• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.19-33
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• 2001

This study was performed to make suggestions for improving consumer welfare in public utility pricing. The consumer related issues in the process of public utility pricing and the consumers' burden on expenditures for public utility were reviewed. Due to the large proportions of the expenditures for public utility to total consumption expenditures, the poor and the younger consumers had more disadvantages in rising consumer price on public utility than the rich and the older. Finally, four kinds of alternatives were suggested to solve the consumer problems in public utility pricing.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.19-42
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to develop practical problem-based home economics teaching.learning process plans about a unit 'the youth and consumer life' of middle school eighth-grade Technology and Home Economics by applying blended learning(BL) strategy. According to ADDIE instructional design model, this study was conducted in the following procedure: analysis, design/development, implementation, and evaluation. In the stage of design and development, the selected unit was converted into a practical problem-based unit, and practical problem-based teaching. learning process plans were designed in detail by using BL strategy. An online study room for practical problem-based home economics instruction grounded in BL strategy was prepared by using Edunet(http://community.edunet4u.net/${\sim}$consumer2). Eight-session lesson plans were mapped out, and study aids for students and materials for teachers were prepared. In the implementation stage, the first-session teaching plans that dealt with a minor question 'what preparations should be made to become a wise consumer' were utilized when instruction was provided to 115 eighth graders who were in three different province, and the other one was in a middle school in the city of Daejeon. The experimental teaching was implemented for two weeks in the following procedure: preliminary program, pre-online learning, main instruction and post- online learning. The preliminary program was carried out in a session in the classroom, and pre-online learning was provided before the main instruction was given in a session in the classroom. After the main instruction was completed, post-online learning was offered. In the evaluation stage, a survey was conducted on all the learners and teachers to find out their opinions and suggestions.

• Design Convergence Study
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.223-238
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• 2017

Due to recent increasing of tour, leisure industries, customer's usage of service became more grouped and customer-to- customer interaction became more important. Under these service environment, it is easy to find cases of damaging other customer's service experiences by some customers who use service in selfish manner. Customers called 'Jaycustomer' usually happen in low frequency, but they are serious service failure because they can deliver bad service experience. It seems previous service design tools couldn't handle these cases enough. So it will be good to reinforce to handle these incidents. This study was based on the empirical insights of service design case study by using 'evil persona'. Literature review and survey were performed to find out proper servicescape for 'evil persona'. From analysis, the service environmental factors which affect frequency of negative customer-to-customer interaction were selected. Also, many cases of such negative behavior were gathered and sorted to find types and patterns which affected by selected service environmental factors.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.23-43
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to identify the types of consumer problems involving the use of online game services in Korea. This study analyzed the consumer damage cases by age and type that were reported to the Korea Consumer Protection Board (KCPB). The results of this study are as follows: The online game complaints varied by age. In the case of children, most complaints involved phone charging online game fees without parents' consent. There were similarities in the victimization of teens and children according to reason for complaint, handling result and type of damage. However, based on method of charging, mobile phone and credit card payments were causes in the case of teen victimization. Meanwhile, complaints among adults showed more complexity than the previous two groups such as cases relating to online game companies illegally seizing game items and game accounts, and charging fees for unused services caused by identity theft. By type of charging method, most complaints involved phone and mobile phone payments. According to the analysis result of online game victims, the monetary damage of consumers did not differ among socio-demographic variables such as age, residence, gender and occupation but there was difference in the method of charging. In the handling period, differences could be seen by age, year, gender and type of damage.

• Life and Agrochemicals
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.14-17
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• 2008

일반에게 공정한 입장에서 소비자와 커뮤니케이션을 실행하는 수단으로서 "일본농약학회, 지방자치단체, 내각부 식품안전위원회나 농림수산성, 후생노동성 등의 공적기관, 농약공업회나 전국농약협동조합 등 임의단체, 전국농업협동조합이나 전국 판매상 등의 유통업자 등이 실시하는 농약의 안전 사용자 안전 등에 관한 세미나 강습회, 소비자의 간담회", "학회나 농약연구자, 과학리더에 의한 계몽서의 출판, 학회나 업자 단체에 의한 Q&A집의 학회지 게재나 배포". "각종 학회나 공적기관의 홈페이지 계몽 해설문제의 게재", "농약제조 메이커나 임의단체에 의한 인터넷을 통한 메일 잡지 배송", "신문(전국지)를 매개로 한 홍보활동" 등을 들 수 있다. 최근에는 대학에 있어서도 일반사회인(소비자 포함)을 대상으로 한 농약이나 각종 화학물질의 안전성에 관한 공개강좌가 개설되어 있다. 한편 공정한 입장서 농약에 대해서 올바르게 전달한다는 개념에서 출발하지만, 결국엔 상업적 측면이 강한 "재미있고 우습게, 농약이 가지는 잠재적 위험성을 일부러 강조하고, 때로는 과학적 사실과 다른 내용을 의도적 또는 비의도적으로 전달하여 시청자나 독자의 관심을 끌어 시청률이나 발행부수를 신장시키는 것을 목적으로 하는 각종 매스컴으로부터의 막대한 양의 정보발신(모든 매스컴이 해당하는 것은 아님)이 있다. 더욱이 인터넷 사이트에는 종교적 측면이 강한 단체를 포함, 농약의 위험성을 강조하는 일이 있으며 온갖 정보가 넘쳐나고 있다. 물론 공적기관을 포함, 농약의 유용성과 잠재적 위험성에 대하여 공정하고 객관적 입장에서 인터넷을 소개한 정보 발신도 행해지고 있다. "농약은 나쁘고 위험하다"라는 정보로는 센세이셔날 한 상품가치(매스컴측의 보도 메리트)가 있지만 "농약은 안전하고 문제없다"로는 상품가치가 없다고 하는 상업 저널리즘을 드러낸다. "양적으로 압도적인 매스컴 보도"를 뛰어넘어 소비자에게 올바른 정보를 전달, 이해시키는 것은 가능하지 않을까. 다음으로 농약에 관한 리스크커뮤니케이션 수법에 대한 유의점과 과제를 기술한다.

• Korea Petroleum Association Journal
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• s.276
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• pp.2-7
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• 2010

기름값에 대한 언론과 국민의 관심이 높다. 기름값이 우리생활에 미치는 영향이 크기 때문일 것이다. 최근는 경기가 어려워지면서 더욱 민감한 문제가 되고 있는 듯하다. 소비자 단체가 주도하는 '석유시장 감시단'까지 출범한 상황이다. 이러한 관심은 기름값에 대한 불만 때문으로 보인다. 소비자는 정유사가 기름값을 불투명하고 자의적으로 결정한다고 의심한다. 오를 땐 빨리 내릴 땐 천천히 내린다고 불신한다. 과점시장에서 정유사가 담합과 폭리를 취하고 있다고 여긴다. 문제는 이런 인식과 업계의 실상이 너무도 다르다는 데 있다. 정유업계에 대한 부정적 인식은 오랫동안 누적된 선입견과 잘못된 인식에 근거하고 있다. 이것은 기름값이 올라갈 때마다 사실과는 다르게 확대 재생산 되고 있다. 업계에 몸담고 있는 입장에서 참으로 안타까운 현실이다.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.327-353
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• 2017

The issue submitted to the Court of Justice on the merits of case C---573/13 originated from a claim brought in the context of a dispute between Air Berlin and the German Federal Union of Consumer Organisations and Associations. The challenge concerned the way in which air fares were displayed in Air Berlin's computerised booking system. The system was organised in such a way that, after selecting a date and a departure airport, one would find all possible flight connections in a summary table. However, the final price of the ticket was displayed only for the clicked connection, and not for all connections, thus preventing customers from being able to compare such price with the prices of other connections. The German Federal Union took the view that this practice did not meet the requirements laid down by Article 23 of Regulation (EC) No. 1008/2008, which requires transparency in the prices set for air services. This led the German State to bring an injunctive action to cause Air Berlin to discontinue said practice. The claim was upheld at both the application and appeal stage of the relevant proceedings. Subsequently, Air Berlin submitted the matter to the German Federal High Court, which decided to stay the proceedings and ask for a preliminary ruling from the Court of Justice as to 1. whether Article 23 of Regulation (EC) No. 1008/2008 must be interpreted as meaning that, during the computerised booking process, the final price to be paid must be indicated at all times when prices of air services are shown, including when they are shown for the first time; and 2. whether, during the computerised booking process, the final price must be indicated only for the air service specifically selected by the customer or for each air service shown. In a nutshell, the Court, by the here---discussed judgment determined that Article 23 of Regulation (EC) No. 1008/2008 must be interpreted as meaning that, in the context of a computerised air ticket booking system, the final price to be paid must be indicated not only for the air service specifically selected by the customer, but also for each air service in respect of which the fare is shown. Clearly the above judgment will place air companies under an obligation to update and adjust (when needed) their computerised ticket booking and payment systems, in consideration of the primary need for consumers to be aware at all times of the actual price payable for a ticket and be able to compare the price of the service selected with the prices for other air services in respect of which the fare is shown.

• 전기의세계
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• v.44 no.10
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• pp.14-22
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• 1995

소음에 관련된 법규가 점차 강화되어 이제 소음문제는 작업장이나 기계의 운전시 의례히 발생되는 그냥 참고 지내야 하는 문제가 아니고 반드시 해결해야 하는 것으로 인식되고 있으며 또한 소비자들의 저소음 제품 선호로 관련 업계의 소음에 대한 연구개발 노력도 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 고에서는 이러한 소음문제의 심각성을 고려하여 생산시설과 관련된 산업설비에 의한 소음문제의 원인 및 대책을 검토하고 관련 업계에서 실시하고 있는 저소음화 기술 동향을 중점적으로 기술하고자 한다.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.293-301
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• 2017

Most new products not only suddenly disappear in the market but also quickly cannibalize older products. Under such a circumstance, retailers may have too much stock, and customers may be faced with difficulties discovering products suitable to their preferences among short life cycle products. To address these problems, recommender systems are good solutions. However, most previous recommender systems had difficulty in reflecting changes in customer preferences because the systems employ static customer preferences. In this paper, we propose a recommendation methodology that considers dynamic customer preferences. The proposed methodology consists of dynamic customer profile creation, neighborhood formation, and recommendation list generation. For the experiments, we employ a mobile image transaction dataset that has a short product life cycle. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed methodology has a higher quality of recommendation than a typical collaborative filtering-based system. From these results, we conclude that the proposed methodology is effective under conditions where most new products have short life cycles. The proposed methodology need to be verified in the physical environment at a future time.

• Environmental engineer
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• s.58
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• pp.8-11
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• 1991