• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.19-40
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• 2002

According to the secondary data, private brand(PB)'s share of retail sales is 25-30% in the USA, but about 45 in Korea. In Korea PB's average price is 23.3% less than manufacturer brand. It is very interest that PB's price advantage doesn't have a good effect on it's share of retail sales. This research's objective is to study why Korean consumers don't purchase private brand cheaper than manufacturer brand. A theoretical reasoning depends on information cue theory and means-ends model of perceived value. A unit of analysis is consumers who purchase private brand at E-mart in Pusan city, one of largest discount store in Korea. Hypothesis tested by Lisrel's structural equation model and interesting results as follows: First, favorable brand image among extrinsic cues is most positively correlated with perceived quality/sacrifice and intrinsic cues is also statistically significant. This fact imply that intrinsic cues; package, logo, country of origin are very important in the adoption of private brand in Korea. Second, compared with manufacturer's brand, PB's perceived price is positively correlated with perceived quality/sacrifice. This fact imply a assimilation effect between manufacturer's brand and private brand. Finally, a correlation between perceived sacrifice and PB proneness is satistically insignificant, but perceived quality has a significant effect on its proneness. this fact imply that innovators(about 4% of potential consumer) are risk-taker.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.6395-6402
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• 2013

This study evaluated dental health care providers to identify strategic management implications for providing improved dental health dental health care services to consumers. For this purpose, adental health care satisfaction survey was conducted on 1,156 patients (more than 20 years of age) at a dental clinic follow-up visit in a small-town dentist clinic Gyeongsangbuk-do province from August 1, 2013 to September 13, 2013. The dental health service value satisfaction in the gender and age (p<.05), monthly income (p<.001), dental health service quality satisfaction indentists according to gender (p<.05), education (p<.01), monthly income (p<.001), word-of-mouth effect of satisfaction job (p<.05), age and monthly income (p<.001) were investigated. Acorrelation was observed between the variables of the dental health services dental health services quality sub areas: certainty, reliability, and materiality. The interrelation between the dental health service showed the value of the variable(p<.000). The dental health services, routes elected, customer satisfaction with the dentist, reason for choosing a dentist, dental doctor reused and word-of-mouth effect of the satisfaction variable and the association with the volume(+) showed a correlation. The establishment new hospital management strategies can improve the quality of health care services to the patients and provide high-quality health care services.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.703-710
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• 2017

Third-generation (3G) devicesare next-generation devices that allow the use of intelligent services and applications through the Internet of Things (IoT). As the market forexisting smart devices like smartphones and tablet PCs enters the stage of stagnation, the world is now focusing on 3G devices, parts, and services. This study is intended to measure the user's benefits from the various attributes of 3G devices by applying an economic valuation method. For this purpose, the conjoint analysis method was applied, which is one of the representative valuation methods. To apply conjoint analysis, the following attributes of 3G devicesare considered: mode of use, power efficiency, life care, and price. By applying the mixed logit model, the marginal willingness-to-pay(WTP) for each attribute was derived. The results are statistically significant. Respondents showed a high preference or complete flexibility in the mode of use attribute. And they were also found to have WTP for improvements in the life care attribute. The implications and quantitative results of this study are expected to be useful for policies and strategies in the 3G device market.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.64-73
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• 2015

Describing the filmography of Yong-ho KIM simply in a few sentences is considered nearly impossible. For the last 20 years and longer, KIM has been building up his career energetically as he never lets himself obsessed with any particular boundaries or areas but work on everything from paper advertisements to art galleries, advertising photographs and pure photographs. The Photolanguage personally mentioned by Yong-ho KIM himself is to visualize this imaginary story in a form of photograph, which one would come up with before shooting. When it comes to the advertising photographs, since they are used basically to sell products, they are considered rather temporary, and in addition, they photograph the products mostly under these bright lights with colorful backgrounds behind. However, Yong-ho KIM was recognized for presenting very much different work as he went even beyond these old stereotypes of the advertising photographs. The advertising photographs processed by KIM do more than merely introducing details or functions of some products, but they deliver these values and cultures that consumers can enjoy and gain through these original stories about the products. Of several pieces of KIM's work, this advertisement on Hyundai Card named was invited to an exhibition by a private gallery after the work was exposed through various media. The work was even purchased, and that was something that had not happened before in the history of the relevant field. When a photograph is purchased, it makes the photograph recognized for its value to be possessed, and when a photograph is displayed, it, again, makes the photograph win recognition as an art work. This thesis discusses the Photolanguage found in the works of Yong-ho KIM, one of the most well-known advertising photographers in South Korea. The research inquiries that have been analyzed in the body of the thesis, therefore, are the photographs and language in the digital era, the story-telling advertisements and these works by Yong-ho KIM.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.349-357
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• 2001

The effects of dietary conjugated linoleic aicd on pork quality was investigated using sixty four pigs. CLA was synthesized by alkaline isomerization method with corn oil. Pigs were devided into 4 treatment groups(16 pigs/group) arid subjected to one of four treatment diets(0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3% CLA diets) for 2 weeks before slaughter. Pork loin and belly were collected from the animals(105∼110kg body weight) slaughtering at the commercial slaughter house. Pork loin and belly meat were aerobic packaged and then stored during 2. 5. 8. 11 and 13 days at 4$\^{C}$ refrigerator. Samples were analysed for meat color, texture and sensory characteristics. There were no diference in meat color(L*, a*, b*), texture and sensory property among control and CLA treatment (s), and no changes as the storage period passed. This results mean that feeding CLA to pork doesn't change the meat color and texture of the pork what consumers consider when they buy some meat. Especially, feeding CLA to pork didn't transform sensory property of the pork. We considered these result as no problem in the pig fed with CLA.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.259-268
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• 2010

This modern society is said to be more typical of an emotional society. In such a society, emotional design adds value to products, hence bringing about value-enhanced products. Despite many claims of little substance about emotional design, there have been only a few researches that have identified what criteria to be applied to distinguish between emotional products and generic products or even have clearly defined what emotional products are. This leads to a clear need for providing more definite criteria for defining and classifying design elements useful and available for users. To fill the gap, the purpose of this study is, first, to explore the relationship between evaluation elements for creative design and emotional design, and, based on that, identify some of the most importantly valued elements, and secondly, to examine how the images importantly used for expression relate to creativity evaluation elements according to classified types of design. In this study, chosen products were presented to selected users so that they can choose what they think possesses emotional design elements. Then the products so chosen were classified according to design type for examination of their respective relationship with creativity evaluation elements. In addition, the identification was performed of perceived design images about the selected products and the relationship between those images and creativity evaluation elements. This study is expected to provide a chance to be aware of the fact that essential creativity evaluation elements can vary depending on changing times, environments, and users, and as well, to offer an insight into what images design should be possessive of for it to be preferred by consumers.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.45
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• pp.283-298
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• 2016

Design is a fatal factor to differentiate and survive one product from the other in fierce competition of the market, when other conditions such as price or quality makes no much difference. Among many marketing tools, package design is known as a direct communication that visualizes and forms the very initial brand image of a product. Package design is not only for packing, transporting, storing and loading but for engraving the brand image in a consumers' mind and lead them to purchasing. One of recent package design trands is various ways of using character, not just as a printed image on the surface but as a part of three dimensional structure of package. If it succeed, the package design could give out the secondary fun and impact to the consumers. The package design with an effective character is itself a great marketing tool and valuable design asset, which can bring a further profit to the company. Especially, character-package can be a powerful and effective marketing method for various local products, in needs of further publication and sales with limited cost. It should motivate the sales of the products by grabbing their attention and taken as a souvenir. This research takes a character package as a useful marketing method for a local brand in Jeonju, South Korea, and tries to design a three dimensional package using its own character. Through the process, the research aims to propose an important design strategy for repositioning or enhancing an existing brand.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.1070-1076
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• 1998

The processing conditions of low salt mackerel (Scomber japonicus) fillet was investigated, in which fresh mackerel was filleted, salted in brine until the expected salt concentration reached, dried with cool air (3 m/sec, $10{\sim}20^{\circ}C$), and finally packed individually in polyvinyl chloride film. Salting time and salt concentration of brine decided the final salt level penetrated into the fillet. As the final salt level was fixed to $0.8{\sim}1.0%, salting for $15{\sim}20 hours with 5% or 10% brine at $5^{\circ}C$ was enough to get that level of salt. Formation of histamine during salting was negligible. Changes in VBN, salt soluble proteins, and histamine formation of salted mackerel fillet during the storage occurred more rapidly in cases of storage at $5^{\circ}C than af $-2^{\circ}C and $-20^{\circ}C. Oxidation of lipid during the storage progressed, however it was delayed longer then 100 days in case of storage at $-20^{\circ}C. Addition of sodium erythrobate or ginger extracts could provide some extent of browning retardation. The shelf-life of the salted mackerel fillet based on panel scores of brown color and rancidity appealed to be 14 days when stored at $5^{\circ}C, and more than 28 days in case of storage at $-2^{\circ}C and about 3 months stored at $-20^{\circ}C.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.189.2-190
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• 2003

현재까지 미생물의 증식을 억제하는 보존제로는 인공합성품이 많이 알려져 이들이 주로 상업적으로 사용되고 있으나 그 안정성이 경우에 따라 문제되고 있으며 근래소비자의 건강 지향적 욕구가 증대됨에 따라 인공합성품의 기피현상이 두드러지고 있다. 따라서 이들 천연 항균물질의 개발과 이용은 인공 합성보존제의 대처라는 의미와 소비자기피현상을 유발시키지 않으면서 각종 가공식품의 저장성향상 및 저온 유통식품의 안정성확보라는 견지에서 그 중요성이 있다. 본 실험에서는 식품의 미생물 작용에 의한 변질의 저해 효과가 뛰어난 식물성천연항균제품(Botanical antimicrobial agents-Citrus product : 이하 BAAC라 칭함)에 천연보조제(Ginseng extract, Aloe, 매실추출물)를 첨가하여 Paper disk 법에 의한 항균성 검사를 실시한 결과 Ginseng extract를 첨가한 경우 생육저해환이 가장 크고 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 따라서 BAAC에 보조제(Ginseng extract)를 첨가하여 제조 된 천연 항균복합제재(이하 BAAG라 칭함)를 우유에는 각 농도별로 첨가하여 4$^{\circ}C$의 냉장상태와 2$0^{\circ}C$의 상온에서 저장하였고, 계란과 콩나물의 경우는 침지 처리한 후 꺼내어 상온에서 저장하면서 각각 주사전자현미경 관찰, 대장균수, 총균수의 변화, 외관상의 변화에 미치는 영향을 무처리 대조구와 비교하면서 조사하였다. 아울러, 계란의 경우는 조단백함량의 변화도 관찰하였다. 주사전자현미경 촬영사진의 결과 분석을 통하여 BAAG를 처리한 균체 세포는 세포막 및 세포벽 기능이 파괴되어 세포내용물이 균체외부로 유출되어 균체의 생육이 억제되며 성장을 저해 또는 사멸시키는 것으로 나타났다. 대장균수는 우유, 달걀 및 콩나물의 모든 처리구에서 BAAG의 첨가에 의해 성장이 억제되었으며 농도가 증가시킬수록 균증식 억제 효과가 뚜렷하였으며, 총균수도 압도적으로 낮은 간을 보여주었다. 달걀의 조단백함량의 변화는 BAAG를 처리하지 않은 무처리 대조구에 비하여 침지 처리한 경우가 조단백 변화가 크지 않았다. 즉, BAAG의 침지 처리한 경우, 저장기간 14일이 경과 한 후에 10%정도의 수준으로 감소한데 반하여, 무처리구인 대조구의 경우, 23%수준으로 감소 증도가 증가하였다. 외관상의 변화와 상품 가치를 측정한 결과는 달걀의 경우, 14일이 경과후에는 무처리 대조구에서 흰자위의 감소와 노른자위와의 경계가 뚜렷하지 못하여 상품으로서의 가치가 크게 떨어진 상태였다. 우유의 경우에는 4$^{\circ}C$와 2$0^{\circ}C$에 저장된 대조구에서는 각각 3일과 12일경과 후 강한 부패취와 아울러, 표피의 갈변정도가 심하되어 관능적으로 부패상태를 인지할 수 있었다. 콩나물의 경우도 저장3일 경과 후에 부패취와 함께 점질성 갈변물질이 생성되었다. 이와 같은 결과로 볼 때, BAAG의 처리는 BAAC의 경우보다 가격은 저렴하면서도 항균력은 우수한 천연 항균복합제재로써 농산물 식품원료에 적용하여 선도유지 기간을 연장할 수 있는 효과를 기대할 수 있었다.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.189-203
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• 1992

Any money model should address the most important phenomenon of a monetary economy, which is the phenomenon of the rate of return dominance. Even if the holding returns on financial or nonfinancial assets are higher than the rate of return on fiat money holding, which is typically zero, people still hold and use money. In a period of accelerating inflation, number of dominating assets increases continuously, yet people continue to hold and use money. Wallace's (1980) overlapping generations model cannot address the rate of return dominance phenomenon. His model does not capture the mediun of exchange role of fiat money. In this paper, an overlapping types model of fiat money is constructed, in which different types of consumers have different preferences on different types of goods, are endowed with different types of goods, are located at seperated regions, and live for only two periods. In this model, people hold and use money despite the dominating assets, even if inflation accelates. Money in this case serves as a pure medium of exchange, whereas in Wallace's model, money serves as a pure store of value, and money disappears if a dominating asset exists. An interesting feature of the overlapping types model presented in this paper is that money does not provide a cheap approximation to an idealized and efficient real allocation. A monetary economy is always superior to a nonmonetary economy, because money helps overcome the incompleteness of the overlapping types friction. In a monetary economy, however, a pareto optimal allocation cannot always be achieved, because money cannot always overcome the overlapping types friction itself. Therefore, with the criterion of optimality of real allocations, the monetary economy is more optimal than a nonmonetary economy but less optimal than a complete Arrow-Debreu economy. This feature has important implications on macro modelling. Because of the difficulty in introducing money into a macro model in an essential and endogenous manner as in the overlapping types model of this paper, a macro model typically ignores money and studies real allocations without the money factor. The possible inefficiencies of a monetary economy, relative to a complete real Arrow-Debreu economy, may indicate differences in real allocations between the two models.