• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.29 no.12 s.148
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• pp.1619-1626
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• 2005

The durability of a stretch fabric is mainly related to the change in the dimension and mechanical properties of elastomeric fibers during wearing and washing. In this study, we examined the effects of washing temperature, presoaking time and the number of washing cycles on the change in length, tenacity, elongation at break, and permanent elongation after six repeated cycles of $100\%$ extension and relaxation of spandex yams with varying fineness and with a different rate of extension during heat-set. The spandex yarns continued to shrink as the wash temperature and the number of wash cycles increased. In addition, the finer spandex yams decreased in length more than the thicker yams. The increase in temperature and presoaking time tended to cause a slight decrease in the tenacity and elongation at break of the spandex yarns. Permanent elongation of the spandex yams also increased as the temperature, presoaking time and the number of washing cycles increased. Moreover, an extended presoaking time followed by washing at $40\%$ like repeated washing cycles showed the great increase in the permanent elongation of spandex yams. The thinner spandex yin had a better elasticity than the thicker one, since the former had a lower permanent elongation percentage than the latter. Based on the DSC thermograms, the melting points of the spandex yarns after washing were almost the same as those of the spandex yarns before washing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.947-958
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• 2008

To study the effect of a washing machine with silver nano technology on its detergency, the discoloring of the dyed clothes and the staining of standards adjacent fabrics were examined. As the laundry specimen, cotton fabric dyed with reactive dyes and Polyester fabric dyed with disperse dyes were chosen; and as the adjacent fabrics, undyed cotton. polyester and nylon fabrics were chosen. The colorfastness was evaluated after washing under conditions that those washing temperature, liquor ratio, detergency concentration and the type of water were varied. When the clothes were washed with the tap water contains silver ion, the deposition of silver compounds into the washed clothes was measured. As a results, after the washing in the various conditions, discoloring of the dyed clothes was not intense. The higher the washing temperature and the lower the liquor ratio, the larger the staining appeared on the white fabrics; especially for the white nylon fabrics. The concentration of detergent and the type of water affected hardly the colorfastness. After the repeated washing with the water contains silver, whiteness of the cotton and the nylon fabrics were lower than the result after the washing with the tap water, and a quantity of silver ions was found on the washed clothes.

• Proceedings of KHEA Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.119-119
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• 2001

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.150-159
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• 2009

Generally, the operating efficiency of the washing machine is mostly affected by the washing time. The washing time is determined by the amount and the type of the laundry. Although the type of the laundry is easily inputted by the user, but the amount of the laundry is difficult to do. For this reason, the specific process is existed for the estimation of the laundry and the time of the washing mode is determined by the estimated laundry. Therefore, this paper proposes the washing load estimation algorithm by the inertia estimator. The proposed algorithm is implemented on the PMSM drive using the low cost position sensor for practical washing machine application. The proposed algorithm is verified by the drum washing machine for the practical load condition test.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.11
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• pp.1798-1811
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• 2010

This research evaluates the changes in the comfort-related properties of high-density fabric, such as moisture permeability and waterproofness, in order to assess the relative importance of laundry conditions for clothing properties after repeated laundering and suggest the best laundering conditions for high-density fabric through the identification of the most influential factor. A commercial high-density fabric was washed 25 times in a drum-type washer using nine different laundry conditions based on profiles derived from a fractional factorial design. To evaluate the changes in the comfort-related properties of the fabric, pore size, air permeability, water vapor transport, water repellency, and water resistance were measured. The comfort-related properties of the fabric deteriorated after repeated laundering by the damaged surface finish; in addition, the damaged surface also changed the pore size. As a result, the water repellency and water resistance decreased. The detergent was the most responsible factor to change the properties among the four factors of detergent, hardness, temperature, and RPM. The best laundering conditions for the fabric was a neutral detergent, soft water of 70ppm, a temperature of $15^{\circ}C$, and 30rpm.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.93-100
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• 2018

This study comparatively analyzed the changes in the dimensional stability and the mechanical properties of stretch knit fabrics associated with washings conditions in order to determine the most appropriate washing method. Polyester and spandex knit fabrics were washed 25 cycles with nine washing condition profiles that controled detergent, hardness. temperature and RPM. The knit fabrics with repeated washings were evaluated by dimensional stability and measured by the KES-FB system. Polyester and spandex fibers have good chemical resistance. However, the changes in the dimensional stability and the mechanical properties were observed in washed knit fabrics. After repeated washings, the knit fabrics washed in an alkali or neutral detergent had good dimensional stability compared with the knit fabric washed in functional detergent. The washed knit fabrics were extended, stiff, rough, and had a smaller volume. The changes were the result of the rearrange of polyester fibers which twisted around spandex core and chemical interactions involving the detergent and the physical and mechanical forces of washing. Especially, using an alkali detergent resulted in increased stiffness and roughness of the knit fabric. In conclusion, the washing in water with low hardness and a neutral detergent can minimize the changes in dimensional stability and mechanical properties of polyester and spandex knit fabric.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.1405-1411
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• 2003

본 연구의 목적은 기계에 의한 객관적 오염제거 평가와 육안에 의한 주관적 오염제거 평가를 비교하기 위한 것이다. 본 연구를 위해 백색의 순면직물과 65%/35% 폴리에스테르/면직물 시료에 9가지의 오염을 각각 처리한 오염포를 제작한 후, 세탁 실험을 하였다. 주관적 오염제거의 평가는 오염시키지 않은 포를 기준시료로 하여 오염포와 같은 조건으로 세탁한 후, 오염제거도를 AATCC Gray Scale for Staining으로 평가하였다. 세탁 후 오염제거도를 객관적으로 평가하기 위해서 각 시료의 K/S values, CIELAB, CMC, ASTM E313 Whiteness Index(WI), ASTM E313 Yellowness Index, and CIE tristimulus values를 구하였고. 세탁에 의한 control 시료의 반사율 변화에 대한 오염포의 반사율 변화를 비교한 오염제거율(PSR)을 구하였다 육안에 의한 주관적 평가 결과와 기계에 의한 객관적 평가의 결과와의 관계를 파악하고자 상관분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구 결과, 주관적 평가와 객관적 평가사이에 유의적인 상관관계가 확인되었으며, 주관적 평가 결과 중 WI가 주관적 평가 결과와 가장 상관관계가 높았으며, PSR과 주관적 평가 결과와의 상관이 상대적으로 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 백색포의 오염 판정이 필요한 산업체에서 현재 많이 사용하고있는 PSR보다는 WI나 다른 색차를 이용하여 객관적 오염 평가를 하는 것이 주관적인 오염평가 결과에 더 근접할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2013

This study analyzes the explosion hazard of dry cleaning solvent recovery machine in laundry shop in two aspects, i.e. combustible and ignition source, and determines the explosive conditions of this machine by conducting mockup explosion tests repeatedly, varying conditions and using real dry cleaning solvent recovery machines. As to combustibles, two kinds of combustibles used widely in Korea have been selected and tested. The flash points, LEL's, and saturation vapor pressures of those combustibles have been measured, and their explosion specific curves have been drawn, based on the results of the measurements, so that the explosion risks of those materials may be determined, depending on the temperatures. Potential voltages generated from materials for laundry and foreign materials of metals have been assumed to be the ignition sources in this application, and their potential voltages have been measured, depending on temperature, humidity, and antistatic agent, by using real materials for laundry and a potential voltage measuring device. Tests have been conducted, varying the quantities, concentrations, and operating temperatures of materials for laundry. As a result, explosions have not been generated with potential voltages of materials for laundry, but explosions have been observed when applying artificial spark energy of 2.0 mJ.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.89-100
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• 2018

This study was performed to develop face towel fabrics that reflect consumer's tactile preferences. Three different kinds of pile fiber (100% cotton, 50% cotton/50% bamboo, 100% bamboo) of the towel fabrics were selected for the test. The towels were laundered one, five and 10 times repeatedly in a normal washing condition, and fabric softeners were applied to the towels that were laundered 10 times. The flexibility and absorbency (absorption rate and water absorptivity) were evaluated by laundering times of the face towels. Male and female university students evaluated their subjective sensations of the face towels. The flexibility of towel fabrics showed no significant difference according to type of pile fiber or laundering time. The absorbency of the towels was significantly different according to the type of pile fiber and laundering time. The absorption rate was higher in 100% bamboo fiber, and water absorptivity was higher for cotton fibers. There were no significant differences in subjective sensation according to the type of pile fiber of towels before laundering. As the frequency of laundering increased, the tactile preference for the towel slightly decreased. The 100% bamboo towel was rated the most comfortable among the three kinds of towels. The tactile preference for the towels was influenced by smoothness, fabric softness, and softener treatment, in that order.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2011.03a
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• pp.65-65
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• 2011

천연염색에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있지만 색상의 재현성, 견뢰도의 취약성, 디자인의 제한성의 문제로 실용화의 한계에 부딪히고 있다. 이를 극복하기 위하여 본 연구는 침염 위주의 천연 염색에서 벗어나 키토산을 바인더로 이용하는 날염의 유효성을 검토하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 키토산을 바인더로 이용한 방법을 제시하고자 키토산과 광물성, 동 식물성 안료를 혼합하여 날염호를 조제하여 날염하였다. 키토산의 점도와 농도, 키토산을 이용한 바인더와 안료의 비율 등을 변화시키고 날염직물의 색상과 염착량, 세탁 일광 마찰 견뢰도를 측정하여 적정조건을 도출하였다. 기존의 합성바인더와 구아검을 사용한 경우의 색상, 염착량, 견뢰도와 비교하여 키토산 날염 바인더로서의 유효성을 검토하였다. 키토산을 바인더로 이용한 날염방법에서 적정 점도는 저 중점도, 농도는 1.7%정도가 적절한 것으로 판단하였다. 날염호 제조시 안료의 비율을 증가시켜 진한 색상을 얻을 수 있었으며, 그 비율은 광물성 안료의 경우 1:4, 동 식물성 안료의 경우 1:10까지 변화시켜 명도의 차이를 나타낼 수 있다. 실험결과를 바탕으로 적정조건에서 날염한 직물의 견뢰도를 평가한 결과, 광물성 안료의 경우 4등급 이상, 동 식물성 안료의 경우 3등급 이상으로 우수하게 평가되었다. 안료의 비율이 높아지면 마찰 견뢰도는 감소하였다. 키토산, 구아검, 합성바인더의 색상과 견뢰도를 비교해 본 결과 색상은 동일한 계열로 나타났으며, 키토산을 바인더로 이용한 경우 세탁, 일광, 마찰 견뢰도는 구아검보다 우수하게 평가되었다. 합성바인더의 경우 세탁, 마찰 견뢰도는 비슷하게 나타났으며, 일광견뢰도의 경우 키토산이 더 우수하게 평가되었다.