• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.173-182
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• 2016

Although the ecosystem extends numerous functions for the benefit of humankind, construction of horticultural facilities can potentially lead to the degeneration of some of these functions owing to the expansion of impervious regions and loss of habitats. Thus, this study aimed to examine the effect of construction of horticultural facilities on plant biodiversity. Analysis of the vegetation distribution characteristics showed that horticultural facilities had significantly lower plant diversity than did rice paddies. Hence, the proposed approach involved low-impact development, arrangement of habitat space, plant preservation, restricted use of chemical fertilizer, habitat creation, and reduced preservation cost. Lifestyle analysis suggested the importance of developing favorable environments for the growth of annual plants and aquatic plants. In all, 20 species of naturalized plants belonging to 10 families were identified. Furthermore, the proportion of these naturalized plants was higher in glass greenhouses and multi-span greenhouses, suggesting the advantages of employing natural soil mulching while avoiding concrete mulching. Statistical analysis was performed to validate the results, which suggested that impervious regions be converted to natural soils. Collectively, the findings of this study are expected to be used for establishing policies for the construction of eco-friendly and ecological horticultural facilities; this may aid the maintenance of sustainable agricultural landscapes and large-scale development of the reclaimed lands.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.1565-1569
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• 2008

지난 수십 년 동안, 아시아 태평양 지역 각국은 수자원 접근성 및 인프라의 확충을 포함한 물관리의 다양한 측면에서 현저히 발전하였다고 평가되고 있다. 그러나 급속한 인구 증가 및 경제 성장, 도시화, 기존 수자원의 고갈 등은 아태 지역의 물 수요가 여전히 충족시키지 못하는 원인이다. 또한 기후변화로 인한 환경적 변화를 고려하여 모든 수자원정책의 입안 및 계획이 이루어져야 한다. 경제적 성장률은 전반적으로 높았지만 빈곤 문제는 역시 도시나 농촌을 구분할 것 없이 만성적인 문제로 남아 있으며, 아태 지역 개도국 인구의 16%가 영양실조 상태이며, 2015년까지 그 수를 반감하자는 밀레니엄 개발목표(Millenium Development Goals, MDGs) 달성은 아직 갈 길이 멀다. 또한 아태 지역은 물 관련 재해에 대해 전 세계에서 가장 취약한 지역이며 그로 인한 지속가능한 발전이 지체되고 있다. 1960년부터 2006년까지 물 관련 재해로 인한 전 세계 사상자의 80%에 달하는 60만 명의 사상이 아태 지역에서 발생하였으며, 80억 달러의 경제적 손실이 있었다. 홍수, 가뭄, 쓰나미, 폭풍, 해일 등으로 인한 사회경제적 피해는 최근 들어 더욱 확산되고 있다. 지난 10년간의 급속한 인구 증가로 많은 인구가 범람지대 및 기타 재해 취약 지역에 거주하게 되었으며, 이는 물 인프라 확충을 위한 많은 투자를 요하고 있다. 2006년 3월 멕시코에서 개최된 제4차 세계물포럼의 지역별 추진과정에서 아태 지역은 생태계, 인구, 정치적 제도 및 사회경제적 환경 등 각국의 다양성이 이와 같은 공통된 물문제 해결에 기반이 될 수 있는 요소임에 공감하고 지속적인 수자원 확보와 올바른 수자원관리에 공동의 노력을 기울여 효율적인 메커니즘을 구성을 통해 아태 지역의 사회경제적 발전을 촉구하기로 하였다. 이에 아시아 태평양 물포럼(Asia-Pacific Water Forum)이라는 새로운 이니셔티브가 구성되었고 물 관련 재원 조달 및 인프라 확보를 통해 국경을 초월하는 협력을 증진하고 재해 관리와 조화로운 수자원 개발과 생태 보호등을 위한 일관된 수자원정책 수립과 프로그램 개발 등을 목표로 설정하여 활동을 시작하였다. 아시아 태평양 물정상회의(이하 아태 물정상회의, Asia-Pacific Water Summit(APWS))는 이러한 목표 달성을 구체화하기 위해 각국의 지도자 및 정책입안자에 밀레니엄 개발목표(MDGs) 달성을 위해 물 문제가 얼마나 중요한지 부각시키고 실질적인 정책 결정에 기여하기 위해 제안되었다. 제1차 아태 물정상회의가 2007년 12월 3-4일 양일에 걸쳐 일본 벳부에서 개최되었고, 2008년 G8 정상회담이나 2009년 제5차 세계물포럼에 직접적으로 연계되어 지역 협력을 주도한 가운데 아태 지역 뿐 아니라 전 지구적으로 인류 및 사회 발전을 위한 이정표로 새로운 수자원 네트워크 발돋움의 계기가 되었다.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2011

We investigated the quality characteristics of cookies prepared after addition of various concentrations of used coffee grounds (0%, 1%, 3%, and 5%, all w/w) as a substitute for flour. As coffee grounds concentration rose, decrease in the pH of cookie dough was evident. In terms the water-holding capacity of dough, cookies prepared 3% (w/w) coffee grounds yielded the highest value. With an increase in coffee grounds concentration, the color a value rose, but the L and b values fell. The gelatinization temperature became higher, but both peak viscosity and 15 min-height values declined. The spread and loss ratios decreased but the leavening rate rose significantly with elevation of coffee grounds concentration. The hardness of cookies rose but slightly, as coffee grounds concentration rose. Upon sensory evaluation of all of appearance, flavor, and overall preference, cookies prepared with addition of used coffee grounds were superior to those without grounds, whereas those prepared using 1%-3%(w/w) coffee grounds showed the highest overall acceptability. Thus cookies made using coffee grounds can be economically competitive. In addition, the ingredients of coffee powder and used coffee grounds were shown to be very similar, except that coffee grounds contain 15-fold less caffeine than dose coffee powder. As health concerns are popular today, the use of coffee grounds to manufacture processed food may be acceptable.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.411-422
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• 2015

This paper presents an overview of the geological environment investigation and underwater acoustic measurements for the purpose of "Study on the Relationship between the Geological Environment and Acoustic Propagation in Shallow Water", which are jointly carried out by KIOST (Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology) and Hanyang University in the western shallow water off the Taean peninsula in the Yellow Sea in April-May 2013. The experimental site was made up of various sediment types and bedforms due to the strong tidal currents and coastal geomorphological characteristics. The geological characteristics of the study area were intensively investigated using multi-beam echo sounder, sub-bottom profiler, sparker system and grab sampler. Acoustic measurements with a wide range of research topics in a frequency range of 20~16,000 Hz: 1) low frequency sound propagation, 2) mid-frequency bottom loss, 3) spatial coherence analysis of ambient noise, and 4) mid- frequency bottom backscattering were performed using low- and mid-frequency sound sources and vertical line array. This paper summarizes the topics that motivated the experiment, methodologies of the acoustic measurements, and acoustic data analysis based on the measured geological characteristics, and describes summary results of the geological, meteorological, and oceanographic conditions found during the experiments.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2004

The annealing-temperature dependence of magnetic properties in compressed powder cores being composed of ball-milled F $e_{73.5}$C $u_1$N $b_3$S $i_{15.5}$ $B_{7}$ alloy powders (size 250∼850${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) and 5 wt% of ceramic insulators has been investigated. When annealed at 5$50^{\circ}C$ for 1 h and so transformed to $\alpha$-Fe phase nanocrystalline structure with the grain size of 11 nm (electrical resistivity : 110 $\mu$Ω$.$cm), the highest effective permeability of 125 and quality factor of 53 were obtained, and the permeability persisted up to about 500 KHz. Further the core loss measured at the frequency of 50 KHz and the induction amplitude of 0.1 T was very low (230 mW/㎤). However the dc bias characteristics was not satisfactory as compared to that of conventional powder core materials(MPP, Sendust etc.). The inferior dc bias property of F $e_{73.5}$C $u_1$N $b_3$S $i_{15.5}$ $B_{7}$ alloy powder cores was attributed to the fact that the size of powder was too large for obtaining the same permeability with that of conventional materials.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.102-112
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• 2010

The existing K-CASH system doesn't allow compatible between different regions, different public transportations and the technologies made by different operators. If a K-cash user wants to use public transportation charged not by K-CASH but other operator, then he or she would have to get other type of card available for that transportation. Also, the incompatibility of the existing K-CASH might cause unnecessary expense because similar systems would have to be doubly constructed if the K-CASH operator would like to install the K-CASH system on the same infra as the other operators already did. As a result, a system which allows people to use just one card for their convenience regardless of regions, types of transportation and operators has been strongly demanded. In this paper, we developed Nation-wide Interoperable K-Cash system, Nation-wide Interoperable K-CASH Card, Purchase terminal, Purchase SAM and Settlement system that were updated from the existing K-CASH system. And we performed a conformity test to confirm performance. Also Korea Financial Telecommunications & Clearings and the KORAIL NETWARKS and the HiPlusCard joined for the testbed in Gwangju for 6 months. This result of testbed finally proved that the Nation-wide Interoperable K-CASH system is completely compatible.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.521-530
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• 2011

Since aircraft fuel tanks have many interfaces connected to the airframe as well as the fuel system, they have been considered as one of the system-dependent critical components. Crashworthy fuel tanks have been widely implemented to rotorcraft and rendered a great contribution for improving the survivability of crews and passengers. Since the embryonic stage of military rotorcraft history began, the US army has developed and practised a detailed military specification documenting the unique crashworthiness requirements for rotorcraft fuel tanks to prevent most, hopefully all, fatality due to post-crash fire. The mandatory crash impact test required by the relevant specification, MIL-DTL-27422D, has been recognized as a non-trivial mission and caused inevitable delay of a number of noticeable rotorcraft development programs such as that of V-22. The crash impact test itself takes a long-term preparation efforts together with costly fuel tank specimens. Thus a series of numerical simulations of the crash impact test with digital mock-ups is necessary even at the early design stage to minimize the possibility of trial-and-error with full-scale fuel tanks. In the present study the crash impact simulation of a few fuel tank configurations is conducted with the commercial package, Autodyn, and the resulting equivalent stresses and internal pressures are evaluated in detail to suggest a design improvement for the fuel tank configuration.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.342-348
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• 2004

It is very important for hemodialysis in patients with end stage renal disease to obtain vascular access that resists repeated punctures and maintains adequate blood flow. This study was designed to indentify factors that may influence early patency rate of autogenous arteriovenous fistula. Material and Method: 49 cases in 47 patients who underwent radiocephalic fistula formation in our hospital from June 2002 through May 2003 were reviewed and analyzed. Result: The early patency rate was 79.6%. Age, sex, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus were not significant factors for patency. Body mass index and duration of hypertension and diabetes did not influence the early results either. Cephalic vein diameter measured preoperatively and blood flow at radio-cephalic fistula were significantly positive correlative factors. Groups with the vein diameter less than 2.7mm, or with the blood flow less than 100 mL/min had significantly lower early patency rate than the other groups. Conclusion: To improve early patency rate of radiocephalic fistula, large sized cephalic vein should be selected and if the intraoperative flow at radiocephalic fistula is less than 100 mL/min, another arteriovenous fistula formation should be considered.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.835-842
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• 2009

DVB-SSP is a new broadcasting system for hybrid satellite communications, which supports mobile handheld systems and fixed terrestrial systems. However, a critical factor must be considered in upper layer decoding which including erasure Reed-Solomon error correction combined with cyclic redundancy check. If there is only one bit error in an IP packet, the entire IP packet is considered as unreliable bytes, even if it contains correct bytes. IF, for example, there is one real byte error, in an If packet of 512 bytes, 511 correct bytes are erased from the frame. Therefore, this paper proposed two kinds of upper layer decoding methods; LLR-based decoding and hybrid decoding. By means of simulation we show that the performance of the proposed decoding algorithm is superior to that of the conventional one.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 1986

This paper described an improved technical method required for proper evaluation of personnel exposures by means of the photographic dosimeter developed by KAERI in lower gamma or X-ray energy regions, with which response of the dosimeter varies significantly. With calibration of the dosimeter in the energy range from 30 to 300 keV, the beam spectrum was carefully selected and specified it adequately. The absorber combinations and absorber thickness used to obtain the specified X-ray spectra from a constant potential X-ray machine were determined theoretically and also experimentally. A correlation between the density and exposure for the four separate energies, such as $49\;keV_{eff},\;154\;keV_{eff}\;250\;keV_{eff}\;and\;662\;keV$, is experimentally determined. As a result, it can be directly evaluated the exposure from the measured response of dosimeter.