• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.46-46
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• 2015

강우가 지역별 계절별로 편중되어 있는 우리나라는 수자원의 안정적인 확보와 이용을 위해 다양한 형태의 댐을 건설하여 운영하고 있다. 그러나 대부분의 댐건설을 통해 형성된 저수지들은 탁수 장기화 및 녹조 발생 등의 환경, 생태적인 문제를 겪고 있으며, 그에 따른 사회적 우려로 인해 신규댐 건설을 통한 수자원확보는 더 이상 어려운 실정이다. 이러한 문제에 대응하기 위한 대안으로 기존 댐 저수지들(안동호-임하호)의 구조적 연계운영방안이 진행되고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 2차원 CE-QUAL-W2모형을 활용하여 안동호와 임하호의 구조적 연결에 따른 탁수의 이동과 각 저수지 내에서의 유동 변화를 해석하는데 있다. 저수지 연계 시나리오는 EL. 138 m 위치에 길이 2 km, 직경 5.5 m 의 콘크리트관(마찰계수 0.05)이 안동호 좌안인 임동면 마리와 임하호 우안 망천리를 연결하는 것으로 가정하였다. 모델의 보정은 실측자료가 풍부한 2006년도 수문사상을 대상으로, 개별 저수지에 대해 수행하였고, 탁수 유동 시나리오 해석은 임하호에 심각한 탁수장기화 문제가 발생했던 2002년을 대상으로 댐 연계 탁수모의를 수행하였다. 안동호와 임하호의 댐 앞에서 모의값과 실측값을 오차를 분석한 결과 탁수예측오차는 AME 0.5~24 mg/L, RMSE 0.7~30.2mg/L의 범위로 비교적 실측값을 잘 반영한 것으로 나타났다. 임하댐의 경우 탁수층의 위치와 두께, 그리고 최고 탁도값을 적절히 재현 하였지만, 안동댐은 최고 탁도값 예측에서 다소 오차가 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 안동호와 임하호 단독 운영시와 연계 운영시의 탁수변화 파악을 위해 초기 홍수사상이 발생한 8월 이후부터 저수지내의 TSS농도 분포를 비교하였다. 안동호의 경우 댐앞지점의 탁수분포는 수온성층구조에 영향을 받아, 단독 운영시(EL. 130 m)보다 연계운영시(EL. 140 m)에 탁수의 중심이 높은 위치에 형성되었다. 단독 운영시 10월 이후에 전도현상으로 인해 침강되지 않은 잔류 탁수층이 저수지 하부로 확산되었지만, 연계 운영시에는 재부상 되어 상층으로 확산되는 것으로 모의되었다. 또한 연계운영시 유량이동으로 인해 안동호의 탁수 댐앞 도달시간이 짧아지는 것으로 나타났다. 반면 임하호는 연계 운영시 안동댐으로 유출이 생기면서 중층에서 탁수량이 저감되는 것으로 모의되었다. 저수지 내 탁수량 분석을 위해 SS 15 mg/L 이상의 잔류 탁수량을 분석한 결과, 연계운영시 안동호의 평균 잔류탁수량 비율은 11.8% 증가, 임하호의 경우 11.7% 감소하였다. 또한, 탁수의 댐하류 방류일수도 SS 15 mg/L 기준 임하호 9일 저감, 안동호는 70일 증가하여 임하호의 탁수가 안동호의 탁수 장기화에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.24-29
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• 2002

It was observed that exchange bias field was increased with smooth surface and better ${\gamma}$-FeMn formation. Sputtering conditions were varied for the control of the surface roughness and ${\gamma}$-FeMn formation. From the results of Cu deposition as underlayer, it was found that ${\gamma}$-FeMn formation was closely related with the thickness of underlayer. After heat treatment, exchange bias field was increased over three times. This improvement was likely that the crystallites of ${\gamma}$-FeMn were well formed. In Co/Cu/Co/FeMn spin valve structure, magnetoresistance was increased over 1.4 times through the heat treatment. This was due to the disappearance of Co/Cu intermixed dead layer and removal of defect, and this was examined by AES analysis.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.667-678
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• 1997

A primitive equation numerical model driven only by $M_2$ tide is used to examine role of tide in the temperature and velocity fields of Deukryang Bay. The numerical model reproduces several features of the observational temperature fields such that the isotherms tend to be parallel to the coast in the bay, and the colder water exists at the right hand side in the bay. The horizontal temperature and velocity fields in the model are dominantly influenced by bottom topography. The model also shows that the surface colder water in the bay is accompanied by strong-alongshore current during the flood tide. An investigation for baroclinicity in the bay by additional numerical experiment indicates that the baroclinirity in velocity field is very weak. The model, however, did not reproduce a stratification in the observation, implying that the model needs to add other semi-diurnal components such as $S_2,\;O_2\;or\;K_2$ tides to $M_2$ tide.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.64-72
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• 2002

The use of linear DC motor is spreaded according to industrial development. This study was objected to study the analysis of double side excitation LDM with moving magnet type. In this LDM structure, the mover made use of permanent magnet with six pieces so as to large thrust, the stator was bedded for the multi separated type winding to repress the i개n saturation. Also, double side excitation winding is suppressed to thrust ripple with stratification to zigzag type and designed to production for static thrust. Then it is important to ratio of permanent magnet to winding width at multi separate, this paper analyzed to separate to three pieces of 1:1, 1:0.84 and 1:0.5 with width ratio. The analysis method calculated the parameter useful for permeance and magnetic resistance more than FEM of complicated numerical value analysis. Through manufactured experiment system, measurement result of thrust was almost acquired to constant thrust for all displacement.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.491-502
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• 2014

As meteorology is the driving force for lake thermodynamics and mixing processes, the effects of climate change on the physical limnology and associated ecosystem are emerging issues. The potential impacts of climate change on the physical features of a reservoir include the heat budget and thermodynamic balance across the air-water interface, formation and stability of the thermal stratification, and the timing of turn over. In addition, the changed physical processes may result in alteration of materials and energy flow because the biogeochemical processes of a stratified waterbody is strongly associated with the thermal stability. In this study, a novel modeling framework that consists of an artificial neural network (ANN), a watershed model (SWAT), a reservoir operation model(HEC-ResSim) and a hydrodynamic and water quality model (CE-QUAL-W2) is developed for projecting the effects of climate change on the reservoir water temperature and thermal stability. The results showed that increasing air temperature will cause higher epilimnion temperatures, earlier and more persistent thermal stratification, and increased thermal stability in the future. The Schmidt stability index used to evaluate the stratification strength showed tendency to increase, implying that the climate change may have considerable impacts on the water quality and ecosystem through changing the vertical mixing characteristics of the reservoir.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.257-264
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• 2016

In this study, experiments for measurements of entrainment rate of fluid mud were carried out using annular flume domestically for the first time. Six entrainment tests using kaolinite sediments were conducted with different initial concentrations of fluid mud. It is shown that sediment settling counteracts the otherwise buoyancy dependent entrainment of fluid mud, and that the settling effect leads to a measurably decreased entrainment rate at higher Richardson numbers in comparison with entrainment of salt water, due to additional dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy in the interfacial layer. Through the comparison with previous other studies, the overall performance of the annular flume, the experimental procedure and the test results in simulating the entrainment of fluid mud are shown to be good enough to verify.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.154.2-154.2
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• 2011

행성 및 타이탄과 같은 태양계 내의 면천체(extended source)를 관측하기 위해서는 공간분해능이 높은 대형망원경과 파장분해능이 높은 분광기가 필요하다. 특히 분광 관측 자료를 이용하면 행성 및 타이탄의 대기 구성 성분 및 그 성분비, 온도 분포, 구름과 연무 등의 수직 구조 등을 알 수 있다. 최근 연구에서는 구름, 연무, 비 등의 생성 과정에 불포화/초과포화 상태의 메탄, 에탄, 에틸렌 등이 관여하는 것이 새롭게 알려져 보다 활발한 후속 연구가 필요하다. 현재 개발 중인 IGRINS는 적외선 영역의 H band($1.49{\sim}1.8{\mu}m$)와 K band($1.96{\sim}2.46{\mu}m$)를 동시에 관측할 수 있고, McDonald 2.7m 망원경에 부착할 때 R~40,000의 높은 분해능을 가지는 장비로서 태양계 천체를 관측하는 데에 매우 적합하다. 따라서 향후 IGRINS가 본격적으로 가동될 때 얻을 수 있는 자료에 대한 사전 연구가 필요하며, 이는 대형 망원경 및 고분산 분광기를 이용한 관측, 자료 처리 및 분석 등의 경험에 기반을 두어 진행되어야 한다. 이에 NIFS/Gemini에 의해 관측된 타이탄 분광 자료와 TEXES/IRTF에 의해 획득된 목성극지방의 분광 자료를 분석하는 사전 연구를 진행하고 있다. 목성에 대해서는, 극지방에서 관측되는 hotspot, warm, normal 지역의 근적외선 영역 분광선 분석을 통해 기존에 결정되어 있지 않은 극지방 성층권의 고도에 따른 온도분포를 알아본다. 타이탄에 대해서는, 근적외선 영역의 메탄흡수밴드에서 관측된 주연증광(Limb brightening) 현상을 복사전달모델로 구현함으로써 어떤 기작이 이 현상에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는지에 대해 알아본다. 이런 태양계 천체 자료에 대한 연구는 향후 mission 및 rover 작업을 수행함에 있어 기본적인 정보로서 활용될 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.52-55
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• 2011

Spin-transfer torque is a useful tool to control the magnetic state in nanostructures. In magnetic tunnel junctions, the spin-transfer torque has two components, the in-plane spin torque and the perpendicular spin torque. While properties of the in-plane spin-transfer torque are relatively well understood, properties of the perpendicular spin-transfer torque still remain controversial. A recent experiment demonstrated that in asymmetric magnetic tunnel junctions, the bias voltage dependence of the perpendicular spin-transfer torque contains both linear and quadratic terms in the bias. However it still remains unexplored how the bias voltage dependence changes as a function of material parameters. In this paper, we systematically investigate the perpendicular spin-transfer torque in asymmetric magnetic tunnel junction by varying spin splitting energy, work function difference, and Fermi energy of the ferromagnetic metal leads.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.222-228
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• 2005

Undoped GaN epitaxial layer was grown on c-plane sapphire substrate by a two-step growth with metalorganic chemical vapor deposition(MOCVD). We have investigated the effects of the variation of final growth temperature on surface morphology, roughness, crystal quality, optical property, and electrical property In a horizontal MOCVD reactor, the film was grown at 300 Tow low-pressure with a fixed nucleation temperature of $500^{\circ}C$, varing the final growth temperature from $850\~1050^{\circ}C$ . The undoped GaN epilayers were characterized by atomic force microscopy, high-resolution x-ray diffractometer, photoluminescence, and Hall effect measurement.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.12-22
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• 2019

This study investigated the spatial and temporal water circulation characteristics of Paldang Reservoir by continuous hydraulic and water temperature survey. Due to differences in water temperature and discharge pattern of Ipo Weir and Cheongpyeong Dam, the flow and temperature fluctuations were different in sections of Namhan River and Bukhan River in Paldang Reservoir. At the stratification period, the water temperature of the discharge of Ipo Weir was higher than that of the Cheongpyeong Dam. Therefore, in the surface layer of the downstream of Bukhan River, relatively high temperature water is located and back water phenomenon occurred, and convergence zone is formed. In the downstream section of Namhan River, low-temperature water was distributed in the middle and lower layers, and the upstream flow appeared to be difficult to mix with the surface layer.