• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.61-67
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• 2018

Scour protection methods can be categorized as two types: The first is to reduce the horseshoe and wake vortices which are the main reasons for local scour. Either small cylindrical structures or separated vertical deflectors can be placed in front of the pier or the horizontal deflector (or collar) can be attached to the pier like the spoiler to reduce the dynamics of vortical structures. The second is to employ the protection layer to keep the bed material in place, which is a common method with a merit of immediate effect by using block mat or tetrapod. This study examined the effect of scour reduction using the former method. The relationship between the reflector interval and reduction of scour was not clear. It is assumed that the width of the reflector is somewhat correlated with the reduction of the scour. As the KC numbers increases, the Effect of Scour reduction rate is shown to decrease. Also, Scour reduction rate showed a rapid change at $U_R=25$ or KC = 8.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.261-261
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• 2021

자연하천은 직선하천보다 만곡하천으로 존재하는 경우가 많다. 하천의 만곡부에서 2차류 흐름과 나선형 흐름, 원심력이 수충부와 외측제방에 작용하여 하상에 국부적인 세굴이 발생한다. 세굴이 발생하게 되면 수충부나 외측제방에 붕괴나 피해가 일어날 수 있다. 세굴의 피해를 줄이고 만곡부유로를 조정하기 위해 날개형 수제를 설치할 수 있다. 날개형 수제를 설치한 하상은 수제의 두께, 길이, 높이, 간격, 위치, 배열 등에 따라 다르게 반응한다. 본 연구에서는 만곡 개수로에 잠긴 날개형 수제를 설치할 때 만곡 외측에서 수제 열까지의 거리가 만곡부의 유심선 변화에 미치는 영향을 이동상 개수로 수리실험으로 조사하였다. 이동상 수리실험은 폭 1.16 m, 깊이 1 m, 길이 24 m인 90° 만곡 개수로에 d₅₀이 3.3mm인 잔자갈을 깔아 하상경사 1/300로 정리한 후 수제를 설치하는 순서로 이루어졌다. 수제는 폭 20mm, 길이 70mm의 직사각형 단면 목재로 제작하여 설치하였고, 실험별 이격거리는 외측 제방으로부터 8.4 cm, 14 cm, 19.6 cm로 하였다. 실험유량은 140l/s로 3시간 동안 흘린 뒤 하상측정장치를 이용하여 주요 횡단면별 하상고를 측정하였다. 측정한 데이터를 이용하여 최심하상고의 크기와 위치, 유심선의 변화 등을 분석하였다.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.539-552
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• 1998

When the pier is constructed in the cohesive be, the accuracy maynot be obtained because the equation for calculating the scour at piers is based upon the results which are analyzed through the experiments in the non-cohesive bed. In this paper, the variation of the depth of the pier scour occurred by constructing 5 types of pier in the channel having the cohesive material is examined. The experimental results are analyzed based upon Froude numbers and non-dimensional numbers which are indicated as the flow depths compared to the pier width. The results are also compared with the results obtained using the existing pier scour equations. In this paper, the shape factors, which can be used for calculating the scour depth of the pier in the cohesive channel bed, are suggested. The shape factors are indicated through the ratios between the scour depth at the circular pier and the scour depths at the different types of pier, and are suggested as two stages. In the first stage, in which the water depth compared to the pier width is less than 1.2, the shape factors are given as the equations. However, in the second stage the shape factors are given as the constant values. It is understood that the shape factors suggested in this paper can be properly usd for calculating local scour at piers in the bridges which are constructed in the cohesive channel bed having the characteristics of the bed material which is used in these experiments. Keywords : local scour, maximum scour depth, cohesive bed material, pier shape, pier, shape factor.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.21-28
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• 2011

The primary purpose of the present study was to investigate the mechanism causing scour around a pipeline placed on the seabed in a shallow water zone. Such submarine pipelines are usually exposed to currents and waves. The present experiments made estimates for each different flow type. The scour width and depth in the equilibrium scour phase were analyzed by non-dimensional parameters. The experiment in this study considered various parameters: pipe diameters, wave periods, wave heights, and current velocities. Using the experimental results, the correlations of scour width, scour depth, and main non-dimensional parameters such as the Fr number and KC number were analyzed. In the case of steady currents, the scour hole was closely related to the bottom velocity, while the scour hole in waves showed a relatively low correlation to the bottom velocity because when exposed to waves the scour hole was restricted according to the movement distance of the water particles during a wave period. However, the scour width under a steady current was not limited because vortex shedding was well developed from having enough time and distance.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.13-21
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• 2002

A new method called S-SRICOS is proposed to predict the local scour depth around bridge piers. The S-SRICOS method is a simplified version of the SRICOS method which was developed to predict the scour depth versus time curve around bridge piers. The SRICOS method which considers the time effect based on the soil properties and the hydraulic parameters can handle a multi-flood hydrograph and multi-layer soil systems with the SRICOS program. An attempt was made to simplify the method to the point where only hand calculations would be required. The concept of the equivalent time was developed leer this purpose. The S-SROICOS method requires only 4 parameters such as pier width, design bridge life, design velocity corresponding to the design bridge life, and initial scour rate of the soil. The S-SRICOS method was verified against 55 cases of the scour depth results using the SRICOS method.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.644-648
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• 2012

하천 내 설치하는 수제는 제방보호 및 유로변경의 목적으로 하천내 시공되는 구조물 중의 하나로서 하천복원과정에 있어 필수불가결한 구조물 중의 하나로 인식되고 있다. 수제는 대개 하나 이상의 일련의 군집형태로 수로 자체의 특성을 고려하여 설치가 되고 있다. 그러나 이러한 수제의 무분별한 설치는 주변 경관을 저해하거나 시공에 따른 비용 부담을 가중시키기 충분하다. 치수적 목적 이외에 경제적인 문제점을 해결하기 위해서는 실험을 통해 수제의 적절한 간격을 제시하는 것이 필요하다. 수제간격을 제시하기 위한 기초자료를 얻기 위해 본 연구에서는 기존 연직 및 하향군수제 하상변동실험과 동일한 조건으로 상향수제($\theta=45^{\circ}$)를 대상으로 수제간격에 대한 이동상 실험을 수행 하여 수제주변 및 수제역 내에서 발생하는 하상변동특성을 검토하였으며, 기존자료와 비교하였다. 실험결과 흐름집중 증가로 인해 국부세굴이 크게 발생하고 있으며 세굴폭은 수제길이의 3배 지점까지 영향을 미치고 있었으며, 퇴적고는 설치간격이 증가할수록 높게 형성되고 있었다. 연직 및 하향수제자료와 비교한 결과 상향수제는 수제끝단부에서 발생하는 국부적인 세굴에는 불리하나 수제역내 퇴적에는 유리한 것으로 나타났다.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.65-74
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• 1985

This study is an experimental analysis for local scour of the riverbed at pier. The basic equation with dimensionless elements(Pier Reynolds Number, Dimensionless Turbulence Intensity) is derived through dimensional analysis. After testing the goodness of fit of data, the coefficients are determined by multiple regression analysis. In the region where the value of the attack angle is near 20 degrees, there exists a transition region where the slope of equation with Pier Reynolds Number changes from positive to negative and that of equation with Dimensionless Turbulence Intensity changes from negative to positive adversely. As a result of testing the equation suggested on this study by using the data of the Institute of National Construction, it is found that the scour depth and width at pier can be predicted approximately.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.36 no.3 s.134
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• pp.507-520
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• 2003

A V-shaped riffle is an artificial hydraulic structure haying two wings from the streamside with a narrow opening in between. It is usually made of crushed stones or large boulders. It limits channel width and accelerates the flow through the constricted section causing a local scour just downstream. The V-shaped riffle provides with a unique aquatic habitat by forming a pool and sandbars around the pool edge, increasing local morphologic, hydraulic and sedimentological diversity. This study investigates experimentally the scour characteristics of the V-shaped riffle in the sandbed stream and proposes a predictive equation for the scour. Total 45 cases of experiments were conducted to examine the effect of hydraulic factors and configuration of V-shaped riffle on the geometry of scour holes. From the comparison of the experimental results of this study with the predictive equation of spur dike by Breusers and Raudkivi(1991), it is found that their predictive equation of spur dike underestimates the maximum scour depth downstream of the V-shaped riffle. h new predictive equation for the maximum scour depth was developed using the non-dimensional hydraulic and geometrical variables. The parameters used in the proposed equations were determined using the experimental data. The analysis reveals that the scour depth is dependent dominantly on the Froude number at the opening of the V-shaped riffle, while the angle of riffle and the opening width also affect the scour depth. The proposed equation for the scour of V-shaped riffle well agrees with the experimental data. It can be used for estimating the scour of the V-shaped riffle in sandbed streams.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.175-181
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• 2003

In this reseach, a seepage test is carried out for three kinds of soil using a upward seepage equipment. Reliability about the existing method of pipining investigation were verified making an estimate of the critical velocity, the critical hydraulic gradient, and hydraulic conductivity and so on. Also, sensitive analyses were carried out using Plaxis that is FEM Program about design factors of scour. The height of core had a big infulence on the hydraulic gradient of the embankment's lower part in the result of sensitive anaylsis. Also, second only to the height of core, and the slope of embankment, the width of crest had influence on scour. However, the change of hydraulic gradient in the effluent gateway had a little influence on the crest width of core. Using these results of sensitive analysis on designing, hydraulic gradient in the effluence gateway turned out to be reducing by altering design factors that change of sensitiveness is big, in case of the hydraulic gradient bigger than the standard hydraulic gradient.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.221-221
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• 2020

최근 기후 변화에 따라 국내 하천은 급격한 유량 증가로 인해 하상의 변화에 많은 영향을 미치고 있다. 특히, 홍수시 하상의 변화에 영향을 미치는 유량 및 유속, 하상재료의 종류 및 대표입경, 입자의 특성 등이 있으며, 이런 요인들은 하상재료의 유실에 영향력을 미치고 있다. 또한, 하상재료의 유실에 영향을 미치는 하상재료의 단위중량, 대표입경, 재료의 특성과 관련이 있으나, 현재 까지 다양한 연구가 진행되고 있지만, 하상재료의 한계조건에 영향을 미치는 관련된 연구는 국내에서 미비한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 하상의 재료의 종류, 입자의 특성, 입자의 크기에 따라 재료가 가지는 한계 유속과 한계 소류력의 영향력을 파악하고자 진행하였다. 본 연구에서 사용된 실험 수로는 인제대학교에서 개발한 무경사형 고속수로(Jung. 2019)는 수조 제원 가로 1.5 m, 세로 0.95 m, 높이 2.4 m, 수로는 개수로의 형태로 총 길이 10 m, 폭과 높이는 각각 0.3 m인 무경사 고속수로에서 진행되었으며, 사용된 재료는 일반 하천에서 사용되고 있는 모래, 황토를 이용하여 적정 비율을 섞어 시료를 제작하였다. 제작된 시료는 하천설계기준에 제시되어 있는 재료에 대한 등급을 비교했을시, 2-3등급 사이의 재료로 판단되며, 모래와 황토의 비율이 50:50 일때 입도 분포가 가장 좋은 재료로 나타났으며, 제작된 시료를 수로에 삽입하여 유하 전후를 수위센서를 통해 세굴율을 측정하였다. 세굴 측정시 모래 100%로 제작된 시료가 가장 많은 세굴이 일어났으며, 모래 25%, 황토 75%로 이루어진 시료가 가장 적은 세굴이 일어났다. 바이오폴리머의 강도 증진을 보기 위해 세굴이 가장 심하거나, 세굴이 적은 재료에 바이오 폴리머를 섞어 추가 실험을 진행 하였다. 본 연구를 통해 친환경적인 하상재료의 한계유속, 한계소류력에 대한 안정성평가를 진행하여 재료의 안전성에 대해 평가하고 기초자료로 기여하고자 한다.