• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2021.04a
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• pp.32-32
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 DMZ 일원인 경기도 파주시 광탄면과 양주군 백석면에 걸쳐있는 박달산(363m) 주변의 관속식물상을 조사하였다. 파주시는 동쪽은 양주시, 서쪽은 한강을 경계로 김포시, 북부는 임진강을 경계로 북한과 접하고 있다. 남쪽은 고양시, 북쪽은 연천군에 접하고 있으며, 북위 37° 42'~38° 07', 동경 126° 41'~127° 01'에 위치한다. 박달산은 파주시 광탄면 경계에 위치하였으며, 현재 명칭은 박달나무가 많아서 박달산이라고 부르고 있으나 예전에는 독수리가 많아서 수리봉이라는 명칭으로 부르기도 했다. 박달산 주변에 분포하는 관속식물 현황은 79과 211속 288종 3아종 36변종 4품종 331분류군으로 조사되었다. 양치식물은 5과 10속 11종 1변종 12분류군, 나자식물은 2과 3속 5종 5분류군, 쌍자엽식물은 63과 154속 208종 3아종 22변종 3품종 236분류군, 단자엽식물 9과 44속 61종 13변종 1품종 78분류군으로 조사되었다. 희귀식물은 취약종(VU)에 속하는 왜박주가리(Tylophora floribunda Miq.) 1분류군, 약관심종(LC)에 속하는 태백제비꽃(Viola albida Palib.), 이팝나무(Chionanthus retusus Lindl. & Paxton) 2분류군이 조사되었다. 특산식물은 키버들(Salix koriyanagi Kimura), 외대으아리(Clematis brachyuran Maxim.), 서울제비꽃(Viola seoulensis Nakai), 오동나무(Paulownia coreana Uyeki), 백운산원추리(Hemerocallis hakuunensis Nakai) 5분류군이 조사되었다. 침입외래식물은 가시박(Sicyos angulatus L.), 단풍잎돼지풀(Ambrosia trifida L.), 돼지풀(Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) 등 28분류군으로 조사되었다.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.378-398
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• 2017

Mt. Deoktaesan(1,113 m) is located in Jinan-gun Baekun-myon and Jangsu-gun Chunchun-myon. Investigated area was decided to include Mt. Deoktaesan, Mt. Seongaksan and its neighbor area, and this study was conducted from March to October, 2015 in 12 days. Based on the voucher, vascular plants in Mt. Deoktaesan were 108 families 341 genera 525 species 4 subspecies 64 varieties 14 forms, totally 607 taxa, which is 12.4% of total Korean flora. Korean endemic plants were 15 species. Among these species, Populus tomentiglandulosa T.B.Lee, Campanula takesimana Nakai and Forsythia koreana (Rehder) Nakai are verified as planted species. Rare and endangered plants of designated by Korea Forest Service were 10 taxa, such as Peucedanum hakuunense Nakai, Paeonia japonica (Makino) Miyabe & Takeda, Koelreuteria paniculata Laxmann, Eranthis stellata Maxim., Eranthis stellata Maxim., Viola albida Palib., Chionanthus retusus Lindl. & Paxton, Campanula takesimana Nakai, Tricyrtis macropoda Miq. and Iris ensata var. spontanea (Makino) Nakai, respectively. Phytogeographical special plants were totally 41 taxa, which were grade 17 taxa of garde I, 12 taxa of grade II, 12 taxa of grade III, 8 taxa of grade IV, and 1 taxon of grade V.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.296-304
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the relation between water quality and structure of the aquatic ecosystem in the Lake Gachang from February to December in 2010. The annual mean COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) in Lake Gachang was 3.5 mg $L^{-1}$, indicating, level II of environmental standards and the trophic state was mesotrophic. The seasonal succession of phytoplankton showed that Bacillariophyceae was mostly dominant species throughout the year except August. In case of zooplankton, rotifers dominate in the most seasons, but copepod (Nauplii) in August. The macrophyte plants showed diverse species composition consisted of 9 varieties, 77 species, 64 genera, 34 families and 24 orders. Surveyed species of macroinvertebrates were classified into 1 phyla, 2 classes, 4 orders, 7 families, 9 species. The macroinvertebrates showed FFG (Functional Feeding Groups) such as GC (Gathering-Collector) and SH (Shedder). A total of 42 species of fish was collected including $Zacco$ $koreanus$ and $Coreoperca$ $herzi$. In this study, we investigated environmental factors including pollutant source, load, water quality and distribution characteristics of biota such as phytoplankton, zooplankton, macrophyte plants, macroinvertebrates, fish.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.455-469
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• 2010

Changes of geomorphology in alluvial river and vegetation recruitment on its floodplain downstream from dams are investigated both qualitatively and quantitatively focusing on the downstream of Andong dam and Imha dam on the Nakdong River. Results of the analyses of river morphology and bed material in the study site show a general trend of riverbed degradation with a max scour of 3 m and bed material coarsening from pre-dam value of 1.5 mm in D50 to post-dam value of 2.5 mm. Decrease in bed shear stress due to the decrease in flood discharge have caused vegetation recruitment on the once-naked sandbars. As result, the ratio of area of vegetated bars over total area of bars has drastically changed from only 7% in 1971 before the Andong dam (constructed in 1976) to 25% after it, and increased to 43% only three year after the Imha dam (constructed in 1992) and eventually to 74% by 2005. Analysis of the vegetation succession at Wicjeol subreach, one of the three subreaches selected in this study for detailed investigation, has clearly shown a succession of vegetation on once-naked sand bars to a pioneering stage, reed and grass stage, willow shrub and eventually to willow tree stages. At the second subreach selected, two large point bars in front of Hahoe Village seem to have maintained their sand surfaces without a signifiant vegetation recruitment until 2005. The sand bars, however, seem to have been invaded by vegetation recently, which warns river managers to have a countermeasure to protect the sand bars from vegetation invasion in order to conserve them for the historical village of Hahoe. On the other hand, recruitment and establishment of vegetation on the sand bars by artificial disturbance of the river, such as damming, can create an unique habitat of backmarsh in the sandy river, as shown in the case of Gudam Wetland, and may increase the biodiversity as compared with relatively monotonous sand bars. Last, the premise in this study that decrease in flood discharge due to upstream dams and decrease in bed shear stress can induce vegetation recruitment on the naked sand bars in the river has been verified with the analyses of the distribution of dimensionless bed shear stress along the selected cross section in each subreach.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2000

This study was carried out to examine the process of plant succession through vegetation invasion and to select appropriate endemic plant species for rapid stabilization and good visual effect on cut-slopes of forest roads. Establishing total of sixty $1m{\times}1m$ sample plots. fifteen for each forest road constructed in the year of '93 (six-year-old), '95(four-year-old), '97(two-year-old), and '98(one-year-old), the ecological attributes of invading vegetation on cut-slopes were analyzed. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The rate of vegetation coverage was highly associated with soil hardness and aspect of cut-slope. Higher rate of vegetation coverage was caused by larger number of invading plant species. 2. The dominant woody species were Rubus crataegifolius, Rhus chinensis, Lespedeza bicolor, Salix hulteni, Alnus hirsuta, and Pinus densiflora. The visual attractive for the fruit of Rubus crataegifolius and the autumn coloration of Rhus chinensis was noteworthy. The dominant herbaceous species were Youngia sonchifolia, Spodiopogon sibiricus, and Lysimachia clethroides in all study forest roads. Spring flower of Potentilla freyniana and Viola rossii: summer flower of Lysimachia clethroides, Commelina communis, Glycine soja. Persicaria sieboldi, and Oenothera odorata: and autumn flower of Artemisia stolonifera and Impatiens textori were abundant and remarkable. 3. The diversity index of woody species tended to be increased as years passed after construction, and that of herbaceous species were decreased. 4. The dominance of Th of dormancy form was early high in the first year of construction, getting decreased thereafter. And that of MM + M + N was increased as years passed after construction. but that of Ch+H+G+Th+HH was decreased. 5. The degrees of succession were estimated by 359, 111, 97, and 87 for the construction year of '93, '95, '97, and '98. respectively, increased as years passed after construction.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.121-153
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• 2013

We investigated the flora of Mudeung-san (Mt.) located in Gwangju-gwangyeoksi, Hwasun-gun and Damyang-gun and discussed the vascular plants found there. 22 days separate fild trips were completed from March of 2009 to November 2011. As a result, we identified the distribution of 816 taxa in Mudeung-san (Mt.), comprising 123 families, 441 genera, 668 species, 5 subspecies, 121 varieties and 18 forms. There are a total 111 taxa of floristic regional indicator plants. The floristic regional indicator plants are as follows; nine taxa of level V such as Gastrodia elata Blume, six taxa of level IV such as Hylomecon hylomeconoides T. Lee, 21 taxa of level III such as Stewartia korena Nakai, 18 taxa of level II, and 66 taxa of level I. In addition, two critically endangered species (CR), Galeola septentrionalis Rchb.f. and Paeonia obovata Maxim., two endangered species (EN), Dryopteris cycadina (Franch. & Sav.) C.Chr. and Jeffersonia dubia Benth., and eight vulnerable species (VU), such as Lilium callosum Siebold & Zucc, were found in the investigated area. Also, 14 endermic plants of Korea, such as Salix koriyanagi Kimura and Aconitium chiisanense Nakai, were found.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.208-222
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• 2013

In this paper, we conducted the taxonomic study of the tribe Epilobieae Endl. and concluded that a total of nine taxa, including one Chamerion (Raf.) Raf. ex Holub and eight Epilobium L., exist in Korea. Although C. angustifolium subsp. angustifolium has been placed traditionally either in Epilobium or Chamaenerion, it can be clearly distinguished from the species of Epilobium by having alternate leaves, slightly zygomorphic flowers, non-clefted petals, and equal length of 8 stamens, supporting the recognition of genus Chamerion. All but one species of Epilobium, E. platystigmatosum, was investigated for the surface of seeds using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The seed sculpture of Korean Epilobium can be classified into three types, i.e., papillose, reticulate, and ridged. E. ciliatum subsp. ciliatum is the only species Epilobium, which has the ridged seed sculpture. E. amurense subsp. cephalostigma can be distinguished from conspecific E. amurense subsp. amurense based on leaf shape, trichome shape and distribution, size and habit. Both E. fastigiatoramosum and E. palustre have entire leaf margins, but they can be distinguished based on leaf shape, stigma, and seed sculpture; the former has elongated elliptic leaves, capitate stigma, ridged seed sculpture, whereas the latter one has elongated lanceolate leaves, club-shaped stigma, and reticulate seed sculpture. Finally, we report the first record of E. platystigmatosum in Korea, and further comparative study including conspecific populations from Japan and China can clarify the occurrence of this taxon in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.463-490
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the vascular plants of Namhan River. The period of survey was from March to November on 2012. Vascular plants based on voucher specimen were summarized as 430 taxa including 86 families, 250 genera, 383 species, 2 subspecies, 39 varieties and 6 forms. The rare plant species designated by Korea Forest Service were 13 taxa including Penthorum chinense Pursh, Polygonatum stenophyllum Maxim, and Sparganium erectum L., etc. And the endemic plant species were 8 taxa including Salix koriyanagi Kimura, Clematis trichotoma Nakai, and Carex gifuensis Franch., etc. Furthermore, 56 taxa were listed as specific plant species based on phytogeographical and based on the list of plants which have been approved for overseas delivery, 27 taxa were recorded in the investigated area. The naturalized plants were recorded as 58 taxa, and their Naturalization Ratio and Urbanization Index were recorded as 13.5%, and 18.1%, respectively. 430 taxa listed consists of 174 taxa(40.5%) of pasturing plant, 141 taxa(32.8%) of edible plants, 112 taxa(26.0%) of medicinal plants, 48 taxa(11.2%) of ornamental plants, 11 taxa(2.6%) of stain plants, 7 taxa(1.6%) of fiber plants, 4 taxa(0.9%) of timber plants, 2 taxa(0.5%) of industrial plants and 109 taxa(25.4%) of unknown plants.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.35-58
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• 2023

In this study, we conducted a flora survey at Mt.Bakdal (363m) and Mt. Myeongbong (245.3m) in Paju-si, Gyeonggi-do. A total of 405 taxa, including 2 forms, 32 varieties, 8 subspecies, 363 species, 261 genera, and 87 families, were surveyed in the two mountain areas. The ferns were identified as 12 taxa from 6 families, the gymnosperms as 6 taxa from 2 families, the dicotyledonous plants as 290 taxa from 70 families, and the monocotyledonous plants as 97 taxa from 9 families. The remarkable plants included 8 taxa of the Korean endemic plants, which were Populus tomentiglandulosa, Salix koriyanagi, Clematis brachyura, Viola seoulensis, Forsythia koreana, Paulownia coreana, Weigela subsessilis, and Hemerocallis hakuunensis, and 3 taxa of the rare and endangered plants as designated by the Korea Forest Service, including Tylophora floribunda as Vulnerable (VU) species, and Viola albida and Chionanthus retusus as Least Concern (LC) species. The invasive alien plants were 35 taxa, including Rumex crispus, Phytolacca americana, Cerastium glomeratum, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium ficifolium, Lepidium virginicum, Amorpha fruticosa, Robinia pseudoacacia, and Trifolium repens, accounting for 8.5 percent of the 405 taxa of the surveyed plants. We intend to further identify plants through the studies on unsurveyed areas in the western part of the DMZ, identify the native habitats of rare and specialty plants, and use them as basic data for managing ecosystem-disturbing plants.

• Journal of Marine Life Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.121-127
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• 2023

The study was performed in order to understand the association between organic matter content in the sediments and the distribution of macrobenthos in the intertidal zone of the Muan bay. The sediment samples obtained from 21 sampling sites in August 2019 were analyzed for sediment composition and organic matter content (Ignition loss; IL and Total organic carbon; TOC). Further the macro benthos was sorted and enumerated. The sediments of inner area of bay has coarser composition where mouth part of bay, the sediments were predominantly silty. The highest organic matter content (both of IL and TOC) was measured at station 10 located near the Mokpo area while the lowest values was measured at station 20 adjacent to the north side of the bay. The 4 most abundant species accounted for more than 10% of all specimens were Assiminea sp., Musculista senhousia, Cerithideopsilla cingulate and Heteromastus filiformis. The maximum number of species and density were observed at station 10. Cluster analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling (MDS) allow identification of four benthic assemblages based on species abundance. The correlation analysis revealed that there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the density with TOC. Based on the analysis; it was found that the distribution of macrobenthos varied with the differences in sediment composition and organic matter content.