• Applied Microscopy
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.257-266
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• 2001

To investigate the process of spermoigenesis and glycogen effect during the spermatogenesis of Rana catesbeiana, the morphological characteristics of the testes were examined by light and transmission electron microscopy. Spermiogenesis of R. catesbeiana was divided into three stages on the basis of the features of the nucleus and the cytoplasm organelles. Except for the primary spermatogonia, the phases from the spermatocytogenesis to the spermatids before spermiation phase were surrounded by spermatocyst. Especially , the glycogen particles were not observed until in the stage of spermatocytogenesis, but from the early spermatids to the maturation phase were observed in the nucleus, acrosome and cytoplasm of the spermatids. The present result suggests that the glycogen may play an important role in the sperm maturation, and as a source of the energy in the wave-movement of sperm tail.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.103-110
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• 1994

소 난포란의 체외성숙율과 체외수정후 분할율을 향상시키기 위하여 성숙배양액에 FCS 첨가 효과를 조사하였으며 FCS의 첨가수준은 5-20%였고 사용된 기본배양액은 Dn(-BSA), Ham's F10 및 TCM199이었다. 난포직경 2-6mm 난포로부터 채란된 수정란을 39$^{\circ}C$ 배양기에서 28시간 성숙시킨후 동결융해정자 또는 비동결정자로 체외수정시켰다. FCS 무첨가구보다는 첨가구 성숙유리 향상되었으나 FCS 첨가의DM(-BSA)와 Ham's F10간에, 그리고 FCS첨가수준간에는 성숙율의 차이가 없었다. FCS의 첨가로 성숙율은 향상되었으나 난할율에는 영향이 없었다. 체외수정 난포란의 난할율이 HIS 처리후 6시간 전배양한 동결정자와의 수정에서는 현저히 낮았으나 2시간 전배양과 정자에 의해서는 향상되었고 비동결정자이용시 더욱 향상되었다. FCS 첨가된 Ham's F10과 TCM199에서 성숙시킨 난자의 난할율이 DM(-BSA)+FCS보다 높았다. 본 연구 결과에서 난포란의 체외성숙이 FCS첨가로 개선되었으나 난할율에는 영향이 없었으며 난할율이 정자처리방법에 따라 차이가 많았고 Ham's F10과 TCM199에 FCS의 첨가가 보다 효과적이었다.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.416-427
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• 1994

성숙한 한국산 집고양이(Felis domesticn)의 정자변태 과정을 알아보기 위하여 정소 및 부정소의 조직을 채취하여 광학현미경과 전자현미경으로 관찰한 결과는 다음과 같았다. 1 세포 구조의 차이에 따라 한국산 집고양이의 정자변태과정을 출지, 두모. 첨체. 성숙 그리고 이탈단계로 구분하였는데. 즉 골지, 첨체 및 이탈단계를 각각 전 ·후기로, 두모단계는 전 ·중 ·후기로 성숙단계는 1단계로 하여 전체를 10기로 나눌 수 있었다. 2 정자의 꼬리는 두모중기부터 형성하기 시작한다. 3 염색질 과립은 골지단계에서 응축되기 시작하여 정체후기에서 구형의 형태로 진행되고 성숙단계에서 소멸된다.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1997

Acrosome reaction usually occures just before fertilization in most mammals, and it has been known that $Ca^{2+}$ plays an important role in the acrosome reaction and albumin also known as a critical factor for spermatozoan activities. The present study has been designed in order to observe maturing processes of the spermatozoa occurred in the ductus epididymidis and to clarify the relationships of $Ca^{2+}$ concentrations with those processes, and to compare the enzymatic activities of ATPase and the lactate dehydrogenase of the spermatozoa in accordance with time before and after the spermatozoan maturation. From the results, we can confirm that most of the bat spermatozoa come to maturity within the epididymal cauda and may pass through capacitation outside the cauda. However it is expected to be studied that the fluctuation of spermatogenic activity depending on temperature changes and their relationships with the ductus epididymidis and their mutual influences.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.70-77
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• 1990

The change of phosphatase activities of the epididymal spermatozoa has been examined during epididymal maturation in mouse. The quantitative analysis of phQsphatase activities have been carried out using the method modified by Emst(1975). The results of experiment were summarized as the followings. Total protein of the caput epididyrnal spermatozoa(CPS) was measured as 59.1 $\pm$8.4(mg/10 9 spermatozoa), and that of the cauda epididymal spermatozoa(CDS) was 14.0$\pm$12.3(mg/10 9 spermatozoa). When phosphatase activities of the CDS in basic reaction medium were 29.2% in alkaline phosphatase, 44.9% in ATPse and 53.8% in acid phosphatase. The activities were eminently decreased in all CDS in contrast to those of CPS. The alkaline phosphatase and ATPase activities of K+ -dependent were decreased in CDS when compared with caput epididymal spermatozoa, and alkaline phosphatase, ATPase and acid phosphatase activities of $Ca^2$+ -dependent were increased in homogenized spermatozoa when compared with intact spermatozoa. From these results, it may be concluded that the decrease of phosphatases activities in spermatozoa during epididymal maturation may play some significant roles in acquiring fertilizing capability.

• 한국전자현미경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.27-27
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• 2000

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 1997

생쥐의 부정소에서 진행되는 정자 성숙과정 동안의 첨체반응 능력의 변화를 조사하였다. 자발적 첨체반응 및 난포액, 프로게스테론, 또는 A23187에 의해 유발되는 첨체반응은 모두 정자의 성숙에 의존저긍로 일어났다. 두부 부정소의 매우 적은 정자만이 난포액 및 프로게스테론에 반응하여 첨체반응을 일으켰으며 체부 및 미부 부정소간에 첨체반응율에 차이가 없었다. 반면 A23187 처리시 상당수의 두부 부정소 정자가 첨체반응을 진행하였다. 이러한 결과에서 두부 부정소를 거쳐 체부 부정소에 도달한 생쥐 정자는 첨체반응 능력을 획득하여 이 과정에서 정자의 원형질막 표면에서는 첨체반응을 유발하는 물질과 상호작용에 필요한 변화가 진행되는 것으로 사료된다. 반면 정자내로의 $Ca^{2+}$ 유입 후 진행되는 막융합과 첨체내용물의 분비에 필요한 능력은 두부 부정소 정자도 일부 갖고 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2008

Study on spermatid and spermatozoon of a Korean endemic freshwater fish, Microphysogobio yaluensis, has been carried out by transmission electron microscope. Spermiogenesis involves conspicuous modifications intercelluar movement such as centrioles and mitochondria migration, nuclear depression and structural changes for instance chroatin condensation, excess of cytoplasm. The mature spermatozoa are similar to those of other cyprinids as follows: a spherical nucleus with a shallow nuclear fossa, a short midpiece containing several mitochondria and encircling the basal body of the flagellum. However there are some differences in the orientation of the centrioles,the number of the mitochondria and distribution of vesicles from other cyprinids. It could be concluded that the M. yaluensis spermiogenesis belongs to type 2, and its mature spermatozoon is charaterized by a unique feature which may provide a useful systematic character.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 1999

In the present study, we investigated the effect of maturity and motility of spermatozoa on the formation of pronuc-leus and subsequent developmental capacity of the human embryo in vitro. The fertilization was performed by means of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in HEPES-buffered m-TCM-199 medium. In the first part of the experiment, motile or im-motile human spermatozoa ejaculated were injected into cumulus-enclosed human oocytes matured in vivo. Significantly (p<0.002) higher proportion of oocytes that was injected with motile spermatozoa formed 2 pronuclei than the oocytes injected with immotile spermatozoa (79.8% vs 51.7%). In the second part of the experiment, cumulus-enclosed human oocytes matured in vivo were injected with motile or immotile spermatozoa collected from testes. There was no difference between motile and immotile spermatozoa. In the third part of the experiment, using modified Tyrode's medium containing 10.0 mM lactate, 0.5 mM pyruvate, 0.2 mM taurine, 1.0 mM glutamine, 2.22 mM MEM amino acids, vitamin and 10% human follicular fluid, we found that the development of oocytes that formed 2 pronuclei were able to develop to 9-16 cells regardless of maturity and motility of spermatozoa.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.732-739
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to determine if the addition of spermatozoa into the culture medium could influence the nuclear maturation of denuded porcine germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes in vitro. Cumulus-oocyte complexes were collected from follicles of 3 to 5 mm in diameter, The cumulus and corona cells were removed from oocytes. Porcine denuded oocytes were cultured in tissue culture medium containing spermatozoa. After 48 h culture, oocytes were examined for the evidence of GV breakdown, metaphase I, anaphase-telophase I, and metaphase II (M II). The proportion of oocytes reaching M II stage was significantly (P<0.01) increased in the oocytes cultured in media containing spermatozoa compared to those in media without spermatozoa $(31.9\pm1.8%\; vs\; 14.9\pm1.0%)$.No differences in the rates of M II were observed among the different period of spermatozoa exposure nor among the spermatozoa from different species. The proportion of oocytes reaching M II stage was significantly different between high and low concentrations of spermatozoa. The present study suggests that mammalian spermatozoa contain a substance(s) that improves nuclear maturation in vitro of GV oocytes. Enhancing effect of spermatozoa for oocytes maturation in vitro is a highly dose-dependent.