• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.172-177
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• 2021

As part of the digital era, a digital twin that simulates the weak part of a product by performing a stress test that reduces the lifespan of some expensive equipment that cannot be done in reality by accurately moving the real world to virtual reality is being actively used in the manufacturing industry. Due to the development of IoT, the digital twin, which accurately collects data collected from the real world and makes it the same in the virtual space, is mutually beneficial through accurate prediction of urban life problems such as traffic, disaster, housing, quarantine, energy, environment, and aging. Based on its action, it is positioned as a necessary tool for smart city construction. Although digital twin is widely applied to the manufacturing field, this study proposes a smart city model suitable for the 4th industrial revolution era by using it to smart cities and increasing citizens' safety, welfare, and convenience through the proposed model. In addition, when a digital twin is applied to a smart city, it is expected that more accurate prediction and analysis will be possible by real-time synchronization between the real and virtual by maintaining realism and immediacy through real-time interaction.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.1021-1028
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• 2018

As entering the international construction market became more difficult than the past, ODA projects can be a breakthrough for domestic engineering companies to enter the international market. However, since many companies compete for limited projects, it is necessary to reinforce the competitiveness of bidding success. The competitiveness is the result of accumulating experience, reputation, and networking through partnering. Therefore, depending on which partnering strategy has been taken over a long period, the bidding success is decided. The objective of this study is to identify the effective partnering strategy for bidding success. For this, the World Bank bid results, focusing on consulting projects in Vietnam, are collected. Using the bid results, inter-firm network representing the partnering relationship is constructed and the Social Network Analysis is conducted. After then, by conducting the Logistic Regression Analysis, effective partnering strategies are suggested. The result shows that the diversification strategy is advantageous for transportation and city development projects and the concentration strategy is advantageous for water projects. The partnering strategy for the consulting project proposed in this study will be used as a reference for the domestic engineering companies to enter the Vietnam construction market in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.19-27
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• 2011

By studying 'Sauidangzi' written by Honggyungmo(1774~1851), this paper shows on the location, the space organization, and the landscape culture of 'Sauidang' which was upper class's house in late period of the Joseon. Sauidang was the residence of about 530 kan(about $1,750m^2$) which was given to Jeongmyunggongju(daughter of Sunzo) by Injo when she married with Hongjuwon, located at the good place where Mt. Mokmyuk, Mt. Dobong, Mt. Inwang, and Janwon peak are harmonized all together. The residence was on the foothill of Mt. Mokmyuk, facing to the northeast. The main house was facing to the east with the inner and back yards, and the separate house(Sauidang) was facing to the west with the garden, and a vegetable field was set in the outer yard where is connected with a main road where willow trees were lined up, 'Sauidang' was called as "the garden of princess", and a stair-shaped flower garden was made to the south, and one could look down the Hanyang castle as a whole. In the garden, there were trees and house plants enriching one's mind to wish an eternal life with oddly shaped stones or flowers, and symbolizing a fairly land. There were 38 types of trees that were planted either on the ground or in pots as various bundles like 1 tree, 2 trees, 3 trees, 4 trees, 5 trees, 8 trees, and 9 trees. Taehosuk, oddly shaped stones, stone panels, stone pillars, jade panels, sundial, walls and fences, stone stairs, steppingstones, and buildings were set for the landscape. Also, the residence had rare luxuries of landscaping culture like Wangheeji's Nanjungsoogyeseo, Sosik's Cheeongjeongi, Jomangboo's Jeokbyukboo, and Anpyungdaegoon's Behaedangcheop.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.23-34
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• 2022

Cities around the world are increasing their demand for Urban Air Mobility (UAM) aircraft due to traffic congestion with population concentration. Aircraft with various shapes depending on fixed-wing and propulsion systems, are being prepared for commercialization. Airworthiness certification is required as it is a manned transportation vehicle that flies in the city center and transports people on board. UAM aircraft are vulnerable to lightning and HIRF environments due to the increasing use of composite materials, the use of electric motors, and use of electronic equipment. Currently, the development of certification technology, guidelines, and requirements in lightning and HIRF environments for UAM aircraft is incomplete. In this study, the certification procedures for lightning and HIRF indirect impacts of rotorcraft shown in AC 20-136B and AC 20-158A issued by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), were verified and applied to the computerized simulation of UAM aircraft. The impact of lightning and HIRF on ducted fan UAM aircraft was analyzed through computerized simulation, and the basis for establishing practical guidelines for certification of UAM aircraft to be operated in the future is presented.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.226-256
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• 2023

Gyeongju has been the capital of Silla Kingdom for about 1,000 years, and many cultural heritages of the Silla period, such as the Wolseong Palace Site, Daereungwon Ancient Tomb Complex and Donggung Palace and Wolji Pond, are located in the city. Due to these characteristics, the process of heritagization has been carried out in Gyeongju from the Japanese colonial era to after liberation. Heritagization means selecting things from the past due to the needs of the present and making them heritages. In the case of South Korea, national government-led heritagization was achieved during the Japanese colonial period, and after liberation because of the restoration of national culture and the construction of a national identity. Gyeongju is a representative example. On the other hand, Gyeongju's heritagization process was carried out with little consideration of the local community, and thus the local community and Gyeongju's heritage have been distancing. In 2002, Gyeongju's heritage sites were nominated as World Heritage Sites. With the nomination, the perception of the role of local communities in heritage has been changed, and institutional mechanisms to promote the participation of local communities have been continuously reorganized. However, Gyeongju's heritagization process, which was thoroughly conducted through the central government and expert groups, was the reason why Gyeongju residents actually thought Gyeongju's heritage and the locality of Gyeongju were formed through the central government and expert groups. This has been the result of Gyeongju residents' passive participation in heritagization or heritage management to date. This study analyzed the heritagization process of Gyeongju through literature research and conducted an interview survey of residents who have lived in Gyeongju for a long time to understand the impact of the institutional heritagization process on residents and the relationship with heritage. Based on the analysis results, it was suggested that local residents and communities could take the initiative in managing the heritage of Gyeongju.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.39-46
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• 2007

Many industrialized countries of the world have many problems about the reuse of waste landfill area because the increase of terminated waste disposal landfill. Especially, the effective use of the terminated waste disposal landfill nearby the urban area has been demanded, because of the lack of the usable land. However, the reuse of terminated waste disposal landfill site is needed an adequate stabilization of ground for increasing the bearing capacity and reduce the allowable settlement for the given structure. This study is to evaluate the applicability of geosynthetics for the increment of bearing capacity of solid waste landfill ground. The in-situ cyclic plate loading tests were performed to determine the dynamic and static behaviors of reinforced ground with geosynthetics. Four series of test were conducted with variations of geosynthetics, number of geogrid layer. Based on the cyclic plate load test results, the bearing capacity ratio, subgrade modulus of ground, and the elastic rebound ratio were determined.

• World Technopolis Review
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.206-225
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• 2012

The development of the Surrey Research Park by the University of Surrey is an addition to a number of existing strategies to collaborate with industry that it has developed over its 120 year history. The potential to undertake this development was based on owning a substantial land holding that the University acquired when the Borough Council for the town of Guildford invited the University to relocate from Battersea in London to its new location in 1966. Initial plans for the Park in 1979 were accelerated in 1981 in response to plans by the then government to reduce funding for Higher Education in the UK. Beyond a broad master plan for the site that was based on topography and access to the site the plans that were developed were based on a survey of 100 companies that were deemed to be in the target market for the site and a review of the other 7 science parks that were being developed in the UK in 1981. The findings from this proved to be important in developing the master plan for the site. Another important influence on the project was the objectives that were defined for the 3 stakeholders in the project of the University, the tenant companies and the planning authority relate to economic development, a competitive advantage of tenant companies, knowledge transfer, the profile for the University and the capacity to generate income proved to be a valuable framework on which to develop a master plan. These details were underpinned by five objectives which served the three stakeholders in the site. Those for the University included commercial potential, knowledge transfer and image and reputation; those for the town primarily related to economic development and the plan was to help tenants gain a competitive advantage by locating on the site. In addition a number of success indicators were defined for the project against which to measure performance and have remained as a useful set of parameters on which to base the assessment of the performance of the site. In combination with these indicators a further analysis deals with the success factors that are considered as important in influencing performance. The paper sets details the history of the park and covers the success indicators and factors and reviews these in the context of the original objectives for the site.

• World Technopolis Review
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.192-205
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• 2012

Globalization has fuelled the desire for simplicity and flexibility in rules and processes within nations. de Soto (2000) calls for the simplification of rules to enable people to join the formal economy. Friedman (2005) echoes the need for simpler rules, to attract business and capital. Market-based approaches to governing have been adopted in many nations due to globalization. Recent developments demonstrate that such approaches fail. Globalization may lead to impoverishment in the absence of proper forms of governance (Cooney 2000). That is why it has the tendency to become a "race to the bottom." Regulatory measures can be costly, and the costs of doing business are uneven across nations. This unevenness is being used as a comparative advantage. Others call this regulatory competition (Smith-Bozek 2007) or competitive governance (Schachtel and Sahmel 2000), which is similar to the model of Charles Tiebout. Collaborative governance is an approach that governments could use in lieu of the competitive method. Mechanisms that enable stakeholders to exchange information, harmonize activities, share resources, and enhance capacities (Himmelman 2002) are needed. Philippine public policy encourages a shift in modes of realizing labor market governance outcomes from command to collaboration (Sale and Bool 2010B; Sale 2011). Is labor market governance and regional development in the Philippines collaborative? Or is the opposite - competitive governance (Tiebout model) - more evident? What is the dominant approach? This preliminary research tackles these questions by looking at recent data on average and minimum wages, wage differentials, trade union density, collective bargaining coverage, small and bigger enterprises, employment, unemployment and underemployment, inflation, poverty incidence, labor productivity, family income, among others, across regions of the country. The issue is studied in the context of legal origins. Cultural explanations are broached.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.15-25
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• 2017

Since the late 19th century, the annual average temperature of the Earth has risen due to excessive emission of greenhouse gases, and abnormal weather phenomena such as heavy rain and heavy snowfall have been increasing frequently all over the world. In a city with high population growth due to high economic growth, fire and terrorist accidents can cause serious property damage and human casualties. The purpose of this study is to propose the need for evacuated facilities to protect victims, and suggest adequate shelters' size which can be protectable them. In spite of the Ministry of Public Safety and Security designated 3.3 square meters of per capita capacity, they does not specify the basis about setting this criterion.

• World Technopolis Review
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.2-18
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• 2016

The development of Technopolis and the establishment of innovative ecosystem have made an important contribution in South Korea's latest industrial development and economic growth. Particularly, Daedeok INNOPOLIS which is responsible for the central role in the national science technology advancement was founded as the Science Town in the 1970s. Since then, it has undergone three-phases of development: Science Park, Technopolis and Innovation cluster. As the result of the transition, Daedeok INNOPOLIS currently serve as the leading role for achieving sustainable economic growth, employment promotion, national and regional innovation. In order to accelerate the progress for success, Daedeok INNOPOLIS have arranged an opportunity for 21st century new industry development, improved growth of technology-intensive SMEs, reinforced academic-industrial cooperation, and established innovative ecosystem. Daedeok INNOPOLIS is considered as an outstanding case of endogenous development strategy of Technopolis. This study attempts to consider the endogenous development strategy of Technopolis in Korea through the analysis of development characteristics of Daedeok INNOPOLIS in two different perspectives: changes of spatial structure and establishment of innovation ecosystem. Daedeok INNOPOLIS have experienced a series of endogenous growth that is consisted of advancement strategy and structural changes, which allowed Daedeok research town to grow into an innovative cluster. A sign of growth of Daedeok INNOPOLIS became apparent when its strategy to reinforce the academic-industry cooperation system by promoting participation from universities helped to overcome a functional limitation as a research institute integrated for the establishment of innovative ecosystem. Since then, the center for creative economy and innovation established in cooperation with large enterprise, has a role to build a startup ecosystem and to promote next level of development such as proactive fostering of venture companies for sustainable technopolis development.