• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.45 no.12
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• pp.152-158
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• 2008

In shallow water environment, the detection performance of an active sonar using matched filter with LFM(linear frequency modulation) pulse can be seriously degraded by reverberation which is considered as non-white noise. To reduce the effect of reverberation, a whitening filter preceding the matched fitter, is usually adopted. In the conventional pre-whitening filter, it is assumed that local stationarity is preserved between detection block and its right ahead block. And then by using the characteristics of the reverberation of preceding block, the reverberation of detection block is estimated and whitened. According to the environment of shallow water, the stationarity of reverberation may be preserved for more blocks. In this case, the reverberation of the detection block can be estimated more accurately if more blocks are used. In this paper, the real reverberation signal which is obtained from shallow sea is analyzed and its proper region of estimation block is examined. And the performance of pre-whitening matched filter is compared and analyzed according to the region of estimation block.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.11-22
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• 2022

Unlike a short-range, a long-range underwater acoustic communication(UWAC) uses low frequency signal and deep sound channel to minimize propagation loss. In this case, even though communication signals are modulated using a covert transmission technique such as spread spectrum, it is hard to conceal the existence of the signals. The unconcealed communication signal can be utilized as active sonar signal by enemy and presence of underwater vehicles may be exposed to the interceptor. Since it is very important to maintain stealthiness for underwater vehicles, the detection probability of friendly underwater vehicles should be considered when interceptor utilizes our long-range UWAC signal. In this paper, we modeled a long-range UWAC environment for analyzing the detection performance of underwater vehicles and proposed the region of interest(ROI) setup method and the measurement of detection performance. By computer simulations, we yielded parameters, analyzed the detection probability and the detection performance in ROI. The analysis results showed that the proposed detection performance analysis method for underwater vehicles could play an important role in the operation of long-range UWAC equipment.

• Defense and Technology
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• no.1 s.143
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• pp.66-71
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• 1991

미 해군의 항공 대잠전에대한 연구노력의 전체적인 흐름은 대잠용 전자장치의 개선에 모아지고 있으며, 특히 액티브 소나와 비음향감시기재의 성능향상에 중점을 두고 있는 것으로 보인다. 소련의 기술적인 진보에 대항하여 짐수함을 탐지하는 새로운 방법의 연구는 예산의 뒷받침이 미흡한 관계로 엄청난 자금을 필요로 하는 신형 항공기 구입보다는 구형 항공기에 혁신적인 전지장치를 장착하여 근대화시키는 방향으로 추진될 것이다

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.329-344
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• 2023

In this study, we comprehensively analyze the generalization performance of various deep learning-based active sonar target classifiers when applied to small and imbalanced active sonar datasets. To generate the active sonar datasets, we use data from two different oceanic experiments conducted at different times and ocean. Each sample in the active sonar datasets is a time-frequency domain image, which is extracted from audio signal of contact after the detection process. For the comprehensive analysis, we utilize 22 Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) models. Two datasets are used as train/validation datasets and test datasets, alternatively. To calculate the variance in the output of the target classifiers, the train/validation/test datasets are repeated 10 times. Hyperparameters for training are optimized using Bayesian optimization. The results demonstrate that shallow CNN models show superior robustness and generalization performance compared to most of deep CNN models. The results from this paper can serve as a valuable reference for future research directions in deep learning-based active sonar target classification.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.215-222
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• 2017

An active synthetic aperture sonar mounted on small UUV is generated various trajectory disturbances in the traveling path by the influence of external underwater environments. That is the phase mismatch occurs in the synthetic aperture processing of the signals reflected from seabed objects and fetches the detection performance decreases. In this paper, we compensated deteriorated images by the active SAS autofocus processing using DPC and analyzed the effects of detection performance when the periodic trajectory disturbances occur in the side direction at a constant velocity and straight movement of UUV. Through simulations, the deteriorated images according to the periodic disturbance magnitudes and period variations in the platform were compensated using difference phases processing of the overlapping displaced phase centers on the adjacent transmitted ping signals, and we conformed the improved performance characteristics of azimuth resolution and detection images at 3dB reference point.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.15-19
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• 2006

In shallow water active sonar environment, reverberation which is a non-white noise is one of the main source of performance degradation of target detection. In this case, the received signal is whitened before applying matched filter known as an optimum filter in the presence of white noise. However implementation of this method is very difficult because of the non-stationary characteristic of reverberation. Traditionally reverberation is assumed local stationary. In this paper, we estimate a range of stationary of reverberation signal, and then propose a pre-whitening method which improve the performance of pre-whitening block normalized matched filter in presence of non-white reverberation noise. Proposed whitener shows better whitening performance than traditional whitener because it use later as well as before reverberation of target signal. To evaluate performance of the proposed whitener, an actual measurement data sampled at the East-Sea is used for computer simulation. The target detector with new whitener is shown better performance than detector with traditional whitener.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.9 no.1 s.24
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• pp.24-32
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• 2006

This paper is to analyze the effectiveness of multistatic sonar network based on detection performance. The multistatic sonar network is a distributed detection system that places a source and multi-receivers apart. So it needs a detection technique that relates to decision rule and optimization of sonar system to improve the detection performance. For this we propose a data fusion procedure using Bayesian decision and optimal sensor arrangement by optimizing a bistatic sonar. Also, to analyze the detection performance effectively, we propose the environmental model that simulates a propagation loss and target strength suitable for multistatic sonar networks in real surroundings. The effectiveness analysis on the multistatic sonar network confirms itself as a promising tool for effective allocation of detection resources in multistatic sonar system.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• spring
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• pp.195-198
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• 2004

국과연은 현재 해군에서 운용중인 잠수함의 주요 장비와 연동하고 소나의 탐지성능예측이 가능한 시스템 SAIMS1.0을 개발하였다. 본 시스템의 설계 개념은 다음과 같다. 1) 저주파$\~$고주파 영역 음장계산을 위한 음향모델을 실용화하여 탑재한다. 2) 함 탑재장비와 ENC 기반 전술정보처리용 해도를 연동하여 생산된 음탐정보의 적용성을 최대화한다. 3) 광해역에 대한 정밀 DB를 구축하여 운용한다. 4) CTD 정보로부터 수직음속구조를 추정하는 알고리즘을 개발/탑재한다. 개발된 시스템은 '03.10.-'04.2. 기간 실시된 시험평가를 통해 적용성을 검증하였다.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• autumn
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• pp.455-458
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• 2004

소나 시스템의 표적 탐지 성능을 향상시키기 위해 물리적으로 제한된 길이의 어레이를 확장하는 합성 어퍼쳐 소나에 대한 연구와 실험이 이루어지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 왜곡된 어레이의 형상을 추정하여 왜곡을 보상한 후에 빔 영역에서 어레이를 합성하는 FFTSA(Fast Fourier Transform Synthetic Aperture) 기법의 성능을 분석하였다. 실험 데이터로는 한국 근해에서 견인 어레이로부터 획득한 데이터를 이용하였으며 실측된 데이터로 부어레이 간의 시-공간적인 위상 차이를 보상함으로써 어레이 길이를 확장하였다.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.330-336
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• 2021

In bistatic sonar operation, the scattering strength of a sonar target is characterized by the probe signal frequency, the aspect angle and the bistatic angle. Therefore, the target detection and identification performance of the bistatic sonar may vary depending on how the positions of the target, sound source, and receiver are changed during sonar operation. In this study, it was evaluated which variable is advantageous to change by comparing the target identification performance between the case of changing the aspect angle and the case of changing the bistatic angle during the operation. A scenario of identifying a hollow sphere and a cylinder was assumed, and performance was compared by classifying two targets with a support vector machine and comparing their accuracy using a finite element method-based acoustic scattering simulation. As a result of comparison, using the scattering strength defined by the frequency and the bistatic angle with the aspect angle fixed showed superior average classification accuracy. It means that moving the receiver to change the bistatic angle is more effective than moving the sound source to change the aspect angle for target identification.