• Resources Recycling
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.98-103
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• 2020

In this study, the depression behavior of zinc sulfate on the sphalerite with the addition of potassium butyl xanthate was investigated to clear the relationship between zinc sulfate and xanthate in depression of sphalerite. As a result of the experiment, it was confirmed that the depress effect of zinc sulfate on the sphalerite declined with the increase of its addition amount. From the results of SEM-EDS and FT-IR analysis, it was found out that the amorphous precipitate of metal xanthate (Zn-BX) was formed in sphalerite concentrate, when the solubility product of [Zn+]·[BX] in the pulp solution exceeded 3.71×10-11, which is the solubility of Zn-butyl xanthate. It is considered that the Zn-butyl xanthate had a negative effect on the depression of sphalerite.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.73-83
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• 2000

다덕 광산 폐석내 섬아연석과 함망간탄산염 광물의 풍화현상과 그에 따른 중금속의 거동을 조사 하였다. 섬아연석은 풍화초기에 극미립 산화철의 망상구조 집합체로 교대되었으며, 후기에는 자연황이 용해중인 섬아연석과 산화철 집합체 사이에 침전되었다. 산화철 집합체에는 As가 다량 함유되어 있다. 능망간석와 함망간 방해석은 함아연산화망간의 망상구조 집합체로 교대되었으며, 함망간방해서과 함아연산화망간 사이에는 스미소나이트가 침전되었다. 선택적 용해외 X선회절분석을 이용하여 감정한 결과, 함아연산화망간은 헤테롤라이트/하이드로헤테롤라이트인 것으로 판명되었다. Zn의 일부는 규산과 결합하여 입간 공극에 월레마이트로 침전되었다. 풍화 초기에 형성되는 극미립 산화철 및 함아연산화망간의 치밀한 망상 집합체는 풍화용액의 순환을 차단하여, 모광물의 풍화 반응을 지체시키는 지화학적 장벽 역할을 하였다. 이에 따라 망상구조 내에 조성된 국지적 미환경하에서 풍화중간산물들이 침전되었다. 이상의 연구 결과로 다음과 같은 사항을 추론할 수 있다. 섬아연석의 Fe와 함망간탄산염의 Mn은 각각 산화철과 산화망간으로 침전되어 산성화에 기여하였다. 폐광석 더미내 As의 활동도는 저결정질 산화철에의 흡착에 의해 조절되며, Zn의 활동도는 미소환경조건에 따라 하이드로헤테롤라이트/헤테롤라이트, 스미소나이트, 월레마이트 등의 다양한 이차광물의 용해도에 의하여 조절된다.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.551-558
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• 2008

The Soowang deposits occur in the quartz veins that were filled fissures in the middle Cretaceous porphyritic granite and/or the Precambrian Sobaegsan gneiss complex. Paragenetic studies suggest that the vein filling can be divided into four identifiable stages. Sphalerites were deposited by the cooling fluids at stages I, II, and III. The results of microscopic observation and EPMA analysis suggest that the chalcopyrite dots and disease in sphalerite are replacement products by later hydrothermal solution at the early stage III. The inferred processes of chalcopyrite disease are as follows: (1) Fe enrichment to the margins and along the cracks of the Fe-poor sphalerite by Fe-rich solution, (2) Formation of chalcopyrite dots in the Fe-enriched sphalerite formed at the stage II, and Fe reduction of sphalerite near the chalcopyrite dots by Cu-bearing solution, (3) Formation of "chalcopyrite disease" penetrating the compositional zoning of sphalerite at the early stage III.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.279-292
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• 2015

New occurrences of large-scaled Zn-Pb deposits are recently found in the Danjang-myeon, Milyang. They are skarn-type deposits which replaced the intercalated limestone beds in the Jeonggaksan Formation. This study aims at characterizing occurrences, mineralogy, and chemistry of Zn-Pb ores and skarn minerals. Skarn orebodies are mainly found in 3 areas, named Gukjeon-ri, Gorye-ri, and Gucheon-ri orebodies, where sphalerite found as main ore mineral in 200-300 m in height and amount of galena increases as altitude does. Ores are dark grey to dark green in color and closely related with clinopyroxene zone. They occur with hedenbergite, grossular, actinolite, epidote, and small amounts of axinite, calcite, and quartz. Main ore mineral is sphalerite which includes tiny spotted grains of galena and chalcopyrite and becomes rich in grade in association with clinopyroxene and epidote. FeS contents in sphalerite show relatively wide range between 1.53 and 23.07 mole%, whose contents intend to increase towards biotite granite known as ore-related igneous rocks. CdS contents are in the range of 0.22-0.93 mole%, showing decrease tendency from southwest (Gukjeon-ri) to northeast (Gucheon-ri). Zn-Pb deposits developed in Danjang-myeon reveal decrease in temperature with increase of altitude, leading to gradual changes in compositions of ore and skarn minerals.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.413-428
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• 2010

The Gukjeon Pb-Zn mine was recognized as skarn deposits which replaced the limestone layer of the Jeongkansan Formation by intrusion of biotite granite in late Cretaceous. The Jeongkansan Formation is mainly composed of tuffaceous shale, and interlayers of sandstone, andesitic tuff, limestone, and conglomerate. The limestone layer is located in the lower part of the Jeongkansan Formation with 6~8 m in thickness and about 500 m in length. The Gukjeon deposits are divided into the Jukgang ore bodies once mined underground and the eastern ore bodies. Main ores are sphalerite and galena, in association with small amounts of chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, pyrite, and pyrrhotite, etc. Skarns mainly consist of clinopyroxenes and Ca-garnets, associated with actinolite, chlorite, axinite, and calcite, etc. The Jukgang ore bodies show symmetrical distribution of zoning outward, representing clinopyroxene (hedenbergite) zone, clinopyroxene-garnet (grossular) zone, garnet (andradite) zone, and alteration zone of hornfels. $Fe^{2+}$ contents in clinopyroxenes increase with decreasing sphalerite grade. Sphalerite ores are found in all zones and $Fe^{2+}$ contents in sphalerite increase in the same way as those in clinopyroxenes, implying that clinopyroxene and sphalerite are closely related each other. It is concluded that the Gukjeon ores occurred in the ore rich zone of high grade sphalerite with less pyrite in assoication with clinopyroxene.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.135-147
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• 2014

This study analyzed spectroscopic methods for characterization of skarn minerals and sphalerite occurring in Dangdu ore deposit, and effectiveness of portable spectrometer in skarn mineral resources exploration is discussed. The spectroscopic analyses identified clinopyroxene, garnet, epidote, calcite, chlorite and sphalerite where spectral curves of clinopyroxene, garnet, epidote, and sphalerite show single mineral spectral characteristics and those of chlorite are in a mixed form with calcite and clinopyroxene. The assessment of spectroscopic analyses based on XRD analysis and microscopic observation reveals that clinopyroxene, garnet, epidote correspond well with more than 80% of detection, but sphalerite, chlorite, and calcite showed below 50% of detection rate. It is expected that skarn deposit exploration using a portable spectrometer is more effective in detection of clinopyroxene, garnet, and epidote whereas spectroscopic data of sphalerite, chlorite, and calcite needs to be utilized as a supplementary data. For the effective detection of chlorite and calcite, their content in the samples needs to be sufficient.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.19 no.spc
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• pp.139-149
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• 1986

Compositional variation of sphalerites from various hydrothermal metallic ore deposits in Korea were investigated in mine and local, and regional scale. The sphalerites were partially analyzed for iron, manganese, and cadmium by using an electron probe microanalyzer(EPMA). The contents of iron and cadmium in sphalerites collected from the Weolam deposit of the No.1 Yeonhwa mine are not variable with increase of depth, but manganese content is highly variable. Sphalerites from lead-zinc deposits which are geologically associated with hypabyssal and effusive activity are characterized by high manganese (more than 1.0 MnS mole %) and low cadmium contents (less than 0.5 CdS mole %). Relatively manganese rich sphalerites are found in the deposits where sphalerites are enriched in iron content. Variation of cadmium content is very limited compared with that of manganese content. Sphalerites from most tungsten and some gold-silver deposits are remarkably high in cadmium content, but most of base metal and iron deposits are low in cadmium content. Cadmium content in sphalerites which occur in the metallic ore deposits genetically associated with plutonic activity shows a tendency to high variation. Available amounts of cadmium in sphalerites could be originated from the initial enrichment during the magmatic and postmagmatic processes.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.115-139
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• 1984

The Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag hydrothermal vein-type deposits which comprise the Sambong mine occur within calc-alkaline volcanics of the Cretaceous Gyeongsang Basin. The ore mineralization took place through three distinct stages of quartz (I and II stages) and calcite veins (III stage) which fill the pre-existing fault breccia zones. These stages were separated in time by tectonic fracturing and brecciation events. The reflection variations of one mineral depending on mineralization sequence are considered to be resulted from variation in its chemical composition due to different physico-chemical conditions in the hydrothermal system. The reflection power of sphalerite increases with the content of Fe substituted for Zn. Reflectances of the sphalerite grain are lower on (111) than on (100) surface. The spectral profiles depend on the internal reflection color. Sphalerite, showing green, yellow and reddish brown internal reflection, have the highest reflection power at $544m{\mu}$ (green), $593m{\mu}$ (yellow) and $615m{\mu}$ (red) wavelength, respectively. Chalcopyrite is recognized as biaxial negative from the reflectivity data of randomly oriented grains measured at the most sensitivity at $544m{\mu}$. The microindentation hardness against the Fe content (wt. %) for the sphalerite increases to 8.05% Fe and then decreases toward 9.5% Fe content. Vickers hardness of the sphalerite is considerably higher on surface of (100) than on (111). The relationship between Vickers hardness and crystal orientation of the galena was determined to be $VHN_{(111)}$ > $VHN_{(210)}$ > $VHN_{(100)}$. The softer sulfides have the wider variation of the diagonal length in the indentation. Diagonal length in the indentation is pyrite

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.61-65
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• 1997

Cadmium occurs as a minor element in sphalerite ((Zn, Fe)S) from the Boseong-Jangheung gold-silver mine district. We analyzed the abundance of cadmium in sphalerite using an electron probe micro analyzer (EPMA) and discussed the natural sources of cadmium in terms of bedrock geochemistry, in order to preliminarily reconnoiter the potential cadmium contamination in mine districts. Cadmium contents of sphalerites from the Au-Ag mines (Bodeok, Mundeok, Jeonbo, Boknae, Keumsan) in the Boseong-Jangheung district are considerably high, compared with cadmium contents of sphalerites (average = 0.5 wt.% Cd, maximum = 4.4 wt.% Cd) in the world. Sphalerites from the Keumsan mine (average = 9.49 wt.% Cd, maximum=11.22 wt. Cd) are highly enriched in cadmium. Our data suggest that the Boseong-Jangheung area is an important potential site of cadmium contamination in Korea. Based on bedrock geochemistry, natural causes of cadmium enrichment in sphalerite from the mine district are thought to be the mixing of cadmium leached from organic-rich, metasedimentary rocks (including coal) and/or black shales. From this study, we propose that the pinpointing of potential sites of pollution by toxic heavy metals can be done effectively through detailed reconnaisance study on mineralogical compositions of ore minerals such as sphalerite from the mine area.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.265-276
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• 2012

Current study includes the analysis of mine tailings and leachate water and prediction of species originated from the tailings. The variation of contaminants were measured upon the distance from the tailings to the nearby stream. The ions concentration was highest at the tailings and pit mouth and it becomes lower as it goes far away from the origin. This is the reason that the leachate was diluted with the uncontaminated stream water. The tailings were mainly classified into reddish one and yellow one. The main mineral of reddish tailings were quarts, illite, plumbojarosite and a small amount of sphalerite. The main mineral of yellow tailings were muscovite, quarts, plumbojarosite, and a small amount of chalcopyrite and sphalerite. Pb and Zn were found in the leachate in high concentration and become the major contaminants. These come from the dissolution of plumbojarosite and sphalerite contained in the mine tailings.