• 해운
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• s.99
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• pp.14-20
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• 2013

석유생산이 정점을 짝은 후 감소한다는 피크오일(Peak Oil)의 대표사례로 지목되던 미국에서 원유생산이 39년 만에 증가세로 전환됐다(<그림 1> 참조). 2012년에는 WTI 유가 1% 하락에도 불구하고 미국은 주요 신유국 중에서 이라크에 이어 세계 두 번째로 빠른 석유생산 증가율(8.9%)을 기록하면서 세계 최대 석유 생산국으로 발돋움했다. 최근 들에서는 멜릴린치와 삭소은행 등 일부 투자은행들이 2년 내에 WTI 유가가 배럴당 50달러로까지 하락할 수 있다는 견해를 내 놓았다. 석유 생산 확대세가 이어지면서 미국내에서 거래되는 유가가 절반 가까이 하락할 수 있다는 것이다. 미국이 빠른 석유 생산 확대를 보이는 데에는 비전통 석유인 타이트 오일(Tight Oil)의 역할이 크다. 타이트 오일은 셰일가스가 매장된 셰일층, 즉 모래와 진흙이 굳어진 지하 퇴적암층에 존재하는 원유다. 탄소 함유량이 많고 황 함량이 적은 경질유이기 때문에 LTO(Light Tight Oil)라고 지칭되기도 한다. 일부에서는 셰일층이라는 매장위치를 감안해 셰일오일(Shale Oil)이라 부르기도 한다. IEA와 EIA 등 주요 에너지 기관들은 동식물의 사체가 원유로 변하기 전 단계인 케로젠(Kerogen)이 주성분인 오일셰일(Oil Shale)과 오일셰일에 열을 가해 합성 석유로 만든 셰일오일을 타이트 오일과 구분하고 있다. 타이트 오일의 잠재력을 평가하고 중장기 생산 전망과 이로 인한 국제석유시장 파급효과를 살펴본다. 다음은 엘지경제연구원에서 발표한 '셰일혁명으로 부상한 Tight Oil, 유가 안정 역할 커진다'의 주요 내용을 요약 정리한 것이다.

• The Korean Journal of Petroleum Geology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.21-35
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• 2008

Oil shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock that includes organic matter called "kerogen". When the kerogen is heated at moderate temperature, petroleum-like liquids are produced through the kerogen. Although it has been reported that oil shale reserves are enormous in amount, totaling at least 2.9 trillion barrels of oil, a great deal of its reserves still remain untapped. This report presents the viability and recent state of oil shale development, which will further validate the feasibility of oil shale development as well as pertinent technology.

• Korea Petroleum Association Journal
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• s.306
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• pp.34-37
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• 2018

지난 수년간 저유가가 지속되면서 저유가 구도가 장기화내지 고착화되는 게 아니냐는 주장이 지배적이었다. 특히, 셰일혁명으로 불리는 미국의 셰일오일 증산이 무한정 계속되리라는 가정하에, 유가의 회복은 곧 미국 셰일오일의 증산으로 인한 과잉공급 상황을 가져오기 때문에 이제 저유가 구도는 장기적으로 고착화된다는 논리다. 더구나, 상대적으로 생산비가 낮은 사우디 등 산유국들은 미국 셰일 산업을 고사시키기 위하여 대응 증산을 할 것이기 때문에 유가회복은 요원하다는 인식이 지배적이었다. 그러나 사우디 및 미국 셰일오일의 증산 경쟁을 전제로 한 이러한 저유가 구도 장기화 주장은 더 이상 유효하지 않다는 것이 필자의 생각이다.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.62-67
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• 2008

Oil shale is a sedimentary rock that contains organic compounds called kerogen that are released as petroleum-like liquids by retorting. In order to evalute oil shale as alternative oil resources, the physical properties of oil shale samples from US and Russia were investigated and Fischer assays were carried out. Thermogravimetric analysis shows that thermal degradation of oil shale consisted of two stage processes, with hydrocarbon release from kerogen followed by $CO_2$ release by carbonate decomposition. Organic compounds in oil shale have an high hydrogen/carbon ratio, and therefore liquid hydrocarbons could be obtained easily. Shale oil yields from Russian and US oil shales by Fischer assay were 12.7% and 18.5%, respectively. The density and boiling point of shale oils are higher than that of Middle East crude oil, indicating that further upgrading processes are necessary for refinery. On the other hands, sulfur contents are relatively low, and the amounts of Vanadium and Nickel are extremely small in shale oil. It was found that paraffins were rich in US shale oil while main components of Russian shale oil were oxygenated hydrocarbons.

• 사료
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• s.70
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• pp.41-45
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• 2014

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.83-93
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• 2015

This study investigated genetic, mineralogical and spectral characteristics of oil shale and coal samples in Dundgobi area, Mongolia. Based the Rock/Eval and Total organic carbon (TOC) analysis, kerogen type, hydrogen quantity, thermal maturity and depositional environment were confirmed. Moreover, the mineral composition of oil shale and coal samples were analyzed by XRD and spectroscopy. The result of Rock Eval/TOC analysis revealed that the samples of Eedemt deposit are immature to mature source rocks with sufficient hydrocarbon potential, and the kerogen types were classified as Type I, Type II and Type III kerogen. On the other hand, the samples from Shine Us Khudag deposit were mature with good to very good hydrocarbon potential rocks where kengen types are defined as Type I, Type II/III and Type III kerogen. According to the carbon and sulfur contents, the depositional environment of the both sites were defined as a freshwater depositional environment. The XRD analysis revealed that the mineral composition of oil shale and coal samples were quartz, calcite, dolomite, illite, kaolinite, montmorillonite, anorthoclase, albite, microcline, orthoclase and analcime. The absorption features of oil shale samples were at 1412 nm and 1907 nm by clay minerals and water, 2206 nm by clay minerals of kaolinite and montmorillonite and 2306 nm by dolomite. It is considered that spectral characteristics on organic matter content test must be tested for oil shale exploration using remote sensing techniques.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.361-369
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• 2015

Interest of unconventional Oil and Gas, which is produced in a different way, has been increasing due to exhaustion of traditional oil and gas. However production of unconventional Oil and Gas is closely related to its technology level. Accordingly in this research, we can analyze technology level of unconventional Oil and Gas with country/sector/year patent analysis. Through the result of this research, U.S is highest patent application national, patent application in oil sand is increasing. In addition, oil sands-realated patents and shale oil-realated patents applying actively in early 1970's and since the mid-1980's showed a decreasing trend. And patent application in unconventional oil and gas has been increasing due to the rise in the oil price 2000's.

• Journal of the KSME
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• v.54 no.11
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• pp.46-51
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• 2014

이 글에서는 최근 북미지역을 중심으로 개발이 활성화되고 있는 셰일가스 및 유전의 기술개발 동향에 대하여 소개하고자 한다.

• Korea Petroleum Association Journal
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• no.12 s.46
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• pp.72-76
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• 1984

• Korea Petroleum Association Journal
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• no.9 s.19
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• pp.110-114
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• 1982