• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.247-253
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• 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and a probiotic mixture on egg quality, blood parameters, and corticosterone content in broiler breeder stock in summer in Korea. A total of 72 broiler breeders (Arbor Acres) at 49 weeks old were randomly divided into the following three groups of 24 heads each: control, GABA, and probiotics (1 × 10⁸/g Bacillus licheniformis, 1 × 10⁷/g Lactiplantibacillus plantaru, and 1 × 10⁷/g Clostridium butyricum). The hens were fed a diet containing 50 mg of GABA/kg of feed and 0.1% probiotics for 6 weeks. Egg quality, blood parameters, and stress levels (corticosterone concentration) of the broiler breeders were evaluated. No significant differences were observed in the egg weight, albumen height, Haugh units, yolk color, shell thickness, or shell strength between the groups. There were no significant between-group differences in the blood biochemical profile, including total cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, total protein, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, albumin, and inorganic phosphorus concentrations. The corticosterone concentration was significantly lower in the GABA and probiotics groups than the control group (P < 0.05) at 6 weeks of age. In conclusion, these results suggest that dietary probiotics and GABA significantly improve the stress levels of broiler breeders in summer in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.239-246
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• 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and a probiotic mixture on egg production and quality, blood parameters, and stress levels (corticosterone) in Hy-Line parent stock during summer in Korea. A total of 105 Hy-Line parent stock aged 24 weeks were randomly divided into three groups, each containing thirty-five birds: control, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and probiotics (1 × 10⁸/g Bacillus licheniformis, 1 × 10⁷/g Lactobacillus plantarum, and 1 × 10⁷/g Corynebacterium butyricum). The hens were fed a diet containing 50 ppm GABA or 0.1% probiotics for 6 weeks. Compared with the control group, the hen-day egg production, egg mass, and feed conversion ratio over the total period were significantly higher in the probiotic group (P<0.05). In contrast no significant differences were detected among groups with respect to egg weight, albumen height, Haugh units, yolk color, shell thickness or shell strength. Similarly, no significant difference were observed among groups with regards to biochemical profile (total cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, total protein, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, albumin, and inorganic phosphorus). However, compared with the control group, we did detect significant reductions in corticosterone levels in the GABA and probiotics groups (P<0.05). On the basis of our findings in this study, it would appear that dietary GABA and probiotics can alleviate heat stress in Hy-Line parent stock, with probiotics in particular being found to promote significant improvements in the hen-day egg production, egg mass, and feed conversion of laying hens during the summer season in Korea.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.14-34
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to calculate the appropriate yellow-signal time for intersections, to find out the relationship between the approach speed and intersection width when calculating the time, and to secure safety by minimizing conflicts and dilemma sections in intersections that change according to the signal operation. For this purpose, 6,824 data points from 5 intersections were collected and analyzed. The main results of the study are as follows. First, the approach speed of individual vehicles in different lanes was analyzed, and the width of an intersection was defined by considering the conflict in each direction. Second, we developed a multiple regression model based on the approach speed and conflict points, which compensated for the problems of an existing formula. Third, a standard table is presented for applying the appropriate yellow-signal time according to the approach speed and intersection width based on a development formula. A method is also presented to determine the safety of the length of the dilemma according to the change in the yellow-light time by presenting a calculation table that can cross-analyze the yellow-signal time and a dilemma section using the relationship.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.267-267
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• 2021

제주도는 화산섬의 지질특성상 강수의 지표침투성이 높아 지표수의 개발이용여건이 취약한 관계로 용수의 대부분을 지하수에 의존하고 있다. 따라서 지하수의 보전관리는 매우 중요한 사항이며 특히 지하수의 안정적인 이용을 위해서는 지하수 취수가 주변지역 지하수위에 미치는 영향 분석이 반드시 필요하다. 본 연구는 딥러닝 알고리즘인 Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)를 활용하여 제주도 남동쪽 표선유역 중산간지역에 위치한 2개 지하수위 관측정을 대상으로 지하수 취수영향을 분석하였다. 입력자료로써 인근 2개 강우관측소의 일단위 강수량자료와 인근 6개 취수정의 지하수 취수량자료 및 연구대상 관측정의 지하수위 자료(2001. 2. 11. ~ 2019. 10. 31.)를 사용하였다. 지하수위 변동특성을 최대한 반영하기 위해 LSTM의 예측일수를 1일로 설정하였다. 보정 및 검증 기간을 사용하여 매개변수의 과적합을 방지하였으며, 테스트 기간을 사용하여 LSTM의 예측성능을 평가하였다. 평가지수로써 Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency(NSE)와 평균제곱근오차(RMSE)를 사용하였다. 그리고 지하수 취수가 주변 지하수위 변동에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해 취수량을 최대취수량인 2,300 m³/일, 최대취수량의 2/3인 1,533 m³/일 및 0 m³/일로 설정하여 모의하였다. 모의결과, 2개 감시정의 보정, 검증 및 예측기간에 대한 NSE는 최대 0.999, 최소 0.976의 범위를 보였으며, RMSE는 최대 0.494 m, 최소 0.084 m를 보여 LSTM은 우수한 예측성능을 나타내었다. 이것은 LSTM이 지하수위 변동특성을 적절히 학습하였다는 것을 의미하며 따라서 추정된 매개변수를 활용하여 지하수 취수영향을 모의 및 분석하였다. 그 결과, 지하수위 하강량은 최대 0.38 m 였으며 이것은 대상지점에 대한 취수량은 지하수위 하강에 거의 영향을 주지 않는다는 것을 의미한다. 또한 취수량과 지하수위 하강량과의 관계는 한 개 관측정에 대해 선형적인 관계를 보인 반면 나머지 한 개 관측정에 대해서는 비선형적인 관계를 나타내는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서 LSTM 알고리즘을 활용하여 제주도 표선유역 중산간지역의 지하수위 변동특성을 분석할 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.82 no.2
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• pp.382-392
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• 2021

Purpose To evaluate the ultrasonographic characteristics of steatocystomas focusing on the features that aid in differentiating them from epidermal inclusion cysts and lipomas. Materials and Methods The ultrasonographic findings of 14 histologically proven steatocystomas in 10 patients were retrospectively reviewed. The following features were assessed: the layer of involvement, shape, margin, echogenicity, posterior acoustic features, and the presence of a visible wall or intralesional striations. The findings were compared with those of subcutaneous lipomas and epidermal inclusion cysts to identify those findings that aid in the differential diagnosis of steatocystomas. Results The majority of steatocystomas appeared as a subcutaneous mass (n = 6, 42.9%) or a mass involving both the dermal and subcutaneous layers (n = 6, 42.9%). Steatocystomas exhibited a well-defined smooth margin (n = 12, 85.7%) and homogeneous echogenicity (n = 9, 64.3%), and showed no specific posterior acoustic features (n = 9, 64.3%). The most important features that differentiated steatocystomas from epidermal inclusion cysts were a homogeneous internal echotexture (p = 0.009) and absent or less prominent posterior acoustic enhancement (p < 0.001). The features that distinguished steatocystomas from lipomas were the margin (p < 0.001), echogenicity (p = 0.034), internal echotexture (p = 0.004), and the absence of intralesional striations (p < 0.001). Conclusion Steatocystomas appeared as well-defined homogeneous masses with mild or absent posterior acoustic enhancement.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.389-398
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• 2010

The present experiment was carried out to compare performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality among three major meat-type duck strains in Korea. Two commercial duck (CD) strains, produced from parent stocks (PS) (Cherry Valley and Grimaud), and $F_1$ strains, self-produced by farmers, were used in an 8-week feeding experiment. Both feed conversion ratio and production index were significantly higher in Cherry Valley strain compared with the other two at the ends of 6 and 8 weeks (p<0.05). However, no differences were found in carcass characteristics and meat quality, with the exception of abdominal fat weight where Grimaud were higher than the others. Overall, the results of the current study show that Cherry Valley CD strain had higher performance among three strains tested.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.71-78
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• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of herbs and plant extracts (PE) on the performance, small intestinal microflora and immune response in laying hens. A total of 1,440 Hy-Line Brown laying hens of 67 wks old were assigned to one of the following 9 dietary treatments : T1 : Control (C), T2 : C + Avilamycine 6 ppm, T3 : C + Herb $Mix^{(R)}$ 0.2%, T4 : C + Biostrong $510^{(R)}$ 0.02%, T5 : C + $APEX^{(R)}$ 0.02%, T6 : C + $Digestarom^{(R)}$ 0.02%, T7 : C + $Phellozyme^{(R)}$ 0.1%, T8 : C + $Galicin^{(R)}$ 0.05%, T9 : C + CRINA $Poultry^{(R)}$ 0.05%. Each treatment was replicated 8 times with twenty birds housed in 2 bird cages. Twenty bird units were arranged according to completely randomized block design. Feeding trial lasted 6 wks under 16 hours lighting regimen. Hen-day egg production was not significantly different among the treatments, but that of supplemented groups tended to be higher than the control. There were significant differences among treatments in feed intake and feed conversion ratio. Feed intake was higher in the supplemented groups than the control. Feed conversion ratio was higher in T8 than other treatments. Egg shell color index and egg yolk color index were significantly different among treatments. Egg shell color was affected by supplements and egg yolk color index of T9 (PE-CRINA) was significantly higher than the control. Haugh unit was not significantly different among treatments. There were significant differences in leukocytes and erythrocytes parameters. The level of serum WBC and stress index (heterophil/lymphocyte) were higher in supplemented groups than the control. The level of RBC tended to be lower in the herb or PE groups than the control. The concentration of serum IgG was not significantly different among the treatments, but all those of the supplemented groups were higher than the control. The number of Lactobacilli spp. tended to increase and that of Cl. perfrigens decrease in the supplemented groups. The number of E. coli significantly decreased in the supplemented groups. The results of this experiment showed that feeding herbs and plant extracts to laying hens tended to improve the egg production and affect positively on the level of blood parameters and small intestinal microflora.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.57-68
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• 1974

These experiments were performed in order to study histologically and histochemically on the epithelial cells of gall bladder in Carassius carassius, Bufo bufo gargarizans, Natrix tigrina lateralis, Urloncha striata var. domesticus and Bos taurus var. domesticus. The results of the observation were as follows: 1. There were different cell types in the epithelium of gall bladder in each animal and it could not be supported histochemically that the epithelia cells of gall bladder were divided into two cell types of the rod-shaped and barrel-shaped ones. 2. The epithelium of gall bladder in Carassius carassius, Bufo bufo gargarizans, Natrix tigrina lateralis, Urloncha striata var. domesticus and Bos taurus var. domesticus was simple columnar epithelium. 3. The eosinophilities of cytoplasm in the epithelial cells of gall bladder were in uniform stronger in the upper portion of nucleus in Carassius carassius, Bufo bufo gargarizans and Natrix tigrina lateralis than its other portions, and in Urloncha striata var. domesticus and Lepus cuniculus var. domesticus existed uniformly in all portions, but there were many non-eosinophilic cells in Bufo bufo gargarizans and many cells that weakly eosinophilic around nucleus in Bos taurus var. domesticus. 4. The periodic acid Schiff's reactivities in the epithelial cells of gall bladder were different in each other and the epithelial cells in PAS reaction were divided into two cell types of the dark and light ones. There presented the light cells of 6.4%, 4.3% and 3.7% of epithelial cell of gall bladder in Carassius carassius, Bufo bufo gargarizans and Urloncha striata var. domesticus for each other, but were not presented in Natrix tigrina lateralis and Bos taurus var. domesticus. 5. The ninhydrin-Schiff-active proteins were much in the epithelial cells of gall bladder in Bos taurus var. domesticus, Carassius carassius, Urloncha striata var. domesticus and Natrix tigrina lateralis in order and were much in epithelial cells in the upper portion of mucosal folds in Carassius carassius, Urloncha striata var. domesticus and Natrix tigrina lateralis, and the ninhydrin-Schiff-active protein of the epithelium of gall bladder in Bufo bufo gargarizans was uniformly distributed. 6. The epithelial cells of gall bladder in Carassius carassius, Natrix tigrina lateralis, Urloncha striata var. domesticus and Bos taurus var. domesticus had no stain reactivity or weak stain reactivity to neutral fat and all epithelial cells in Bufo bufo gargarizans had strong stain reactivity, though they were different in quantity of epithelial cell portion. 7. The stain reactivities to RNA and DNA were stronger in the epithelial cells of the upper portion of mucosal fold than in those of other portions.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.168-177
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the dietary effects of locally grown herbs (Mentha piperascens, PM; Rubus coreanus, RC; Tagetes patula, MG) on the growth performance and meat quality of broiler chicken. A total of 600 1-d-old Ross male broiler chicks were divided into eight groups and were fed control diets (antibiotics-medicated or non-medicated commercial diets) or experimental diets (non-medicated diets containing 0.3 or 0.5% PM, 0.3 or 0.5% RC, or 0.3 or 0.5% MG) for 5wk. The body weight gains and feed conversion rates (FCRs) in all the groups that were fed diets containing PM, RC, or MG were significantly improved compared to those in the non-medicated control group (p<0.05). The relative weights of various organs, the serum cholesterol levels, and the GOT/GPT activities in all the groups were also not significantly different. The superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activities in the groups that were fed diets containing 0.3% PM or 0.3% MG were significantly increased compared to those in the non-medicated control group (p<0.05). The number of cecal lactic-acid bacteria in the groups that were fed diets containing 0.3% PM or 0.5% RC tended to increase. The malondialdehyde contents in the leg muscles were significantly lowered by feeding with PM or MG (p<0.05). The physicochemical properties of the edible meat, including the shear force, water-holding capacity, heat loss, pH, and muscle color degrees $(CIEL^*.\;a^*.\;b^*)$, were not affected by the dietary treatments. It has been suggested that spontaneous Korean plants promote the growth of broilers and may delay lipid oxidation in edible muscles without any negative effect when added in broiler diets.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.110-114
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• 2002

The study was carried out to investigate the changes of haematological constituents induced by dietary exposure of Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in nile tilapia, Oreochhromis niloticus. The nile tilapia were fed pellet with 0.05, 0.25 and 0.50 mg/kg body weight/day of HCB and PCBs for 30 days, respectively. HCB ($\ge$ 0.25 mg/kg) induced a significantly decreased the red blood cell count at 30 days, and the hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit value were significantly decreased after 20 days to 0.50 mg/kg. The diminution of red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration and hamatocrit value by PCBs was found after 20 days at $\ge$0.25 mg/kg. The concentrations of calcium decreased significantly at 30 days at $\ge$0,25 mg/kg of PCBs-diet. However, magnesium and inorganic phosphorus did not show any noticeable changes in the range of 0.05$\~$o.50 mg/kg of HCB and PCBs compared to control group during the experimental period, The low concentration of total protein was observed at the last day of experiment to 0.50 mg/kg of HCB-diet, while total protein initiated to increase from 20 days at the 0.25 mg/kg of PCBs-diet. The glucose was significantly increased after 20 days at $\ge$0,25 mg/kg of HCB and PCBs, A significant increment GOT and GPT activities was noticed after 20 days at 0.50 mg/kg of HCB and PCBs, These results indicate that hematological and serum biochemical changes in the nile tilapia by dietary exposure to HCB and PCBs are affected at more than 0,25 mg/kg after 20 days.