• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.35-44
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• 1999

Dendritic cells(DC) are a system of highly efficient antigen-presenting cells that initiate the primary immune response. There are two kinds of dendritic cells in the skin, Langerhans cell in the epidermis and dermal dendritic cell in the dermis. The knowledge of DC, which are very important in the immune reponse of cancer, autoimmune disease, transplantation and infection, has been known through the study about Langerhans cells. In this paper, the role of Langerhans cell in the contact hypersensitivity and atopic dermatitis is discussed and culture methods of mouse Langerhans cells and human U from pheripheral blood monocytes are described.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.12
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• pp.1551-1558
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• 2002

Purpose : Loss of hippocampal interneurons in dentate gyrus has been reported in patients with severe temporal lobe epilepsy and in animals treated with kainic acid(KA). Interneurons contain $Ca^{2+}$- binding protein parvalbumin(PV). The effects of kainic acid on parvalbumin-immunoreactive (PV-IR) interneurons in dentate gyrus were investigated in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. Methods : Cultured hippocampal slices from postnatal day nine C57/BL6 mice were exposed to $10{\mu}M$ KA, and were observed at 0, 8, 24, 48, 72 hours after a one hour KA exposure. Neuronal injury was determined by morphologic changes of PV-IR interneuron in dentate gyrus. Results : Transient(1 hour) exposure of hippocampal explant cultures to KA produced marked varicosities in dendrites of PV-IR interneuron in dentate gyrus and the shaft of interbeaded dendrite is often much thinner than those in control. The presence of varicosities in dendrites was reversible with KA washout. The dendrites of KA treated explants were no longer beaded at 8, 24, 48 and 72 hours after KA exposure. The number of cells in PV-IR interneurons in dentate gyrus was decreased at 0, 8 hours after exposure. But there was no significant difference in 24, 48 and 72 hours recovery group compared with control group. Conclusion : The results suggested that loss of PV-IR interneurons in dentate gyrus is transient, and is not accompanied by PV-IR interneuronal cell death.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.111-120
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• 1990

Effects of royal jelly(RJ) on the immune system in normal and cyclophosphamide(CY)-treated mice were investigated. The results were as following: 1. Body weight, spleen weight, thymus weight, WBC, cell-mediated immunity (CMI, contact hypersensitivity to DNFB), humoral immunity (HI, Hemagglutinin-, Hemolysin-titer) were increased or decreased dependent on the day of administration of RJ in normal mice. But it showed no effect on liver weight and RBC. 2. Combined treatment with RJ in CY-treated mice on the day which RJ showed the increasing activities in normal mice inhibited the decrease of survival rate, body weight, spleen weight, WBC and CMI caused by CY, but no effect on the decrease of thymus weight and HI induced by CY.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.363-370
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• 1991

인체감염이 다발하는 폐흡충증의 혈청학적 진단에서 항원으로 사용하는 성충추출액은 여러단계의 질환 이행과정을 진단하는 항원으로서 문제가 있다. 이를 해결하려면 먼저 추출액내의 성분단백질의 성상을 파악할 필요가 있다. 이 연구에서는 폐흡충 성충 추출액으로 면역시킨 BALB/c mice의 비장세포와 SP2/0 형질세포종 세포를 세포융합하여 제작한 단세포군항체를 이용하여 친화성크로마토그래피로 폐흡충 성충의 구성단백질의 일부를 순수분리하고 성상을 관찰하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 세포융합으로 PFCK-21, PFCK-44, PFCK-136, PFCK-189 등 4종류의 단세포군 항체를 얻었다. 그중 PFCK-21과 PFCK44는 17k Da, PFCK-136은 23, 46, 92 kDa 단백질에 반응하였고 PFCK-189는 여러종류의 단백질에 반응하였다. 2. PFCK-44 단세포군항체를 고리로 친화성 크로마토그래피를 실시하여 분리한 성분 단백질은 disc-PAGE상 4번째에 위치하고 분자량이 17 kDa로 알려진 단밸질이었다. 이 단밸질은 17 kDa의 monomer로 판단하였다. 면역조직화학염색을 실시한 결과 이 단밸질은 장관 상피세포에 반응하고 있었다. 3. PFCK-136 단세포군항체로 순수분리한 단밸질은 disc-PAGE상 1번 단밸질(440 kDa)이었으며 환원성 SDS-PAGE에서는 23 kDa 단밸질이었다. 면역조직화학염색으로 이 단세포군항체는 충란내 세포에 강하게 반응하고 있었다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.37 no.sup2
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• pp.297-310
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• 2007

치조골 흡수는 파골세포와 matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)에 의한 골의 무기질과 유기질의 파괴로 일어나는 과정이다. 세균성 산물, 주로 내독소는 치은조직 내에서 염증세포의 유주, 사이토카인 생산, 조직파괴 효소 분비 및 파골세포 활성 등의 국소 면역반응을 유도한다. A. actinomycetemcomitans는 급진성 치주염의 원인 균주중 하나로 그 내독소는 치조골의 흡수와 관련된다. MMP-13은 세균성 산물이나 염증성 사이토카인의 자극에 의해 분비되며, 최근의 연구 결과들은 MMP-13이 치주질환의 진행과 골 흡수 과정에서 일정한 역할을 담당하는 것으로 보고하고 있으나, A. actinomycetemcomitans 내독소와 MMP-13과의 관련성에 대한 연구는 미미하다. 이에 이번 연구에서는 A. actinomycetemcomitans 내독소에 의한 MMP-13의 발현과 파골세포 형성을 세포배양을 통하여 관찰하였고, 백서 구개부 치은에 A. actinomycetemcomitans 내독소를 주입하여 흡수가 진행되고 있는 치조골에서 파골세포의 분화와 MMP-13의 발현을 TRAP 염색, 면역조직화학적 방법 등을 통해 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. MMP-13 mPNA의 발현은 A. actinomycetemcomitans 내독소 (1ug/ml)로 24시간 자극한 마우스 치주인대 섬유모세포에서 생리식염수로 자극한 세포에 비하여 약 2.6배 증가하였으며 마우스 대식세포에서는 TRAP 양성 세포가 대조군보다 더 많이 나타났다. A. actinomycetemcomitans 내독소를 주입한 백서 치주조직에서는 대조군보다 더 심한 골소실을 보였다. TRAP-양성 다핵 파골세포 유사세포는 치주염군과 대조군 모두 치조골에서 관찰되었다. TRAP-양성 다핵 파골세포 유사세포는 치주염군에서 대조군보다 유의하게 많은 숫자가 관찰되었으며, 치주염군에서 대조군보다 유의하게 많은 숫자가 관찰되었다. MMP-13 면역양성 반응은 치주염군에서 거친 골연을 갖는 치조골상에 배열된 조골세포와 그 인접한 치주인대에서 관찰되었으며 대조군에서는 MMP-13 면역 양성 반응이 치조골 표면에서만 일부 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과는 A. actinomycetemcomitans 내독속가 MMP-13의 발현을 증가시키며 파골세포의 활성을 통하여 치조골의 흡수를 유도함을 시사한다. 또한 A. actinomycetemcomitans 내독소 투여에 의한 실험적 모델은 백서에서 중등도의 골 소실을 동반한 만성 치주염 모델로 향후 치주질환 치료제의 효과를 평가하는데 유용하게 사용될 수 있으리라 기대된다.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.448-461
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• 2013

Inflammatory bowel disease, known as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is an unexplained disease characterized by chronic inflammation that repeats a cycle of relapse, improvement, and complications. The cause of inflammatory bowel disease is not clearly known, but it is predicted that a complex of various factors precipitate its occurrence. In particular, inflammatory mediators, such as cytokine, induce an increase in cell-mediated inflammatory responses. Focal tissue damage then occurs in the intestinal mucosa because of the weakening of the immune-modulating functions of cotton. Immune and inflammatory responses do not decrease appropriately but continue until they lead to chronic inflammation. Current research has focused on the cytokine genes, which have important roles in these inflammatory responses. Cytokine is a glycoprotein that is produced mostly in activated immune cells. It connects the activation, multiplication, and differentiation between immune cells, which causes focal tissue damage and inflammatory response. Moreover, butyrate, which originates in dietary fiber and plays an important role in the structure and function of the intestinal area, shows control functions in the intestinal immune system by decreasing the proinflammatory cytokine and increasing the anti-inflammatory cytokine. Therefore, this research investigated the molecular mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effects of butyrate to comprehend the cytokine controlling abilities of butyrate in the immune cells. Butyrate is expected to have potential in new treatment strategies for inflammatory bowel disease.

• The Microorganisms and Industry
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.38-50
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• 1991

Flow cytometer(유식세포분석분리기:FCM)는 부유되어 있는 세포의 여러 특성을 측정할 수 있도록 고안되었기 때문에 동물의 체내에 있는 세포중 자연적으로 부유되어 있는 혈구세포를 분석하기가 가장 용이하다. 면역계에서 가장 중추적인 역할을 담당하며 면역반응에 특이성과 기억능력 등을 부여하는 림프구와 탐색작용을 가장 왕성히 나타내는 과립구나 단구 등이 혈액내에 존재하기 때문에 FCM을 이용하여 개체의 방어기능을 맡고 있는 면역세포를 분석하는 일이 가장 먼저 활발히 이루어졌음은 당연하였다. 도한 1970년대 면역학이 큰 발전에 이룩한 단크론항체가 Miller와 Kohler에 의하여 개발되었기 때문에 면역세포의 분화항원에 대한 여러 종류의 단크론항체는 FCM의 이용으로 면역세포를 여러 아형으로 분석하고 분리가 가능하게 하였다. 마지막으로 FCM이 최근에 개발된 것에 맞추어 세포성 면역학이 30년 전부터 급속도로 연구되었으므로 면역학적 연구가 FCM의 이용으로 더욱 활성화되었음은 주지의 사실이다. 이런 시점에서 저자는 FCM의 원리와 면역생물학에서의 FCM의 역할에 대하여 간단히 소개하려고 한다.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.99-107
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• 1998

Cyclosporin A(CsA) is a selective immunosuppressive agent that has been credited with improved survival of solid organ allografts. Lymph node of BALB/C mouse administered CsA immunohistochemically observed to understand immunosuppressive effects of CsA on T lymphocytes, IL-2 receptors, and natural killer NK cells in lymph node. CsA orally administered daily for 10days at the dose 45mg/kg/day/. The lymph node were obtained at day 3, 7, and 14 after CsA administration and embedded with paraffin, and then stained by following ABC method that used monoclonal antibody including L3T4(CD4), Ly2(CD8), IL-2R(CD25), and NK-1.1(CD56). There were little changes of reactive degree and number of helper T lymphocytes, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, IL-2 receptors, and NK cells at day 3 after CsA administration, but they began to decrease at day 7. These decrease were greatest at day 14. The helper T lymphocytes. cytotoxic T lymphocytes, IL-2 receptors, and NK cells distributed in paracortex and medullary sinus. These results indicated that the secretion of IL-2 began to decrease at day 7 after CsA administration and subsequently to suppress T lymphocytes and NK cell as components of cell-mediated immunity.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.269-275
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• 1993

Tissue distribution of RHDV in rabbits were examined by immunofluorescence and ABC methods. Tissues including liver, spleen, kidneys, lungs and brain were frozen, cut in a crycut, and fixed in 10% buffered formalin, embedded in paraplast, and cut $5{\sim}7{\mu}m$ thickness. Sections were immunostained Tissue distribution of RHDV in rabbits were examined by immunofluorescence and ABC methods. Tissues including liver, spleen, kidneys, lungs and brain were frozen, cut in a crycut, and fixed in 10% buffered formalin, embedded in paraplast, and cut $5{\sim}7{\mu}m$ thickness. Sections were immunostained with primary antiserum and conjugated second antibodies as recommended by manufacturer. None of the cultures tested showed virus-induced phenomena. Immunoreactive products were commonly found in the liver, in some cases there were also positive staining in the spleen and kidneys. Other organs showed weak or insignificant immunoreactions. By ABC method on the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded liver tissues, strong immunoreactivity was found in the periportal triad lesions and peripheral lesions of the hepatic lobules. Immunoreactive products showed diffuse fine granular in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes and sinusoidal cells. In some cells, immunoproducts marginate at the periphery of the cells. The intensive staining of the cytoplasm of infected cells allowed their exact differentiation from surrounding uninfected cells. The positive area involved coincided with histopathological lesion on serial liver sections. In conclusion, liver was proved to be a consistent target organ in RHD, and the immunoperoxidase method in the section of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded hepatic tissue could be broadly used for the routine diagnosis of the disease.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.71-78
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• 1979

This study was undertaken to elucidate the mechanism of the cyclophosphamide(CY)-induced potentiation of cell-mediated immune response by observing the effect of the phytohemaggllutinin(PHA) treatment before the CY administration into mice. Cy administration reduced the circulating white blood cells especially lymphocyte. PHA pretreatment before CY administration enhanced the depressing effect of CY administration on white blood cells. CY administration suppressed both the antibody formation to sheep red blood cells(SRBC) and rosette formation on the spleen cells with SRBC severely. On the other hand, CY administration potentiated the delayed-type hypersensitivity(DTH) strongly. Injection of PHA into mice slightly inhibited both the antibody formation and the DTH. PHA pretreatment before CY administration into mice suppressed not only humoral immune response but also cell-mediated immune response and the degrees of suppression were most remarkable when the PHA pretreatment was performed 5 days before CY administration. This depression of DTH caused by PHA pretreatment before CY administration may be the result that PHA stimulation make the helper cell sensitive to CY. The potentiation of cell-mediated immune response by CT may be due to the destruction of CY-sensitive suppressor T cell.