• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.67-75
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• 2012

This Study is concerned with the Design Characteristics of Korean, Chinese and Japanese brick church architecture. The main subject of the study is to investigate the commonness and difference between Korean, Chinese and Japanese brick church architecture in the early stage(1880-1920). In carrying this study into execution, I examined the architectural and historical backgrounds based on the preceding research works, and analysed the plan, the spacial composition, design elements, techniques and materials, etc. The result of this study is as follows ; The basic concept of composition of space is same in order to embody the Basilican space, but the inner elevation and detail of brick structure is different. Chinese churches are more close to Western basilican style church in the point of shape and plan, but in the point of inner elevation and decoration of church, Japanese churches are more close to Western style church. Korean churches are in the middle of its. There are different attitudes of naturalization of western church architecture in Korea, China and Japan.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.72-79
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• 2021

Religious architecture in the Gwangju and Jeonam regions played the role of local culture, and in particular, cathedral architecture maintains a consistent religious context and seeks to integrate with the local community. This study is to investigate and analyze the overall data to find out the characteristics and meaning of the Eucharistic adoration, which played a central role in the religious aspect and the space in the cathedral, and used it as basic data for the study of local cathedral architecture. The Eucharistic adoration was activated starting from the time when the Eucharist storage room was placed in the Middle Ages, and in 1979, when Pope John Paul II published a letter, and Bishop Na Gilmo of Incheon introduced the Eucharist, the Eucharistic adoration movement was activated in parishes across the country. However, regarding the Eucharistic adoration, a way to use its spatial meaning and religious use is still unknown, even to its believers. The Eucharistic adoration of the cathedral contains the main spiritual function of managing faith rather than the functions of mission, fellowship, and office work. An approach which composes the liturgical spaces in various architectural planning methods is necessary, but the fundamental and religious meaning must not be abandoned.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.305-319
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• 2012

The Myeongdongseongdang Cathedral, which was designated as Historic Site No. 258 in Korea, is a representative cathedral of Korean Catholic church designed by a French priest Eugene-Jean Georges Coste and completed in 1898. It is a Gothic-styled architecture constructed with bricks and stones. Lithological and mineralogical analyses determined that holy stone relics were made of marble and granite, and foundation stones are of pink feldspar granite. Deterioration mapping and ultrasonic measurement revealed main weathering and damage were exfoliation (40%) and black discoloration (37%) in the holy water basin, and exfoliation (6%) and discoloration (46%) in the exterior foundation stones. Ultrasonic velocity of the stones were calculated as 3,525m/s in the holy water basin and 2,795m/s in the exterior stones that indicated these stones were sorted into moderately to highly weathered rock. This was resulted from moisture and atmospheric pollutants around the cathedral.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.62 no.2
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• pp.143-148
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• 2017

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed is an important dietary source of protein, oil, carbohydrates, isoflavones, and other nutrients for humans and animals. Raffinose and stachyose are the main antinutritional factors in soybean seed. They are carbohydrates belonging to the raffinose family of oligosaccharides, which are not readily digested in humans and cause flatulence or diarrhea. The genetic reduction of the raffinose and stachyose contents in mature soybean seeds will improve the nutritional value of soybean. The objective of this research was to evaluate agronomic traits with 10 $F_6$ strains selected from breeding populations derived from a cross among seven parents. The contents of raffinose and stachyose in mature seeds were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography. Agronomic traits such as flower color, flowering date, harvesting date, lodging, plant height, seed coat color, hilum color, 100 seed weight, and yield were evaluated. Ten intermediate parents showed low raffinose and stachyose contents. The intermediate parent 883-1 had a small seed size, six intermediate parents (15A1, 15D1, RS-5, RS-33, RS-64, and RS-70) had a medium seed size, and two intermediate parents (14G20 and RS-21) had a large seed size. The intermediate parent RS-21 had a black seed coat and a green cotyledon. Four intermediate parents (883-1, 14G20, RS-5, and RS-21) had elite agronomic traits. The new intermediate parents developed through this study will be used to develop improved soybean cultivars with low contents of raffinose and stachyose.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.163-175
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• 2014

This study is to explain social capital characteristics of Filipino immigrant women at the level of neighborhood. This research targeted Filipino immigrant women in the metropolis, small town and rural area in Korea to find out the relevance of individual property and characteristics of the community and social capital of neighboring communities- school community, cathedral community, etc- through measurement of the participants' recognition. This study reveals that differences exist in the relationship between length of residence and social capital in the school community and the catholic church community. There is a significant positive relationship between length of residence and political factors in the catholic church community, thereby having a better relationship with longer period of stay, while length of residence and confidence show a negative trend in the school community, leading to less confidence. The catholic church community holds a dominant position in homogeneity, cohesion, and the amount of social capital. According to the findings, social capital 'relation' is more closely related to homogeneity of the community, 'norms' to cohesion. 'Relation and norms' and 'confidence and politics' factors are recognized similarly in both communities, thus resulting in the recognition that decision making within the community, the share of value, and observance of social norms approximate a friendly relationship among members, and satisfaction level, emotional support, and confidence among members approach politics that members can talk about their personal matters. It is noted in the research process that the symbolism of the cathedral community as a transnational circuit behavior occurs where collective culture and personal desires of Filipino immigrant women were combined with production of social capital. Filipino immigrant women's awareness of community and social capital appearing in the cathedral community show that not only residence, along with the cultural identity of Filipino immigrant women, but also collective social and cultural characteristics, such as 'family reunion' can not be overlooked. In particular, at this time when discussion and debate on the interculturalism over multiculturalism is heating up, communal spirit and social capital based on the ethnic identity are important in that they can be a crucial path to the cross-cultural interaction with our society, therefore, a study on the social capital of the ethnic community needs to be encouraged and extended to more diverse communities, to the space of the multilayered scale.

• Korean Architects
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• no.10 s.390
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• pp.62-65
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• 2001

• Korean Architects
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• no.12 s.225
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• pp.11-26
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• 1987

• Korean Architects
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• no.8 s.400
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• pp.30-37
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• 2002

• Korean Architects
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• no.12 s.248
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• pp.9-21
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• 1989

• Korean Architects
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• v.2 no.4 s.4
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• pp.19-24
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• 1967