• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.157-161
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• 1999

We investigated the effect of mechanical back side damage in Czochralski silicon wafer. The intensity of mechanical damage was evaluated by minority carrier recombination lifetime by laser excitation/microwave reflection photoconductance decay ($\mu$-PCD) technique, wet oxidation/preferential etching methods, near surface micro defect (NSMD) analysis, and X-ray section topography. The data indicate that the higher the mechanical damage intensity, the lower the minority carrier lifetime, and NSMD density increased proportionally, also correlated to the oxidation induced stacking fault (OISF) density. Thus, NSMD technique can be used separately from conventional etching method in OISF measurement.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.143-166
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to empirically test whether occupational welfare in Korea would have grown since the mid 1990s. The result of this study showed that after the IMF fiscal crisis, the policies of labor flexibility in labor market initiated flexible forms of employer-provided benefits, including cafeteria plan or profit-based funds, which finally led to a decline of occupational welfare rather than a growth. Existing studies haven't agreed on trade-off of statutory and voluntary social provisions since the crisis of welfare state. However, based on the case of Korea, this study suggested archetypal development of welfare system experiencing a decline of occupational welfare paralleled with a growth of state welfare provision.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.175-176
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• 2009

주문형 비디오 서비스와 라이브 스트리밍 서비스는 보편화와 급격한 성장을 바탕으로 보다 나은 품질의 스트리밍 서비스를 제공하기 위한 연구가 진행되어 왔다. 이 과정에서 P2P 시스템을 이용한 비디오 스트리밍은 서비스 공급자에게 비용상으로 큰 이점을 안겨 주었을 뿐만 아니라 사용자에게는 보다 나은 다운로드 속도를 제공하는 등 많은 장점을 가져왔다. 본 논문에서는 P2P 비디오 스트리밍의 대표 방식인 push와 pull을 혼합하여 시기 적절하게 사용하는 새로운 push/pull 방식을 제안한다. 본 방식은 push와 pull을 chunk 분포도에 기초하여 선택적으로 사용하기 때문에 push와 pull 방식의 장점을 모두 포함하게 된다

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.373-378
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• 1998

This study was performed to investigate antimicrobial effects and their actions of the ethanol extracts of 12 spices against Lactobacillus plantarum and Leuconostoc mesenteroides, which are related to Kimchi fermentation. The cardamon, thyme, and cumin ethanol extracts among 12 spices showed antimicrobial activities against Lac. plantarum, not against Leu. mesenteroides through paper disc method. The growth of Lac. plantarum was inhibited in MRS broth containing each extracts of cardamon (>4%), thyme (>4%) and cumin (>1%). SDS-PAGE and transmission electron micrographs showed that the cell walls and membranes were disrupted and the cytoplasmic components were leaked in strains treated with ethanol extracts.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.148-161
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• 2015

The examples that used camera in the vehicle is increasing with the growth of the automotive market, and the importance of the image processing technique is expanding. In particular, the Lane Departure Warning System (LDWS) and related technologies are under development in various fields. In this paper, in order to improve the lane recognition rate more than the conventional method, we extract a Normalized Luminance Descriptor value and a Normalized Contrast Descriptor value, and adjust image gamma values to modulate Normalized Image Quality by using the correlation between the extracted two values. Then, we apply the Hough transform using the optimized accumulator cells to the four-channel ROI. The proposed algorithm was verified in 27 frame/sec and $640{\times}480$ resolution. As a result, Lane recognition rate was higher than the average 97% in day, night, and late-night road environments. The proposed method also shows successful lane recognition in sections with curves or many lane boundary.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.484-490
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• 1985

Gut contents of larval gunnels collected in Kyonggi Bay, Yellow Sea were examined in order to understand the feeding habit of the fish. There were some differences in the gut contents depending upon the body length of the fish. Most important food organisms were Copepoda followed by Appendicularia, fish eggs and Decapoda larvae. Although major food organisms were closely related to the size of zooplankton population, the fish showed a positive food selectivity for Copepoda with increasing body lengh, while there was a negative selectivity for Chaetognatha regardless of body length. However, there appeared to be no size preference on the food organisms by the larval gunnel.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.270-274
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• 2015

Although there are a number of studies on the treatment planning and the prognosis of dental implants, limited studies provide the information on the implant placement on growing adolescents. The aim of this review is to discuss the use of dental implants in growing patients and the impact of skeletal and dentoalveolar growth on the long-term stability of implants. The general information regarding skeletal growth of maxilla and mandible would be briefly reviewed and the general treatment options would be discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.117-123
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• 1998

We investigated the effect of mechanical backside damage in Czochralski grown silicon wafer. The intensity of mechanical damage was evaluated by minority carrier recombination lifetime by laser excitation/microwave reflection photoconductivity decay method, photo-acoustic displacement method, X-ray section topography, and wet oxidation/preferential etching methods. The data indicate that the higher the mechanical damage intensity, the lower the minority carrier lifetime, and the photo-acoustic displacement values increased proportionally, and it was at Grade 1: Grade 2:Grade 3 = 1:19.6:41 that the normalized relative quantization ratio of excess photo-acoustic displacement in damaged wafer was calculated, which are normalized to the excess PAD from sample Grade 1.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.581-586
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• 1998

We investigated the effect of mechanical back side damage in Czochralski grown silicon wafer. The intensity of mechanical damage was evaluated by minority carrier recombination lifetime by laser excitation/microwave reflection photoconductivity decay method, degree of X-ray diffuse scattering, X-ray section topography, and wet oxidation/preferential etching methods. The data indicate that the higher the mechanical damage intensity, the lower the minority carrier lifetime, and the magnitude of diffuse scattering and X-ray excess intensity increased proportionally, and it was at Grade 1:Grade 2:Grade 3=1:7:18.4 that the normalized relative quantization ratio of excess intensity in damaged wafer was calculated, which are normalized to the excess intensity from sample Grade 1.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 2009

An intelligent service robot is a robot that monitors its surroundings, and then provides a service to meet a user's goal. It is normally impossible for a robot to anticipate all the needs of its user and various situations in the surroundings ahead, and to prepare for all the necessary functions to cope with them. Therefore, it is required to support the self-growing capability by which robots can extend their functionality based on users' needs and external conditions. In this paper, as an enabler of the self-growing capability, we propose a method that allows a robot to select a component-composition pattern represented in an architectural form (called a sub-architecture), and to extend its functionality by obtaining a set of software components that are prescribed in the pattern. Sub-architecture is selected and instantiated not only based on the functionality required but also based on quality requirements of a user and the surrounding environment. To provide this method, we constructed a quality-attributes-in-use ontology and developed a brokering mechanism that matches quality requirements of users and surroundings against quality attributes of sub-architectures. The ontology provides the common vocabularies to represent quality requirements and attributes, and enables the semantically-based reasoning in matching and instantiating appropriate sub-architectures in supporting services to users. This ontology-based approach contributes to provide a great flexibility in extending robot functionality based on available software components, and to narrow the gap between users' Quality requirements and the Quality of the actual services provided by a robot.