• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.13-20
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• 2012

Many fire-fighters suffer from the burn injuries, and the severe burns are the most catastrophic injury a person can survive, resulting in pain, emotional stress, and tremendous economic costs. It is important to understand the physiology of burns for prevention from skin burns and a successful treatment of a burn patient. But a few researches have been presented because the complex physical phenomena of our inside body like non-linearity characteristics of human skin make them difficult. Thus in this study, thermal analyses of biological tissues exposed to a flash fire causing severe tissue damage were studied by using a finite difference method based on the Pennes bio-heat equation. The several previous models for skin thermo-physical properties were summarized, and the calculated values with those models of tissue injury were compared with the results obtained by the previous experiment for low heat flux conditions. The skin models with good agreement could be found. Also, the skin burn injury prediction results with the best model for high heat flux conditions by flash flame were suggested.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.94-101
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the noise exposures of firefighters according to their time-dependent activity patterns. Methods: Personal exposure levels were measured for six days and nights using noise dosimeters; three days and nights for on-duty tasks, the other days and nights for off-duty activities. Results: The total amount of time spent in the workplace was 13,677 min (67%), outside areas 4,833 min (23%), in transit 1,002 min (5%), and other indoor area 807 min (4%) during a working period. However, during off-days they spent 10,858 min (76%) at home, 1,382 min (10%) outdoors, 1,225 min (9%) other indoors, and 493 min (3%) in transit. As a result of individual exposure levels, TWA did not exceed 90 dBA of the occupational exposure limit for the majority of the firefighters, whereas the levels of Lmax were 119 dBA, which were higher than the noise levels of firefighters in USA. Sometimes during dispatching the levels of Lpeak exceeded the ACGIH exposure standard (140 dBC). The Leq levels in transit were higher than the levels in home and other indoors even though the activity time is short. Conclusions: This paper characterized the noise exposure patterns of firefighters in Korea. We suggest that special noise sources, including sirens and speaker phones, should be readjusted to reduce noise exposure.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.710-721
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to prepare an environment that can provide high-quality 119 rescue services by analyzing the causes of casualties at the water rescue and suggesting improvement plans to prevent them. Method: 5 major cases were analyzed among firefighters' casualty accidents during rescue activities related to the water over the past 10 years for case study. And the causes of the accidents were analyzed in terms of 4 values (Man, Machine, Media, Management) through the 4M analysis technique. Result: ① man: the main causes are lack of awareness of on-site safety, etc ② machine: the problem of the absence of the equipment itself, etc ③ media: the lack of information on the rescue site and the poor rescue environment conditions, ④ management : the main causes were the absence and inadequacy of the response manual for each rescue site, Conclusion: ① man: knowledge of SOP and reinforcement of education and training, etc. ② machine: there are measures such as the introduction of equipment suitable for the changing rescue site, ③media: providing sufficient information about the rescue activity environment and conducting regular road training, ④ management: policy suggestions such as establishment and dissemination of on-site safety management plans and manuals were derived.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.96-113
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• 2013

The concept of disaster management of cultural heritage is not clearly established and the range and type of it is not organized yet. Also, there is an ever-present danger in the field control because there is no system that can provide safety of cultural heritage from various dangerous factors. Concretely, institutionally, the regulation of disaster management of cultural heritage remains limited and there are not enough reasonableness in installation and management of fire-fighting equipment and safety equipment. Also, we need to take an action to secure the safety of cultural heritage from its surroundings. In this research, we setup the concept, type and criteria for disaster management of cultural heritage to overcome limitations and problems of management of cultural heritage. In addition, in order to raise the level of disaster management of cultural heritage, this research proposes direction to reinforce the disaster management of cultural heritage by investigating and analyzing consciousness of security guards and fire-fighting officers.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.105-111
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• 2013

This study aimed to identify the recognition of fire risks on their field operations among firefighters and contribute to setting up safety measures accordingly. A self-administered questionnaire were used to evaluate their recognition of job risks. About 93.4% of respondents answered they have exposed to job risks and 73.4% answered that they had high safety awareness. Our study showed that the lower service years and ranks the fire officers had, the lower relevance in statistics their awareness of the risk of the field operations and safety concerns had. The vulnerable group is those aged 20 to 39, with under 10 years of service, at a lower rank of senior fire sergeant. The study suggests coming up with the measures to motivate the officers to perform safe operations by improving their safety awareness.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.95-106
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• 2014

Purpose : This study was attempted to check the correlation between job satisfaction and turnover intention and to provide the basic information to increase job satisfaction of fire fighters. Methods : A total of 369 questionnaires were distributed and 354 questionnaires were filled out and collected for analysis. Results : There was difference in turnover intention by general characteristics. According to position, group of Fire lieutenant or more is lower than that of Fire sergeant or less (F=3.61, p=.014). The group of rescue & emergency service and administration was significantly lower than other groups(F=4.84, p=.001). In pattern of duties, day service group was significantly lower than shift work group in .05 level(t=2.59, p=.022). Finally, in the correlation, the more job satisfaction increase, the more turnover intention decrease that represents inverse correlation between job satisfaction and turnover intention(r=-.523, p <.001). Namely, it represents the results that the higher job satisfaction is low turnover intention. Conclusion : More studies of fire officer in other cities are required to generalize the results. We have to develop program for job satisfaction for fire officer firstly, because program for job satisfaction used in this study was not developed for fire fighters.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.105-124
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• 2023

Modern society is facing an unstable environment due to unexpected accidents and hazardous situations. For example, incidents such as the collapse of the Bundang Bridge and the crushing accident in Itaewon could serve as examples. In addition to these, critical emergencies like sudden cardiac arrests and strokes frequently occur, requiring swift actions and smooth transfers to specialized medical institutions for effective responses. In response to these risks, the country has been establishing various systems to protect the lives and safety of its citizens. Among these, the 119 First Aid Activities plays a crucial role within the emergency medical system. Its goal is to promptly respond to critical emergency situations involving severe trauma patients or patients with serious illnesses, minimizing damage and safeguarding lives by swiftly transferring them to emergency medical institutions for specialized treatment. The core activity related to this is emergency rescue operations. In particular, the 119 First Aid system serves as a crucial institution responsible for the hospital transportation of emergency patients. However, rescue personnel still encounter cases of interference with their activities during their duties. Despite efforts from the police, these interference cases persist, and they share similarities with the crime of obstructing official duties. Interference with emergency activities exhibits a comparable nature to instances such as physical assaults and equipment damage against emergency medical practitioners working within the emergency medical system. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding and improvement efforts regarding the issues of interference that arise during the process of emergency medical activities, including the 119 First Aid system, are necessary. The solution to these problems is to establish and improve the conditions for obstruction of first aid activities, focusing on the "Framework Act on Firefighting" and the "Act on 119 Rescue and Emergency."

• 재활복지
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.63-88
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• 2017

This study evaluated the actual status of special needs of the hearing-impaired person for disaster response. The analysis revealed a significant level of unmet needs in disaster response for hearing-impaired person. The 5 special needs in disaster response include: 1) communication needs, which involve securing the means to make an emergency rescue request and communicating information during the rescue process; 2) transportation needs, which indicate the effective evacuation capacity and the level of training; 3) medical needs, which address the degree of preparedness for physical and mental emergency measures and the delivery of health information for rescue and first aid process; 4) maintaining functional independence needs, which refer to the level of self-preparedness to minimize damage in disaster situations, and; 5) supervision needs, which correspond to a personalized support system provided to disaster-vulnerable groups.