• 기호학연구
• /
• no.57
• /
• pp.155-176
• /
• 2018

This article is a study of Karl Marx's manifesto and the reform in donghak for the modality and their symbolism. As a text, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels' declaration on the Communist Alliance and the reform program of the peasant Donghak were choose. This Declaration and the Reformation are the works of philosophical practice discourse of the 1800s in this article, which unfolds paradigmatically, deriving its common symbolic meaning in the semiotic sense, and evolving ideologically towards a democracy free of property. In the end, these two historical incident which are published in the contemporary breath, constitute an accusation against a nonhuman policy of surveillance and punishment. Twice a day, the space of the church is transformed into a factory, the act of dividing into two categories by capitalist and work and divorcing by accident is embodied as a social ethic. It is against the phenomenon that the structure of which no man exists is no longer institutionalized. The revolutionary movement aimed at breaking the framework of this hunt manifests itself in the two manifestos mentioned above, and Karl Marx completes the culmination of the utopia that must be achieved through the Declaration of the Communist Alliance by placing his being in the position of "eternal refugee". By choosing to die in his freedom developed during Jeon Bong-joon's trial, he also completes the people's spirit of revolution. In the case of simultaneous exploitation in East and West, the form of oppression is the withdrawal of capital from domination and power, and a new alternative to this is the philosophical context that allows the establishment of a new paradigm with "man is the greatest capital".

• 한국노년학
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.707-726
• /
• 2017

Korea is proceeding to aging society at much faster pace than other countries. To alleviate various problems (health, environment, social relationships, psychology and emotion, and financial problems) of the elderly caused by aging society, there has been increasing attention to social capital. This study investigated types of ways that the elderly at individual level are aware of social capital and the characteristic. In addition, factors that influence the types were studied. Data from 1060 elderly with the age of 65 and older were collected in Korea. Excluding missing data on variables used in the study, data of 960 elderly were used for analyses. K-mean cluster analysis was conducted to investigate types of elderly awareness on social capital at individual level. Multinominal logistic regression was used to find out factors of the types. K-mean cluster analysis resulted in three types of awareness on social capital among the elderly: (1) potential of social capital; (2) severance of social capital; and (3) wealth of social capital. Multinominal logistic regression resulted in that compared to potential of social capital type, when the elderly were younger, inclination of politics was more progressive, they did not have religion, they did not reside in rural, and they did not live in multiplex housing, the elderly were more likely to be in severance of social capital type. Also, when the elderly were women, had higher education and standard of living, were Christian, and did not reside in rural regions. they tended to be in wealth of social capital type. Based on the study results about awareness on social capital among the elderly and factors related to the awareness types, practical and political suggestions that promote social capital to solve problems of the elderly were provided.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Information Management Conference
• /
• 2017.08a
• /
• pp.100-100
• /
• 2017

100년의 역사를 지닌 한국지질자원연구원(KIGAM)은 국내 유일의 지질자원 전문연구기관으로서 그간 생산한 조사 연구데이터는 우리나라 과학기술의 귀중한 역사적 학술적 가치가 큰 유산으로써 보존 가치가 매우 크다고 할 수 있다. 하지만 현재 KIGAM의 상황은 최종성과물 위주로 자료관리가 이루어지고 있으며, 조사 연구 과정에서 생산된 암석 토양 지하수샘플이나 조사 탐사장비를 통해 얻어지는 자료는 연구자 또는 연구실 팀에서 개별적으로 관리하고 있다. 이러한 자료관리체계는 자료의 공동 활용이 어렵고, 자료를 보유하고 있는 연구자의 퇴직이나, 조직개편으로 인한 팀 실의 분리 과정에서 자료의 손실과 훼손 가능성이 높고, 누가 어디에 어떤 자료를 무슨 형태로 보관하고 있는지 찾기 어려워 자료의 재활용도가 떨어질 뿐만 아니라, 이로 인한 중복 조사 연구 가능성도 배제할 수 없다. KIGAM은 지질자원분야 국가데이터센터 구축을 목표로 연구과정에서 생산되는 연구데이터의 체계적인 관리와 공유, 활용체계 구축을 위해 2015년도에 기획사업을 통해 중장기 로드맵을 포함한 추진전략을 수립하였으며, 한국과학기술정보연구원(KISTI)의 DataNest를 기술이전받아 지질자원 연구데이터 리포지토리 시스템(GDR: Geoscience Data Repository)를 개발하였다. GDR 시스템 개발을 위해 연구데이터 분류코드를 작성하였으며, 2016년부터 데이터관리계획(DMP: Data Management Plan)을 주요사업 연구계획서 양식에 포함시켜 제출하도록 하였다. 과거 KIGAM은 연구데이터를 수집, 관리하기 위해 몇 차례에 걸쳐 시도를 했지만 실패한 경험을 가지고 있다. 실패 요인에는 (1) 관련 정책, 제도, 조직, 인력, 예산 등 데이터 관리 인프라 부재, (2) 연구사업에서 생산된 데이터는 개인소유라는 인식 및 공유 의식 부족, (3) 데이터 관리 활동은 귀찮은 것이고, 시간 낭비라는 인식, (4) 데이터 관리 공개 공유 활동에 대한 보상체계 부재 등을 꼽을 수 있다. 즉, 제도를 포함한 인프라 부족과 경영진과 구성원의 인식부족이 제일 큰 원인으로 판단된다. 성공적인 연구데이터 관리를 위해서는 지속적이고 꾸준한 투자가 이루어져야 하지만 경영진의 의지에 따라 사업이 중단되기도 한다. 이러한 과거의 실패 요인에 대한 해결 없이 지난 1년 6개월 정도의 GDR 운영은 지지부진하였다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해서는 국가차원의 제도적 뒷받침이 따라야 한다. 즉 국가 R&D 성과물 관리차원에서 연구데이터를 주요 성과물로 관리해야 할 것으로 판단된다. 연구사업계획서에 DMP를 포함시키고, 연구주제 및 분야별로 데이터센터(혹은 데이터 리포지토리)를 지정하고, 국가 R&D에서 생산되는 연구데이터를 의무적으로 제출하도록 하는 것이다. 또한 데이터센터의 안정적이고 지속적인 운영을 위해 연구사업비 항목에 데이터 관리비를 신설하여 데이터센터의 운영비로 사용하도록 하면 예산문제도 어느 정도 해결 될 수 있을 것으로 본다. 또한 데이터 제출 및 인용도에 따라 데이터 생산부서 혹은 생산자에게 평가점수를 부여하는 등 보상체계 마련을 위한 연구도 필요할 것으로 보인다. 국가 R&D 연구데이터의 수집, 관리, 공유, 활용을 제대로 성공시키려면 국가 R&D 최고정책결정자의 지속적인 관심과 지원이 필수적이다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.20 no.7
• /
• pp.272-280
• /
• 2019

This descriptive research study investigated the relationships between different degrees of family support, ego-resilience and employment volition of patients suffering from alcohol use disorder, and we identified the factors that had an influence on employment volition. This study used the survey research technique and structured questionnaires. The data was collected from 128 males (aged 20 years or older) and who had been diagnosed with alcohol use disorder. They had also undergone either inpatient hospital care or outpatient treatment. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. The results of the study showed that family support had a value of 4.30, an ego resilience had a value of 2.37 and the employment volition had a value of 4.06. The results of the multiple regression analysis showed that there was statistically significant positive correlation between employment volition and ego resilience (${\beta}=-.314$, p<.01) and age (${\beta}=-.253$, p<.01), and the total explanatory power of these 2 factors was 16.3%. According to the results of this study, age-based approaches are needed to improve the employment volition of patients with alcohol use disorder. Additionally, the results of this study suggest that an ego resilience enhancement program be developed and implemented to help these patients.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.109 no.4
• /
• pp.429-437
• /
• 2020

In this study we quantified the long-term change in discharge against precipitation in a forested watershed and investigated how the growth of forest trees influences these changes. We found a proportional relationship between precipitation and discharge for each year, and discharge decreased gradually with time. Precipitation and discharge were highest in July and August, and the changes in precipitation, discharge, and runoff rate did not always coincide, given that high runoff rate was shown in August and September. The monthly coefficient of variation (CV) for discharge was larger than that for precipitation, and the deviation between precipitation and discharge increased gradually. From 2011 to 2017, the gradient of the trend line for the change of total discharge and direct runoff against precipitation decreased, whereas the gradient of the base flow increased in this same time period. A possible explanation is that the water holding capacity of soil deposits increased as the forest soil of the Palgong Mountain watershed developed and the increase of base flow rose with groundwater level together with that of outflow quantity. The coefficient of flood recession was lower in the period 2011 to 2017 than in 2003 to 2010; thus, the reduction of discharge was mitigated and remained steady as time progressed. We conclude from these results that the discharge of surface runoff decreased as tree growth and base flow increased; however, the water yield function of the forest increased gradually.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.99-111
• /
• 2015

The objectives of this study were to investigate the location, shape, environment, and vegetation of the Village Forest in Gyeonggi-do and to evaluate the ecological integration and changes of the Village Forests to figure out the measures for conservation and management. There were 23 Village Forests remain in Gyeonggi-do. Ten Village Forests were established based on Feng-shui background. Many of them were found in Yongin area and southeast of Icheon. The Village Forests were owned by local community at 9 village and privately owned at 8 villages. Most Village Forests were managed by local communities except for the two managed by private person. Fifty-two percent of the Village Forests were in strip shape, and most of them were established by Feng-shui background or for the prevention of disasters. The average size of the Village Forests was relatively small at 3,046m2. The most frequent tree species found at the Village Forest were Zelkova serrata and Pinus densiflora. Over half of the number of Village Forests showed vertical structure of overstory trees only or overstory-sub overstory combination, which seemed to be resulted from the loss of understory plants by the activities of local residents. The Village Forests that had over 30% of damaged trees were found at 7 villages. The damages were caused by the road construction close to the groves, soil compaction, and tree death by covering lower stem with soil. The vitality of the damaged trees seemed to be significantly low compared to that of the undamaged. There were factors that determined the changes in the Village Forests: community ritual, institutional protection, designation as a water resource protection district, road construction, land use change, windstorm hazards, and development of forest areas. In order to conserve and manage the Village Forests appropriately, it is necessary to limit excessive use of the grove areas and maintain proper tree growing conditions by improving the soil environment. The development of neighborhood areas need to be controlled and community activities should be encouraged to maintain or restore the original landscape of the groves. Protection measures and supporting policies need to be enforced to keep the Village Forests from disappearing in near future.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.44-54
• /
• 1992

The blenniid fish, Pictiblennius yatabei(Jordan et Snyder) is ditributed in the central and southern Japan and southern Korea. The fish grows to a maximum size of 9cm in total length, and it seems to be matured in two years. Sex dimorphisms of the fish appear in the crest and the anal fin. Five egg masses of the fish were collected in Tongyoung Bay near Kyeong Nam on June 16 and 20, 1991. The eggs were laid on inner surface of empty shells of the oyster, Crassotrea gigas and blue mussel, Mytilus edulis. Each egg mass was guarded by the male parent. Numbers of eggs in each of masses were as about 450~1000.The eggs were spherical but somewhat oval in shape and ranged from 0.72 to 0.80mm in longer axis and from 0.55 to 0.65mm in shorter axis. Each egg was provided with an adhesive pedestal. Hatching took place in 105 hours after formation of embyo at the water temperature varying from 20.0 to $21.4^{\circ}C$. Melanophores appearing on the yolk remarkably changed in form during the embryonic development.The newly hatched larvae, having 32~34 somites, were from 2.71 to 3.35mm in total length. The larvae absorbed the yolk material and oil globule completely in 7 days after hatching and became postlarvae. Nine days after hatching, the larvae averaged 5.35mm in TL and the caudal notochord flex at $45^{\circ}$ Total lengths of the larvae reached 6.00 and 6.58mm in 11 and 13 days after the hatching, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.24 no.2 s.88
• /
• pp.65-78
• /
• 2006

This paper investigates the cost structure ot the Korea and Japan railroad industry with respect to density, scale and scope economies as well as productivity growth rate using a generalized trans)og multiproduct cost function model. The paper then assumes that the Korea and Japan railway companies pi·educe three outputs (incumbent railway passenger-kilometers. Shinkansen passenger-kilometers, ton-kilometers of freight) using four input factors (labor, fuel, maintenance, rolling stock and capital). The specified cost function includes foul other independent variables: track lengths to reflect network effects, two dummies to reflect nation and ownership effects, and time trend as a proxy for technical change. The simultaneous equation system consisting of a cost function and three input share equations is estimated with the Zellner's iterative seemingly unrelated regression. The unbalanced panel data used in the paper, a total of 154 observations. are collected from the annual records of the Korea National Railroad (KNR) for the yews $1977{\sim}2003$, Japan National Railways (JNR) for the years $1977{\sim}1984$. seven Japan Railways (JR's) for the years $1987{\sim}2003$. The findings show that the Korean and Japanese railways exhibit product-specific and overall economies of density but product-specific diseconomies of scale with respect to incumbent railway passenger-kilometers, Shinkansen-kilometers and ton-kilometers. However, the railways experience mild overall economies of scale which result from economies of scope associated with the joint production of incumbent railway/Shinkansen and feight, freight/incumbent railway and Shinkansen except Shinkansen/incumbent railway and freight. In addition, the economies of density and scale in the KNR, JR east, JR central, and JR west companies at the point of the years $1990{\sim}2003$ average is generally analogous to the above results at the point of sample average. There also appear to be economies of ssope associated with the joint Production of the incumbent railway and Shinkansen in JR central but diseconomies of scope in JR East and JR West. The findings also indicate that the productivity growth rate of the privately-owned JR's is larger than that of the government-owned KNR.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.317-327
• /
• 2010

Among the permanent teeth, the first permanent molars play the greatest role in occlusion and function. So, early diagnosis for congenital missing, abnormal eruption and abnormal formation is very important to the first permanent molars in the course of arch development. The aim of this study is to analyse the differences between right and left first permanent molar's formation and eruption and between upper and lower one. A total of 545 children were selected am ong children who had visited our clinic, investigate eruption and calcification stage of permanent first molar, based on Gleiser and Hunt criteria for this study. 1. Gingival emergence of mandibular first molar is faster than maxillary first molar by 0.75~0.8 years, gingival emergence of maxillary first molar in girls faster than boys by 0.45 years, and that of mandibular first molar in girls faster than boys by 0.5 years. 2. There is the significant difference between right and left first molar on the eruption score and the calcification stage ; 5 year old children show the significant difference on the eruption score. 7 year old children show the significant difference on both the eruption score and calcification stage. 3. It shows the most active eruption movement of crown on the maxilla while the root is rapidly widening its furcation and completing root formation to 2/3, on the other hand, the most active crown emerging on mandible is shown when the root formation completed to 1/4 to 1/2.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.336-344
• /
• 2010

Considering the increasing trends of the consumption of livestock products in Korea, proper hygienic management and policies for ensuring their safety to protect public health and strengthen consumer confidence are demanded. It is particularly important to manage the livestock distribution processes to provide safe meat and meat products. This study was conducted to examine factors related to the hygiene management of livestock products and to check out the condition of hygienic management in meat markets. To accomplish this, 156 meat markets divided into HACCP-certified and non certified and evaluated for five factors, which received the following scores: facility and equipment management (1.00/2.0 points, 50.0%), storage and transport management (1.93/2.0 points, 96.5%), work place management (0.76/2.0 points, 38.0%), personal hygiene management (0.75/2.0 points, 37.5%), and inspection management (0.22/2.0 points, 11.0%). The results revealed that the scores of HACCP-certified meat markets were significantly higher than those of the non certified markets (p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001). These findings suggest that meat markets that are not HACCP-certified must improve hygienic management conditions and educate their employees to improve the safety of livestock products during distribution.