• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.119-120
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• 2016

호안을 보호하기 위해 테트라포드(TTP)로 대표되는 소파블록이 항만, 어촌 어항지역 등 해안 전역에 걸쳐 사용되고 있다. 하지만 친수활동의 증가로 테트라포드에서의 해안안전사고가 증가하고 있으며, 테트라포드가 가지는 형태적, 색상적 특성으로 인해 안전, 경관, 환경 측면에서 심각한 문제를 일으키고 있어 보다 안전한 친수활동 공간을 제공할 수 있으며 해안경관을 향상시킬 수 있는 소파블록 디자인 개발이 시급하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 현재 사용되고 있는 소파블록의 문제점을 분석하고 국내외 기술개발 현황을 바탕으로 소파블록 디자인 개선사항을 제시하였다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.640-647
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• 2018

Many harbor structures have been constructed, and some structures are now under construction in Korea, which is a peninsular state and a logistics hub in Northeast Asia. Expansions and extensions of existing harbors are also being planned to meet increasing natural disaster threats. Wave-dissipation concrete blocks are recycled or discarded based on the personal experience of engineers only, and there are no safety checks or criteria. To check the safety of used blocks, material evaluations were done by visual inspection of blocks on the ground and under water and from 20 non-destructive measurements of the rebound hardness test and 3 concrete core samples. Wave-dissipation blocks are sometimes fully or partially damaged in the process of transferring and mounting them or during construction. Therefore, a safety check is essential for recycling blocks with an evaluation of materials while considering the construction phases. To do this, a block was modeled with a 3D finite element method using ADINA, and impact analyses were done according to the transfer, mounting, and construction phases. From the results of the impact analyses and material evaluation, the safety checks and reasonable evaluation of used blocks were examined, and detailed construction methods are proposed. The methods are expected to maximize the reuse of used wave-dissipation blocks from an economical point of view.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.131-138
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• 2021

The armor blocks are used to protect the body of the structure and dissipate wave energies, so it is crucial to evaluate the stability of the armor unit. The stability of armor blocks has been mainly evaluated through empirical coefficients called the stability coefficient obtained from hydraulic model experiments. In this study, a new type of single-layered armor block called K-Block was proposed, and a new experimental method based on the pull-out force was proposed to evaluate the stability of the armor unit, including the interlocking effects. The pull-out force test proposed in this study directly measures the force required to separate the armor unit from the armored layer on the slope by applying a tensile force in the vertical and horizontal directions to the installed armor unit. The proposed experimental method confirmed that the interlocking effects of the armor block could be quantitatively evaluated, and the high stability of the K-Block was verified.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.303-309
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• 2024

This study examines the effects of wave pressure on a vertical wall due to armor block failure at the front of a caisson, using a 2-D hydraulic model to simulate three types of armor block cross-sections. Additionally, the hydraulic characteristics of two cross-sections that replicated the armor blocks' failure, based on complete cross-sections, were compared. Moreover, quantitative analysis indicated that in the cross-section where the displacement of the armor block was recreated, wave run-up( ) increased by an average of 73%, the sum of dimensionless wave pressures increased by 28%, and converted wave force rose by 33%. These findings underscore the need for countermeasures in the event of armor block failure.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.737-743
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• 2016

Coastal hazards such as high waves are expected to increase due to global climate change. Therefore, we investigated new armor unit structures for disaster prevention. Recently, a concrete caisson has been used in many breakwaters against high waves in South Korea, but the demand for concrete armor unit has increased due to the high cost and many installation requirements. Though many new armor units have been developed over the world since Tetrapod in 1950, few have been used due to lack of systematical development. The representative armor units in current use have many advantages, but they cannot be applied to waves higher than 8 m. One of the new armor units developed by the design guide based on recent trend and hydraulic model experiments were conducted. The new armor unit was developed as a single layer due to cost effectiveness. However, the thickness is close to 1.5 times by overlapping the alphabet A and V. It showed higher overtopping compared to a double layer because of the thickness and the high packing density. It has a high interlocking vertically but low horizontally. It shows good stability at 9 m in model testing.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.293-297
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• 2021

Calibration of load-resistance factors for the limit state design of front covered caisson breakwaters were presented. Reliability analysis of the breakwaters which are constructed in Korean coast was conducted. Then, partial safety factors and load-resistance factors were sequentially calculated according to target reliability index. Load resistance factors were optimized to give one set of factor for limit state design of breakwater. The breakwaters were redesigned by using the optimal load resistance factor and verified whether reliability indices larger than the target value. Finally, load-resistance factors were compared with foreign country's code for verification.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.195-202
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• 2000

Recently, wave dissipating structures with porosity are widely used to improve habor tranquility and to reduce the wave overtopping rate. In this study, hydraulic model tests were performed to examine hydraulic efficiency of slit caissons, igloo blocks, and hollow blocks. The model tests showed that slit caissons were the most effective in dissipating wave energy under moderate wave conditions. Slit caissons and igloo blocks showed no significant difference in reducing wave overtopping rate. Hallow blocks are less effective in reducing wave overtopping rate than slit caissons and igloo blocks lU1der higher wave energy conditions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.285-291
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• 2011

In this study the mechanical performance of the new wave dissipating block is evaluated through experiment and numerical analysis. Also, by selecting adequate reinforcement, the improvement of the structural performance is examined. The reinforcement is designed by predicting the amount of tensile force and the location where the tensile stress develops in the new wave dissipating block through numerical analysis. The new wave dissipating block is reinforced with the ordinary steel bars and the fiber reinforced plastic(FRP) bars which have advantages in ocean environment in terms of corrosion and fatigue. The test result shows that the fracture resistance of the un-reinforced concrete block is 350 kN which is about 6.2 times that of the weight of the block. All the test blocks which are reinforced by either steel of FRP bars show strength capacity of over 900 kN which is the maximum load of the test equipment. Although the single reinforcement with larger-diameter bars has advantage in terms of construction convenience, it is recommended to use multiple number of smaller-diameter bars in order to reduce the crack width.

• 어항어장
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• s.81
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• pp.52-57
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• 2007

• 어항어장
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• s.82
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• pp.59-65
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• 2008