• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.330-337
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• 2015

Research was conducted to investigate germination and establishment characteristics of five fescue species. Alternative conditions of 8-hr light at $25^{\circ}C$ and 16-hr dark at $15^{\circ}C$ were applied. Significant differences were observed in seed germination power, germination speed and germination peak time. Germination power was 62.25% in CRF 'Audubon' to 96.75% in TF 'Olympic Gold'. It was greater with TF over FF, being TF > HF > SF > CF > CRF. Germination speed, measured as days to seed germination of 50% through 80%, was fastest with TF, medium with CF and HF, and slowest with CRF and SF, being TF > CF, HF > CRF, SF. Germination peak time was much faster with TF over FF. It ranged from 0.94 to 1.47 days with TF. But it varied with 2.80 to 12.36 days among FF species. The peak time was longer in order of HF, SF < CF < CRF. Considering germination power, germination speed and germination peak time, TF 'Arid III' was the best cultivar under alternative conditions, while CRF 'Audubon' the poorest. Overall establishment characteristics among Festuca species were even better with TF over FF in order of TF > CF, HF > SF > CRF.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.38
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• pp.143-191
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• 2019

This research argues that Pansori had patrons in its development. Patrons are commonly discussed aspect of history of any art form. Pansori is no exception. While Pansori originally began as the art of the common people, Yangban class became the primary audience. This paper examines the role of royal family of Choson dynasty in development of Pansori. Heungseon Daewongun (흥선대원군) in particular was a Pansori aficionado. The record around Daewongun's involvement to Pansori proves that heavy monetary investment was made. He hosted Pansori competitions and sponsored creation of Pansori tradition, Boseong Sori (보성소리) and Gangsanje (강산제). Also the aspect of Pansori patronage lies not just in Yangban class, but also in Jung'in class, which is roughly analoguous to European bourgeois in that they were not of Yangban class, but had gained monetary status, and had aesthetics of both Yangban and commoner class. I argue that Heungseon Daewongun's ties to the Jung'in class is reflected in his actions towards Pansori artists. The traditions he had sponsored have important characteristics, including sophisticated lyrics heavily utilizing Classical Chinese poetry, highly artistic musical composition, and conservative Confucian ethics. Those characteristics indicate that the Pansori traditions sponsored by the royal patrons have changed to cater to their artistic taste and philosophy. This paper conducts a textual comparative analysis between Gangsanje Pansori Jeokbyeokga (강산제 판소리 적벽가), Dongpyeonje's Pansori Jeokbyeokga (동편제 판소리 적벽가), and Seopyeonje Pansori Jeokbyeokga, who share the same plot yet offers a stark differences in tone, philosophy, and sense of humor. Daewongun was a primary sponsor of Pansori, which proves that Yangban class and the royal family have played important role as patrons of Pansori.

• Journal of Information Technology and Architecture
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.359-369
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• 2014

This paper aims to analyze the change of dominion in Russian automotive market and Korea port to export cars to the Russia. First, we provide the current market structure and growth potentials of Russian automotive industry by using literature reviews and data survey. Next, we analyze the current situation to export cars through the Korean seaports using the BCG (Boston Consulting Group)'s matrix method. The analysis shows that the Russian car market has growth potential. The result of expectation of Russian major car export's port within 3~5 years since the year 2013 shows that the Pohang Port will maintain current market share because it has higher market share and growth potential. On the contrary, the Guangyang Port, Busan Port, and Ulsan Port will lose the market share because of the low growth potential. Also, the Incheon Port will become the cash cow market because it has more than 10 percent market share and higher growth potential. To increase the car export volume of ports to Russian market, this paper proposes that we should provide a differentiated service to Russian port based on the analysis of domestic or foreign car export logistics structure and flow. For further study, EA-based framework should be applied for efficient and effective policies.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.215-224
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• 2009

A survey on the actual state of heating, cooling, ventilation, and air-flow and experimental measurement of temperature and humidity distribution in tomato greenhouse were performed to provide fundamental data required in the development of air-flow control technology. In single-span plastic houses, which account for most of 136 tomato greenhouses surveyed, roof windows, ventilation and air-flow fans were installed in a low rate, and installation specs of those facilities showed a very large deviation. There were no farms installed greenhouse cooling facilities. In the hot air heating system, which account for most of heating type, installation specs of hot air duct showed also a large deviation. The exhaust air temperature and wind speed in hot air duct also were measured to have a big difference depending on the distance from the heater. We are using the maximum difference as indicator to determine whether temperature distribution is uniform. However if the temperature slope is not identical in greenhouse, it can't represent the uniformity. We analyzed relation between the maximum difference and the uniformity of temperature and humidity distribution. The uniformity was calculated using the mean and standard deviation of data from 12 measuring points. They showed high correlation but were represented differently by linear in the daytime and quadratic in the nighttime. It could see that the uniformity of temperature and humidity distribution was much different according to greenhouse type and heating method. The installation guidelines for ventilation and air-flow fan, the spread of greenhouse cooling technology for year-round stable production, and improvement of air duct and heating system, etc. are needed.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.16
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• pp.23-42
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• 2003

Most of the taxes in Korea are collected using a voluntary reporting payment system that meets most financial requirements. However, many people are unaware of their tax liability, and legal forces to ensure payment of taxes are weak within the Korean social structure. Therefore, the tax system cannot depend only on people's awareness of their tax liability, and for these reasons the Korean government has been investigating a system for fair taxation and the administrative punishment for tax evasion. In addition, an improvement to the taxation system is strongly 'demanded in order to protect taxpayers' rights, and improve the efficiency and rationality of the system. In this study, I compare and analyze the problems related to each nation's tax investigation system, and then propose an improved plan for a tax investigation system in Korea. It is necessary to prescribe in the bylaws of the Office of National Taxation that the investigator's performance rating or incentives are not affected in any way by the tax investigator's actual records on tax collection, as this type of evaluation can easily lead to conflicts with the primary goals of the law or written constitution.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.10-20
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• 2010

Purpose : Recently, the Recon Challenge at the 2009 ISMRM workshop on Data Sampling and Image Reconstruction at Sedona, Arizona was held to evaluate feasibility of highly accelerated acquisition of time resolved contrast enhanced MR angiography. This paper provides the step-by-step description of the winning results of k-t FOCUSS in this competition. Materials and Methods : In previous works, we proved that k-t FOCUSS algorithm successfully solves the compressed sensing problem even for less sparse cardiac cine applications. Therefore, using k-t FOCUSS, very accurate time resolved contrast enhanced MR angiography can be reconstructed. Accelerated radial trajectory data were synthetized from X-ray cerebral angiography images and provided by the organizing committee, and radiologists double blindly evaluated each reconstruction result with respect to the ground-truth data. Results : The reconstructed results at various acceleration factors demonstrate that each components of compressed sensing, such as sparsifying transform and incoherent sampling patterns, etc can have profound effects on the final reconstruction results. Conclusion : From reconstructed results, we see that the compressed sensing dynamic MR imaging algorithm, k-t FOCUSS enables high resolution time resolved contrast enhanced MR angiography.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.21
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• pp.35-52
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• 2009

The guard system in the last period of the Joseon Dynasty, established at the time of the struggle of invading world powers and the loss of the Dynasty rights, was strengthened to protect the Royal family and the Dynasty from the attacks of foreign powers. While investigating both the military system and the guard system from the beginning of King Gojong's direct royal governing to the time of Japanese annexation of Korea, we realize that the Joseon Dynasty not only lost the support of the public but also had little power to cope with the aggression of foreign countries. The reformation and strengthening by Daewongun, King Gojong's father, was made in preparation for King Gojong's direct royal rule. Nevertheless, the intervention of foreign countries in the domestic affairs of the Joseon Dynasty got worse. As opposed to their intervention, Queen Minbi had engaged in politics, which resulted in murderous attempts on her. The Joseon Dynasty had tried to reform and intensify the guard system. New names such as Muwiso, Chingunyeong, and Siwidai, had been given respectively. Such reformation and intensification had little effect because of two successive victories at the Sino-Japanese War and the Russo-Japanese War of Japan. Japan occupied the Joseon Dynasty by force after all. The guard system of Daehan-jeguk(the Empire of Korea) was eventually incapacitated; an army in the cause of justice was raised instead. However, The state of things and the guard system at that incapacitated period gives a good lesson for the establishment of a modern guard system at the present day.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.471-475
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• 2016

The dark-winged fungus gnats are one of the most serious fly pests attacking the mushroom cultivation in Korea. They cause severe damage to the artificial sawdust beds used to cultivate mushroom, and reduce the production of button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus, in greenhouses. In this study, we collected nine species of the mushroom flies in order to identify the dominant species of the dark-winged fungus gnat attacking the A. bisporus plantation using the yellow sticky trap in Buyeo-gun, Boryeong-gun, Yongin-si and Chilgok-gun from April to June 2015. The collected samples were used to determine the DNA sequence of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) of the nine different species by DNA barcoding. The sequencing results showed that Lycoriella ingenua was the dominant dark-winged fungus gnat species destroying A. bisporus cultivated on the artificial sawdust beds in Korea.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.59
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• pp.395-423
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• 2018

Since the middle of the 19th century, East Asia, especially Korea, was oppressed externally by the imperialism of Japan and others while internally long-lasting political convention like in-law government was driving the country into troubles at home and abroad. Witnessing such a situation and building up scholarly capability through reading over nearly all spheres, a Confucian philosopher, Ch'oe Han-gi (崔漢綺, 1803-1877), philosophized about the clue to the solution of such a choking phenomenon. Ch'oe believed that there was movement, ki (matter, material force, energy) of revolving transformation inherent in all things, people, or objects. Grasping even the principle and order of existence inherent in things from the viewpoint of ki, he tried to change the traditional theory on the law of existence of things that there existed an ontological reason lacking in motility, which was more dominant than anything existing in the universe and which ruled over the world. From this, he elucidated that the Way, an identity that rules over all affairs and things, was not simply one but diverse. This means, on one hand, that he tentatively accepted the relativity of things. On the other hand, he also taught us "oneness in all things" in which all including human beings exist in close connection to each other transcending the relativity or "agreement" in which they exist in harmony as one and "unity" in which they are united into one.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.217-226
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• 2020

Ajaeng is the bowed string instrument among zither instruments in East Asia, which has a circular form to date, and it has established itself as an important instrument in today's creative Gugak along with traditional music. Looking at previous prior studies, musical instrument studies have not been actively conducted due to insufficient data from musical history studies, and this study looked at the origin, form of musical instrument, and performance methods of zither bowed string instrument through historical records of Chinese Yazheng and music drawings. The analysis of various documents showed that Ajaeng originated from an ancient Chinese traditional musical instrument called Chuk. In terms of the performance style, the Chinese Yazheng had different musical forms depending on the purpose and location of the performance, and there was a method of standing up and fixing the musical instrument horizontally to the ground. Ajaeng in Korea has been handed down without much change in the form of musical instruments introduced in China during the Goryeo Dynasty and the way they sit on the floor and play on a pedestal. Through this study, we hope that it will help to preserve and develop traditional music and Korean traditional musical instruments by enhancing understanding of musical.