• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.275-281
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• 2004

Socket weldment used to change the flow direction of fluid nay have flaws such as lack of fusion and cracks. Liquid penetrant testing or Radiography testing have been applied as NDT methods for flaw detection of the socket weldment. But it is difficult to detect the flaw inside of the socket weldment with these methods. In order to inspect the flaws inside the socket weldment, a ultrasonic testing method is established and a ultrasonic transducer and automated ultrasonic testing system are developed for the inspection. The automated ultrasonic testing system is based on the portable personal computer and operated by the program based Windows 98 or 2000. The system has a pulser/receiver, 100MHz high speed A/D board, and basic functions of ultrasonic flaw detector using the program. For the automated testing, motion controller board of ISA interface type is developed to control the 4-axis scanner and a real time iC-scan image of the automated testing is displayed on the monitor. A flaws with the size of less than 1mm in depth are evaluated smaller than its actual site in the testing, but the flaws larger than 1mm appear larger than its actual size on the contrary. This tendency is shown to be increasing as the flaw size increases. h reliable and objective testing results are obtained with the developed system, so that it is expected that it can contribute to safety management and detection of repair position of pipe lines of nuclear power plants and chemical plants.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.368-375
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• 2013

Failure of small bore piping welds is a recurring problem at nuclear power plants. And the socket weld cracking in small bore piping has caused unplanned plant shutdowns for repair and high economic impact on the plants. Consequently, early crack detection, including the detection of manufacturing defects, is of the utmost importance. Until now, the surface inspection methods has been applied according to ASME Section XI requirements. But the ultrasonic inspection as a volumetric method is also applying to enforce the inspection requirement. However, the conventional manual ultrasonic inspection techniques are used to detect service induced fatigue cracks. And there was uncertainty on manual ultrasonic inspection because of limited access to the welds and difficulties with contact between the ultrasonic probe and the OD(outer diameter) surface of small bore piping. In this study, phased array ultrasonic inspection technique is applied to increase inspection speed and reliability. To achieve this object, the 3.5 MHz phased array ultrasonic transducer are designed and fabricated. The manually encoded scanner was also developed to enhance contact conditions and maintain constant signal quality. Additionally inspection system is configured and inspection procedure is developed.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.323-330
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• 2008

High cycle bending fatigue of socket welded small bore pipe was characterized, and also the fatigue crack initiation of small bore pipe was monitored in situ by the acoustic emission (AE) technique. The STS 316L stainless steel specimens were prepared by gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process having the artificial defect (i.e., lack of penetration) and defect free at the root. The fatigue failure was occurred at the loc for high stress and root for relatively low stress. The crack initiation cycles ($N_i$) was defined to the abrupt increase in AE counts during the fatigue test, and then the cracks were observed by the radiographic test and electron microscope before and after the fatigue crack initiation cycles. The socket welded pipe damaged by bending fatigue was studied regarding the welding defect, failure mode, and crack initiation cycles for the diagnosis and monitoring.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.1092-1097
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• 2003

S-N fatigue tests were conducted to investigate the fatigue strength of small diameter socket and butt welded joints made of carbon steels. Experimental parameters were pipe diameter, throat depth, shape of socket welds and welding procedure. Filler metals used in SMAW and GTAW procedure were E9016-G with diameter of 4.0 mm and ER70S-G with diameter of 2.4 mm. API 5L Gr.B pipes were adopted as a small diameter branch pipes. All socket fittings were machined from ASTM A105 carbon steel. Tensile strength was not affected by the welding procedure. Fatigue strength in socket weld joints increased with increasing pipe diameter, area of weld metal and weld leg length of pipe side.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.62-62
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• 2010

PVC(Polyvinyl Chloride)와 HDPE(High-density Polyethlene) 하수도관은 수많은 고분자 재료 중에도 높은 기계적 강도를 가지며, 광범위하게 사용되고 있다. 하지만, PVC와 HDPE 하수관을 연결하기 위해 소모 접착제나 고무링 이용한 소켓 방법 이음 방법은 낮은 수밀성과 기계적 강도로 오 폐수의 누수가 발생되고, 이것이 흙에 스며들어 지하수, 하천 및 토양을 오염시키고 있다. 따라서, 대안으로 최근에는 열판을 이용한 맞대기 융착 용접을 PE 하수도 관에 제한적으로 적용하여 시공하고 있다. 그러나, PVC 하수관은 열을 가할 시 열에 의한 민감한 거동으로 인해 맞대기 융착 용접법이 적용되지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 하수도 관 중, 국내에서 가장 많이 사용되고 있는 내 충격 PVC 하수도관과 HDPE 이중 벽관의 DSC(Diffential Scanning Calorimeter), TGA(Thermogravimetric analyzer), TMA(Thermomechanical Analysis), DMA(Dynamic Mechanical Analysis) 분석으로 온도에 따른 열적 거동을 분석하여, 적절한 융착 온도 조건을 제시하였다. 또한 접합강도 향상을 위한 이음부 설계를 제안하여, 융착 용접 특성을 평가하였다.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.224-230
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• 2020

Stainless steel has excellent corrosion resistance. The drawback is that pitting occurs easily due to the concentration of chloride. In addition, corrosion of socket weld, which is structurally and chemically weaker than the other components of the pipe, occurs rapidly. Since these two phenomena overlap, pinhole leakage occurs frequently in the seawater pipe socket welds made of stainless steel at the power plants. To analyze this specific corrosion, a metallurgical analysis of the stainless steel socket welds, where the actual corrosion occurred during the power plant operation, was performed. The micro-structure and chemical composition of each socket weld were analyzed. In addition, selective corrosion of the specific micro-structure in a mixed dendrite structure comprising γ-austenite (gamma-phase iron) and δ-ferrite (iron at high temperature) was investigated based on the characteristic micro-morphology and chemical composition of the corroded area. Finally, the different corrosion stages and characteristics of socket weld corrosion are summarized.