• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.578-589
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• 2002

The purpose of this research was to analyze the residual water retention and to determine the number and species of microorganisms from the wet cotton fabrics in dehydration and drying process during washing. The drying rates of terrycloth and interlock knit under the rainy seasons were measured according to the dehydration and hanging methods, layers of fabric and pre-treatment agents. Microorganisms were isolated from the dried terrycloth by pure culture, and were identified by Biolog system. The results are as follow: The initial water retention of fabrics after dehydration decreased in the order of dripping>centrifuge>squeezing method, which affected the drying rate. The drying rates were faster by increasing surface area of fabrics. There was no significant difference in drying rate among the fabrics pre-treated with detergent, or fabric softener, or cationic surfactants such as Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB) and Benzalkonium chloride(BC). Puedomonas aureginosa was found in the fabrics treated with a powder-type detergent. On the other side, there was no growth of microorganism in the fabrics treated with a liquid-type detergent (containing antibacterial agent), CTAB and BC.

• Clean Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.149-158
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• 2004

Supercritical carbon dioxide is often promoted as an environmentally friendly solvent having useful properties for a wide range of technical and chemical processes. But the limited ability of $CO_2$ to dissolve polar or non-volatile compounds represents a major drawback in many processes, because the key components will often fail to form homogeneous solution under practical conditions. The design of $CO_2$ soluble ($CO_2$-philic) surfactant to aid this process is therefore paramount in these areas, which has advanced the "greening" of demanding yet important applications in dyeing, cleaning of fibers and texiles, polymerization and polymer processing, photoresist removal, electroplating, and chemical synthesis.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.863-875
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to survey the clothing behavior, care and the fiber preferences of multi-cultural families living in Korea. The data was collected using questionnaire surveys based on pre-tests, and a main survey conducted in Seoul, Gyeonggi Province and Chungcheong Province. The 258 participants came from 151 multi-cultural families and 107 Korean families. The results of this study were as follows: First, Filipinos owned more clothes than the Chinese and bought clothes more frequently. The Filipinos spent 10,000~30,000 Korean won on all types of clothing. Each time, the Chinese spent more money when purchasing jackets. Second, when health was the greatest concern for underclothes, they chose cotton fiber as their preferred fiber. When beauty was of greatest concern for blouses they chose cotton. When beauty was of greatest concern for skirts and jackets they chose natural fibers such as silk, wool or linen. Filipinos preferred synthetic fibers because they are easy to care for, and the Chinese preferred natural fibers due to their beauty, especially for pants. Third, multi-cultural families laundered at home using only a washing machine. All fibers were laundered together into the washer without any sorting. This study can contribute to providing basic data for an understanding of the clothing behavior and laundry styles of multi-cultural families which may be useful data in the apparel market in Korea given the relative and direct changes relevant to various clothing cultures.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.716-724
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to investigate the washing methods specified on care labels of blue jeans and to examine the appropriateness of the specification. In the study, the present condition of care labels on 100% cotton blue jeans was investigated and the consumers' washing methods of blue jeans were surveyed. Also, the shrinkage of blue jeans after washing was measured. The major results were as follows: 1. In spite of the fact that same materials of 100% cotton denim were used in all cases, washing signs on care labels showed very differently and the symbols of hand wash, using light duty detergent, no wring, drying in shade, and warm ironing with a covering cloth were demanding too high level of care for the protection of blue jeans. 2. Almost all consumers didn't follow instructions proposed on care labels because they didn't anticipate problem. In reality, most consumers washed blue jeans by machine in cold water with heavy duty detergent at standard course, dried under the sun, and didn't iron. The 40.8% of consumers didn't have problems even if they didn't follow instructions. Most problems happened after washing were shrinkage in length, but in shrinkage test after 15 times washings, it was found that there was no serious shrinkage problem. 3. For ideal care of blue jean, it is necessary for manufacturers to recognize the importance of care label and to stick correct appropriate care label. Also, consumers have to trust and follow instructions on care label.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.25-48
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• 1996

이 연구의 목적은 에틸렌이민 유도체를 갖는 아조계 분산 염료의 폴리에스테르 섬유에의 응용과 최적화된 폴리에스테르 염색 조건의 확립이다. 이들 아지리디닐 염료는 구조가 유사하며 말단에 하이드록시기를 갖는 염료(아지리디닐 염료의 가수분해 형태)와 비교하여 최대 흡수 파장의 천색적으로 천이 됨을 알 수 있었다. 세가지 아지리디닐 모노 아조 염료와 이들 염료의 가수분해 된 형태 그리고 디메틸아니린계 아조 염료의 폴리에스테르 섬유에 대한 염색 및 견뢰도 성질이 조사되었다. 아지리디닐 아조 염료는 산성 조건에서보다 염기성 조건하에서 보다 안정하였고, 뛰어난 build-up이 높은 pH조건에서 얻어졌으며, 폴리에스테르 염색 시 130$^{\circ}C$, pH 10의 조건에서 최적화된 색상 강도를 얻었다. 아지리디닐 염료는 이 염료의 가수분해 형태와 디메틸아닐린 염료와 비교하여 개선된 세탁 견뢰도를나타내었고 이는 용매 추출을 이용하여 확인 하였다. 아지리디닐 아조 염료는 역시 광 련뢰도에서도 또한 상용화된 분산 염료에 비교하여 높은 결과를 나타내었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.61-61
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• 2011

비스코스 레이온(Viscose Rayon)은 목재 펄프를 원료로 한 재생섬유로서 은은한 광택과 발색성, 흡습성 등의 기능 뿐만 아니라, 천연섬유에 찾을 수 없는 Numeri감(Smoothness), Drape(처짐)성, 반발탄성을 가지고 있는 지극히 친환경적이며 자연순환형 소재로 인식, 지구온난화에 따른 CoolBiz Look 패션소재인 레이온 소재에 관심이 증대되고 있다. 한편, 레이온 소재는 수분흡수 시 강도저하, 수축과 구김, 염색 불균염 등의 문제점과 섬유공정상 생활취급상에 많은 애로를 가지고 있으며, 구성고분자가 수소결합에 의해 강고하여 "신축문제", 수분흡수시 팽윤(Swelling)에 의한 형태불안, 즉 "수축문제"가 개선해야 할 고질적 문제로 남아 있다. 또한, 습식방사에 따른 분자구조적 불안정성으로 건 습열처리시 형태불안정(치수변화율이 큼)으로 제직(준비) 및 후공정상 여러 가지 Trouble 유발과 완제품 세탁시 수축발생으로 종종 Dry Creanning해야 하는 문제점들이 내재되어 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 레이온 소재의 형태안정화 제품을 개발하기 위하여 복합사가공 및 염색가공 기술을 개발하고자 하며, 신축 및 복합기술에 의한 Rayon DTY, T/R 신축 및 복합기술에 의한 Rayon DTY, T/R 복합가공사를 개발, 제편직 요소기술과 최적의 전처리 조건, 다양한 염료의 종류, 염색온도 조건 등에 관한 연구를 진행하였다.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.135-149
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• 2017

Microplastics are fractions of plastics less than 5 mm in size and can be divided into artificially manufactured primary microplastics and physically or chemically decomposed secondary microplastics. In this study, the emission source of microplastics made by the human activities is defined as the primary source of microplastics. And the primary sources of microplastics were summarized by using the literature and the emission potential of each source was estimated. As a result, this study showed that 63,000 to 216,000 ton/year of microplastics were discharged into the environment. Among primary sources, transport, tyre dust, and laundry were the major primary sources.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.49-67
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• 1996

이 연구의 목적은 에틸렌이민 유도체를 갖는 아조계 분산 염료의 나일론 6.6 섬유에의 응용과 최적화된 나일론 염색 조건의 확립이다. 두 쌍의 염료 A-1/A-2와 D-1/D-2의 최대흡수파장(&{\lambda}_{max}&)을 비교할 경우, 아세톤 최대흡수파장(λ$_{max}$)의 차이가 없거나 적어졌다. 세가지 아지리디닐 모노 아조 염료와 이들 염료의 가수분해 된 형태 그리고 디메닐아닐린계 아조 염료의 나일론 6.6 섬유에 대한 염색 및 견뢰도 성질이 조사되었다. 아지리디닐 염료의 나일론 섬유상의 최대 염착은 pH 5에서 얻어졌으며, 염색된 나일론 섬유에서의 용매추출의 경우 최소 염료 추출은 pH 8.0-10.0 에서 얻어졌다. 아지리디닐 염료 염색된 나일론 섬유상의 세탁 견뢰도와 광 견뢰도는 염색 시 pH의 증가에 따라 증가하였으나, pH 8에서의 견뢰도 성질이 pH 10에서와 비교하여 보다 개선되었다. 세가지 아지리디닐 염료가 이들 염료의 가수분해 된 형태 그리고 디메틸아닐린계 아조 염료와 비교해서 나일론 6.6 섬유상에서 보다 개선된 견뢰도를 나타내었고 이는 염료와 섬유간의 공유 결합으로 기인한 것으로 여겨진다.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.115-122
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• 2011

Ecotoxicological effects of synthetic detergents such as laundry detergent and $Shampoo^{(R)}$ on cocoon productivity, hatchability, number of hatched individuals per cocoon and growth of next generation of Eisenia fetida population were evaluated. Synthetic detergents mixed with earthworm feed increased the cocoon productivity, number of hatched individuals per cocoon and growth of next generation of Eisenia fetida population, but there was no effect on hatchability. From those results, it could be concluded that synthetic detergents that might be present in the sewage sludge would not cause ecotoxicological effect on Eisenia fetida population.

• English & American cultural studies
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.63-88
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• 2017

Al Capone Does My shirts is a book that received the Newbery Honor Award in 2005. The novel is set on Alcatraz Island, where the Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary housed the most dangerous and heinous criminals during the Great Depression era, and is centered on autism. The purpose of this study is to analyze the living conditions of a family with an autistic child in Al Capone Does My Shirts and the family's spiritual growth through conflict and pain. This study finds that the parents' and siblings' pain from the autistic child is certainly a negative experience, but such pain can help grow the family's love and spirit. Moose, the protagonist, grows into a mature teenager who truly understands his autistic sister and attempts to remedy his mother's wrongdoing. The mother also lays down her unreasonable expectations for her children, learns how to wait and observe from a patient's point of view, and mends her relationship with her son. This novel thus conveys a hopeful message: the family of disabled children can overcome difficulties stemming from the disability through continuously trying to understand each other.