rode horses or mules. He sometimes used floats or kilns. But he sometimes knew how to use the waterways effectively. This is because in some travel reports, routes using inland waterways and sea routes appear. The journey of the series continues all the way to finding the relics of his ancestors. In this process, it is clear that he reaffirmed its mission of succession to the family and promised to be a part of the brilliant feat of the ancestors. In addition, the reading of the scriptures and Neo-Confucian discussion were added to the excursions. His excursions continued as a means of publicizing and expanding the Neo-Confucian worldview. Thus, Yeonjae inherited the spirit of John Wangyangi(尊王攘夷) left by his ancestors, and finally raised the banner of Wijeongcheoksa(衛正斥邪) high. And he resolutely set out on the road to death for the country.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2024

Objectives : We aimed to study the effect of Smilax China L.(SCL), which has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer effects, on the growth of skin cancer cells. Methods : HaCaT cells, a normal human cell line, and skin cancer cells including A431, SK-MEL-5 and SK-MEL-28 cells were treated with Smilax China L. ethanol extract(SCL-EtOH) at concentrations of 5, 10, 20 and 40㎍/㎖. Meanwhile, JB6 Cl41, a normal mouse epithelial cell line, was treated with epidermal growth factor(EGF) and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate(TPA), an inflammatory factor, to induce cell transformation and treated with SCL-EtOH. In addition, we treated SK-MEL-5 and SK-MEL-28 cells with SCL-EtOH at various concentrations and checked the effect on the cell cycle. Results : As a result, it showed no toxicity to HaCaT cells up to the highest concentration of 40㎍/㎖, and significant cell growth inhibition to A431, SK-MEL-5 and SK-MEL-28 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. In addition, as a result of checking the shape of skin cancer cells according to SCL-EtOH treatment, it was observed that as the concentration increased, the number of normally attached and growing cells decreased and the shape of the cells changed. Colony formation was significantly reduced in a concentration-dependent manner in JB6 Cl41 cells treated with EGF or TPA. Flow cytometry analysis with propidium iodide(PI) staining showed that SCL-EtOH induced the G2/M phase arrest. We further confirmed the decrease in Cyclin B1 expression and increase in p27 expression associated with the G2/M phase of the cell cycle through western blot analysis. Flow cytometry analysis confirmed that SCL-EtOH induced cell apoptosis. Furthermore, through Western blot analysis, it was observed that the expression of cleaved-caspase-7, which is related to apoptosis, increased. Finally, it was confirmed that the expression of COX-2, an inflammatory marker protein, decreased in a concentration-dependent manner with SCL-EtOH. Conclusions : Through the above results, we have established a basis for applying SCL to the treatment of skin cancer.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.259-268
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• 1988

Clay deposits in the vicinity of the Gwangpo Bay, southern coast of Korea, occur restrictively in anorthositic masses. Laumontite and meta-halloysite are the predominant clay minerals with iron oxides at the uppermost surface. Chlorite and halloysite occur in deeper zone. Beneath the main clay horizon, but not above, some anorthositic rocks are pervasively altered to quartz, sericite, chlorite, pyrite and montmorillonite along the hydrothermal channels. The hypotheses of hydrothermal and weathering origins of the clay minerals are tested by multi-component equilibrium calculations of the reactions of modified hydrothermal water and rain water with anorthositic rocks at $100^{\circ}C\;and\;25^{\circ}C$, respectively. The calculated mineralogy from the reaction with rain water resembles natural mineral assemblage except for abundance in laumontite. The result implies that the weathering process is the main machanism of the formation of clay deposits in the area.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.100-109
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• 2014

In stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), the accurate location of treatment sites should be guaranteed from the respiratory motions of patients. Lots of studies on this topic have been conducted. In this letter, a new verification method simulating the real respiratory motion of heterogenous treatment regions was proposed to investigate the accuracy of lung SBRT for Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy. Based on the CT images of lung cancer patients, lung phantoms were fabricated to equip in $QUASAR^{TM}$ respiratory moving phantom using 3D printer. The phantom was bisected in order to measure 2D dose distributions by the insertion of EBT3 film. To ensure the dose calculation accuracy in heterogeneous condition, The homogeneous plastic phantom were also utilized. Two dose algorithms; Analytical Anisotropic Algorithm (AAA) and AcurosXB (AXB) were applied in plan dose calculation processes. In order to evaluate the accuracy of treatments under respiratory motion, we analyzed the gamma index between the plan dose and film dose measured under various moving conditions; static and moving target with or without gating. The CT number of GTV region was 78 HU for real patient and 92 HU for the homemade lung phantom. The gamma pass rates with 3%/3 mm criteria between the plan dose calculated by AAA algorithm and the film doses measured in heterogeneous lung phantom under gated and no gated beam delivery with respiratory motion were 88% and 78%. In static case, 95% of gamma pass rate was presented. In the all cases of homogeneous phantom, the gamma pass rates were more than 99%. Applied AcurosXB algorithm, for heterogeneous phantom, more than 98% and for homogeneous phantom, more than 99% of gamma pass rates were achieved. Since the respiratory amplitude was relatively small and the breath pattern had the longer exhale phase than inhale, the gamma pass rates in 3%/3 mm criteria didn't make any significant difference for various motion conditions. In this study, the new phantom model of 4D dose distribution verification using patient-specific lung phantoms moving in real breathing patterns was successfully implemented. It was also evaluated that the model provides the capability to verify dose distributions delivered in the more realistic condition and also the accuracy of dose calculation.