• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제8권5호
• /
• pp.446-451
• /
• 1993

In ethanol fermentation, by-products such as glycerol, acetic acid and lactic acid are produced along with ethanol. The effects of culture conditions on cell growth ethanol production and by-products biosynthesis were investigated in ethanol fermentation using S. cerevisiae. With increasing aeration rate or yeast extract concentration, ethanol and by-products biosynthesis decreased while final cell mass increased. With increasing glucose concentration or decreasing temperature, final cell mass, ethanol and by-products concentrations all increased. The optimal pH for the cell growth, ethanol and by-products productions was found to be pH 4.5. By-products biosynthesis was found, in general, to proceed with the ethanol biosynthesis. The results can be applied for the optimization of ethanol fermentation and for the recovery and purification of ethanol from the culture broth.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• 제38권3호
• /
• pp.213-219
• /
• 2008

The plasticity of nervous system is generated not only due to changes in neurons but also due to changes in neuroglial cells. Astrocyte is important for maintaining the normal brain function and controlling the neuronal functions. The amygdala receives an array of important sensory information of danger signals. This information is further transduced and integrated to produce the highly adaptive emotion, fear. In this study, morphometric changes in the cell bodies of astrocytes in the amygdala, induced by prenatal stress and restraint stress were examined. For this purpose. rats were classified into 4 groups; control group (CON), only restraint-stressed (starting on P90 for 3 days) group (CONR), prenatally-stressed group (PNS), and prenatally and restraint (on P90 for 3 days) stressed group (PNSR). Astrocytes were verified with anti-GFAP immunohistochemistry, counter stained with methylene blue/azure II and were examined using the Neurolucida. Results showed that astrocytes in the amygdala of PNS rats had significantly larger cell bodies than did CON rats and this was enhanced further by restraint stress. Thus this data showed that hypertrophy of the astrocytic cell bodies of amygdala complex is induced by prenatal and restraint stress.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.111-119
• /
• 2011

목적 : 이 연구는 봉독이 세포자멸사 관련 단백질의 발현 조절을 통하여 세포자멸사를 유도하고 전립선 암세포주인 DU-145 세포의 성장을 억제하는지를 확인하고 해당 기전을 살펴보고자 하였다. 방법 : 봉독을 처리한 후 DU-145의 세포자멸사를 관찰하기 위해 TUNEL staining assay를 시행하였으며, 세포자멸사 조절단백질의 변동 관찰에는 western blot analysis를 시행하였다. 결과 : DU-145 세포에 봉독을 처리한 후, 세포자멸사의 유발, 세포자멸사 관련 단백질의 발현에 미치는 영향을 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. DU-145 세포에서 봉독을 처리한 후 세포자멸사가 유도되어 세포성장이 억제되었다. 2. 세포자멸사 관련 단백질 중 분리된 pro-apoptotic proteins인 PARP, caspase-3, caspase-9은 유의한 증가를 나타내었다. 3. 세포자멸사 관련 단백질 중 분리된 anti-apoptotic proteins인 Bcl-2, p-AKT, XIAP, cIAP2는 유의한 감소를, MMP2, MMP13은 유의한 증가를 나타내었다. 결론 : 이상의 결과는 봉독이 인간 전립선 암세포주인 DU-145의 세포자멸사를 유발함으로써 전립선암세포 증식억제 효과가 있음을 입증한 것으로 전립선암의 예방과 치료에 대한 효과적인 치료제 개발에 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제34권5호
• /
• pp.377-385
• /
• 2001

배경: Cisplain과 같은 세포돗성 약제에 대한 내성은 폐암 치료 실패의 중요한 원인이다. 이러한 항암제에 대한 내성의 발생기전은 복잡하고 아직 완전히 알려져 있지 않지만 불량한 예후의 원인으로 생각된다. 특히 약제 내성이 발생한 환자의 경우 기존의 종양의 급속한 성장뿐 아니라 새로운 전이 병소가 급속히 발생 및 진단됨은 약제 내성을 가진 종양이 전이에의 용이성을 획득하는게 아닌가 의심케한다. 이를 규명하기 위해 Cisplatin에 내성을 지닌 비소세포폐암 세포주 H460/CISm이 전이 능력을 Cisplatin에 민감한 비소세포폐암 세로주 H460과 비교하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 약제 내성 세포주를 확보하기 위하여 H460세포에 cisplatin을 점차적으로 증가시켜 처리한 후 배양하였다. H460 세포와 H460/CIS 세로에서의 혈관신생인자와 성장관련인 자의 발현양상, gelatin zymography 분석 그리고 in vivo 실험으로 nude 마우스에서의 자발적 전이 능력의 차이를 비교하였다. 결과: H460 세포를 이식한 마우스에 폐에서는 종양이 형성되지 않았으나 H460/CIS세포를 이식한 마우스 10마리중 8마리에서 종양이 형성되었다. 또한 H460/CIS 세포주에서 전이 관련 유전자로 알려진 angiopoietin-1, vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase 2 등이 더 발현되었고, 전이의 침습성을 유발하는 gelatinase의 활성이 증가된 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 결론: 본 여구 결과를 통해 cisplatin에 내성을 가진 비소세포폐암세포에서 전이 능력이 증가될 수 있다고 여겨지며 이러한 사실을 토대로 초기 비소세포폐암 환자의 수술 전 항암약물요법의 타당성에 대해서 이야기 하기 위해서는 많은 임상적 연구가 필요하리라 생각된다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• 제35권9호
• /
• pp.1115-1120
• /
• 2006

The effect of cinnamon ethanol extract (CN) on HT-29 cancer cell line has been examined. CN inhibited the growth of HT-29 colon cancer cells in a concentration and time dependent manner but not the growth of CCD-112CoN normal colon cells. And CN markedly inhibited the production of $PGE_2$ and cGMP as well as the mRNA expression of COX-2. These data suggest that non toxic concentration of CN has a significant inhibition effect on the growth of HT-29 cells, probably through the inhibition of $PGE_2$ production via COX-2 inhibition, and may have value as a safe chemopreventive agent for colon cancer.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• 제19권9호
• /
• pp.1251-1257
• /
• 2009

We investigated the growth inhibitory effect of internal organs of Todarodes pacificus (TP) on proliferation in human cancer cell lines in vitro. The internal organs of TP were extracted with methanol (TPM), which was then further fractionated into four subfractions by using a solvent partition method, resulting in hexane (TPMH), methanol (TPMM), butanol (TPMB), and aqueous (TPMA) soluble fractions. We determined the cytotoxic effect of these four fractions in three kinds of cancer cell lines - HepG2, MCF-7 and HT-29 - by MTT assay. Among the four subfractions of TPM, TPMH showed the strongest cytotoxic effects at a concentration of $300{\mu}g$/ml, displaying 91.56% on the HepG2 cell line and 85.93% on the MCF-7 cell line. Morphological changes such as membrane shirinking and blebbing of cells were also observed during TPMH treatment of HepG2 cells. In addition, we also observed quinone reductase (QR) induced effect in the methanol (TPMM) layer of HepG2 cells. TPMM showed the highest induction activity of quinone reductase on HepG2 cells among the other partition layers. The QR induced effect of TPMM was determined to be 2.7 at a level of $360{\mu}g$/ml with a control value of 1.0. Although further studies are needed, the present work suggests that internal organs of Todarodes pacificus (TP) may be a chemopreventive agent for the treatment of human cells.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.92-95
• /
• 1992

A model for the role of serum was proposed to develop a low serum medium for the large scale cu1ture of mammalian cell. The strategy of medium development adopted in this study facilitated the understanding of the role being carried out by the serum in the culture of hybridoma KAl12 cell line. In this model, the serum components were divided into two main groups : the first group encompasses the nutrient factors that determine the maximum cell density and the second group includes the growth factors that regulate the cell growth rate, The model prediction was compared with the experimental results. The model enabled us to find out several useful aspects of medium composition for cell growth. 1) One particular component in the basal medium became limiting factor when serum concentration level was more than 7%. 2) The growth regulating factors and nutrient factors limited the cell growth at 3% and 5% serum concentration levels respectively.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제43권4호
• /
• pp.231-235
• /
• 2000

The changes of calmodulin levels, calmodulin-binding proteins, and $Ca^{2+}$/calmodulin-dependent glutamate decarboxylase during the growth of tobacco suspension cells were investigated. Tobacco cells exhibited a typical growth curve, including an exponential growth phase between 3 and 5 days after inoculation, and an apparent stationary phase occurring after 5 day. Although slight changes were observed from sample to sample, calmodulin protein levels remained similar during the phases of culture growth. Several $Ca^{2+}-dependent$ calmodulin-binding proteins including 56, 46, 36, and 32-kDa proteins were detected in tobacco cell extracts. The 56-kDa protein was identified as glutamate decarboxylase by Western-blot analysis using an anti-GAD monoclonal antibody. The levels of GAD protein and the specific activity of GAD enzyme were highest during the middle exponential phase of the culture growth cycle. These data suggest that $Ca^{2+}$/calmodulin-dependent glutamate decarboxylase is modulated during the growth of tobacco suspension cells.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.268-273
• /
• 2000

A microbiological hydrogen production process was optimized. Anaerobic photosynthetic bacteria like Rhodospirillum rubrum which is known to produce hydrogen from carbon monoxide efficiently and remove sulfur was used. To evaluate the potenital of this microorganism the optimization of media fermentation condition light intensity and light requirement for CO conversionwas tried in batch cultures and the continuous fermenter was also applied for this process. The gas residence time on CO conversion was sought out to get high conversion of carbon monoxide to hydrogen. Through this study the possibility of microbial synthtics gas concersion process was proposed.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.104-109
• /
• 2001

The antifungal effects of polyphosphates on growth of Candida albican and Trichophyton mentagrophytes were studied. The polyphosphates with chain length of 15, 45, and 75 were inhibitory to growth of fungi whereas no inhibition was shown by pyrophosphate. As chain length increase, the more inhibitory effect of the polyphosphates on fungal growth was observed. The concentration of polyphosphate at $800\;{\mu}g/ml$ completely inhibited the growth of fungus. Supplementation of the medium with $Mg^{2+}\;and\;Ca^{2+}$ reduced inhibitory effect of polyphosphate on growth of C. albican treatment of C. albican with polyphosphate, the release of nucleic acid out of cell was observed. When C. albican exposed to polyphosphate were examined, profound changes of cell morphology such as cell swelling and surface blebs were observed. In addition, propidium iodide, membrane impermeable dye, stained the nucleus of C. albican cell treated with polyphosphate. Therefore, it is proposed that the antifungal activity of polyphosphate might be related with its chelation effect to essential cation components of fungal cell wall or membrane.