• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.35 no.10
• /
• pp.1229-1235
• /
• 2011

Fatigue tests were conducted on the aluminum alloy, A7075-T6 to determine the most reliable fretting fatigue damage parameter. Specimens with grooves were used, so that either fretting fatigue crack at the pad/specimen interface or plain fatigue crack at the groove could be nucleated, depending on the pad pressure. Both the crack nucleation location and initial crack orientation were examined using optical microscopy, and the results were used to assess the reliability of the various fretting fatigue damage parameters that have been most commonly used in the literature. Finite element analysis was employed to obtain the stress and strain data of the specimen, which were needed to estimate the parameter values and the orientation of the critical plane. It was revealed that both the Fatemi.Socie and McDiarmid parameters, which assume shear-mode fatigue cracking, are the most reliable.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
• /
• v.9 no.4 s.33
• /
• pp.467-477
• /
• 1997

A series of experimental tests have been performed on a tube beam in which artificial damage is applied in order to address damage detectability using modal analysis. Modal parameters considered are frequency, displacement mode shape and strain mode shape CoMAC(Coordinate Modal Assurance Criterion) and Modal Vector Error have been adopted for presenting the change of displacement mode shape and strain mode shape. It is revealed strain mode shape is the most sensitive to damage.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.345-351
• /
• 2010

The oblique incidence technique for ultrasonic nonlinear characterization was studied in stainless steel 316L alloy subjected to high cycle fatigue. A dog-bone plate specimen was prepared to make different faitgue-driven deformation at each position where the stress concentration could occur in the middle of specimen. In addition to the normal transmission technique, the oblique incidence technique which is newly suggested in this study, was used to measure ultrasonic nonlinear parameter. The fatigued specimen shows higher ultrasonic nonlinear parameter than the virgin specimen for both techniques. Ultrasonic nonlinear parameter highly increases in the middle of test specimen where the stress concentration existes. Relative nonlinear parameter has strong correlation with fatigue damage. Consequently, the oblique incidence technique with longitudinal wave can be potential to characterize high cycle fatigue damage.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
• /
• v.29 no.5
• /
• pp.415-420
• /
• 2009

This paper reports the results of a case study for the evaluation of surface damage by using acoustic nonlinearity of surface wave. In this study, the experimental system was constructed to measure the acoustic nonlinear parameter of surface wave in an Aluminum 6061 T6 specimen of which surface was damaged by the three point bending fatigue test, and magnitudes of nonlinear parameter measured before and after the fatigue test were compared. Especially, since the surface fatigue damage by the three point bending is concentrated at the central position of loading, the change in the nonlinear parameter around this position was monitored. Experimental results showed that the measured nonlinear parameter at the outside of this position after the fatigue test was almost same as the initial value before the fatigue test, since the fatigue damage at this position was little. However, clear increase in the nonlinear parameter was noticed after the fatigue test at the central position of specimen where the surface fatigue damage is expected to be concentrated.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.139-145
• /
• 2010

Bending fatigue of aluminium alloy was characterized by acoustic nonlinearity of narrow band laser-generated surface wave. The higher harmonic components generated intrinsically by arrayed line laser beam were analyzed theoretically and acoustic nonlinearity was measured successfully on the surface of fatigue damaged aluminium 6061 alloy. The acoustic nonlinearity increased as a function of fatigue cycles and has close relation with damage level. Consequently, the nonlinear acoustic technique of laser-generated surface wave could be potential to characterize surface damages subjected to fatigue.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
• /
• 2011.04a
• /
• pp.493-498
• /
• 2011

구름접촉피로는 차륜과 레일의 반복적인 접촉으로 인하여 발생하는 표면손상현상으로 점차 증가하는 레일손상 중 하나이다. 접촉마모 및 주기적 그라인딩보다 균열의 성장속도가 더 빨라 균열진전이 시작되는 최소균열크기(minimum crack size for growth)는 레일의 파괴방지 및 유효한 유지보수전략을 수립하는데 기초자료로 활용된다. 본 연구에서는 최소균열크기를 예측하기 위하여 차륜레일의 접촉에 영향을 미치는 주요 파라미터를 변화시키면서 최소균열크기의 변화를 살펴보았다. 이를 위하여 Fletcher와 Kapoor의 "2.5D"모델을 적용한 시뮬레이션 소프트웨어를 개발하였으며, 최대접촉하중(1174MPa), 표면마찰계수(0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4), 잔류응력, 접촉에 의한 표면마모(1.0nm/cycle), 그라인딩량(0.3mm/10MGT)을 파라미터로 하여 해석을 수행하였다. 해석결과 최소균열크기는 해석조건에 따라 1.41-1.95mm로 계산되었다.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.233-242
• /
• 2023

The unscented Kalman filter (UKF), which is widely used to estimate the states of nonlinear dynamic systems, can be improved to realize robust system identification by using multiple sigma-point sets. When using Kalman filter methods for system identification, artificial noises must be appropriately selected to achieve optimal estimation performance. Additionally, an appropriate scaling factor for the sigma-points must be selected to capture the nonlinearity of the state-space model. This study entailed the use of Bouc-Wen hysteresis model to examine the nonlinear behavior of a single-degree-of-freedom oscillator. On the basis of the effects of the selected artificial noises and scaling factor, a new UKF method using multiple sigma-point sets was devised for improved robustness of the estimation over various signal-to-noise-ratio values. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can accurately track nonlinear system states even when the measurement noise levels are high, while being robust to the selection of artificial noise levels.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.279-288
• /
• 2001

암반내에 존재하는 불연속면은 지하구조물의 안정성에 큰 영향을 미친다. 불연속면을 해석하기 위한 구성법칙에 대한 많은 연구가 진행되어 왔으나, 객관적인 거칠기 파라미터를 이용한 전단거동 모사에 관한 연구는 아직 미흡한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 정량적인 거칠기 파라미터를 이용한 두 가지의 새로운 구성방정식을 만들어 절리 거동을 모사하였다. 첫 번째 구성법칙은 탄소성 이론에 근거하여 두께가 없는 개별절리요소 이용한 방법이고, 두 번째 구성법칙은 3차원 레이저 변위 측정 데이터를 직접 이용하여 Ohnishi가 제안한 거칠기 손상모델을 도입하였다. 제안된 두 모델을 가지고 직접 전단시험을 모사해본 결과 실제 실험에 나타나는 변형률 경화 및 연화현상 그리고 잔류전단강도와 같은 현상을 볼 수 있었다.

• Elastomers and Composites
• /
• v.42 no.3
• /
• pp.168-176
• /
• 2007

When the rubber vulcanizates reinforced with carbon black or silica are subjected to cyclic loading from its virgin state, the stress required on reloading is less than that on the initial loading. This stress softening phenomenon is referred to as the Mullins effect. The strain energy function of rubber vulcanizates was investigated using theory of pseudo-elasticity incorporated damage parameter that Ogden and Roxburgh have proposed to describe the damage-induced stress softening effect in rubber-like solids. The quasi-static cyclic loading test was performed using the NR-SBR vulcanizates reinforced with carbon black, and then the effect of a damage parameter to stress-strain curve in reloading and subsequent reloading paths was studied. The strain energy function of the rubber vulcanizates with a different filler content was also evaluated.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.45-54
• /
• 2019

The damage detection method using the extended Kalman filter(EKF) technique has been continuously used since EKF can estimation the responses of the damaged building structure and the stiffness of the structure. However, in the use of EKF, the requirement of setting the initial paramters P, Q, and R has caused the divergence and instability of the state vector, and various researches have been conducted to determine theses parameters. In this paper, adaptive extended Kalman filter(AEKF) method is proposed to solve the problem of setting the values of P, Q, and R, which are important parameters determining the convergence performance of the EKF state vector. By using the AEKF method proposed in this study, the P, Q, and R parameters are updated every k steps. The proposed algorithm is applied for the estimation of stiffness and the damage detection of 3-DOF problem. Based of the verification, it can be found that the selection process for the values of P, Q, and R can improve the convergence performance of EKF.