• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.135-147
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• 2014

This study analyzed spectroscopic methods for characterization of skarn minerals and sphalerite occurring in Dangdu ore deposit, and effectiveness of portable spectrometer in skarn mineral resources exploration is discussed. The spectroscopic analyses identified clinopyroxene, garnet, epidote, calcite, chlorite and sphalerite where spectral curves of clinopyroxene, garnet, epidote, and sphalerite show single mineral spectral characteristics and those of chlorite are in a mixed form with calcite and clinopyroxene. The assessment of spectroscopic analyses based on XRD analysis and microscopic observation reveals that clinopyroxene, garnet, epidote correspond well with more than 80% of detection, but sphalerite, chlorite, and calcite showed below 50% of detection rate. It is expected that skarn deposit exploration using a portable spectrometer is more effective in detection of clinopyroxene, garnet, and epidote whereas spectroscopic data of sphalerite, chlorite, and calcite needs to be utilized as a supplementary data. For the effective detection of chlorite and calcite, their content in the samples needs to be sufficient.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.1 s.43
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• pp.10-24
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• 2006

Staurolite grains in staurolite, kyanite and sillimanite zones occurred in the Littleton Formation, Northcentral Massachusetts have interpreted to form by Barrovian-type metamorphism during Acadian orogeny. However, various occurrence of staurolite in the three zones, (a) porphyroblast, (b) randomly oriented and coarse-grained muscovite pseudomorph after staurolite, (c) recrystallized staurolite at the margin of garnet porphyroblast and within the pseudomorph, indicates that they have resulted from polymetamorphism. Staurolite in these three metamorphic zones can be formed by demise of chlorite or chloritoid that depends on difference of bulk-rock compositions and changes of P-T conditions. Staurolite modal proportion calculated in MnNCKFHASH system using THERMOCALC program reveals that staurolite could have grown with garnet with increasing pressure and temperature, if it coexist with chlorite. After demise of chlorite and appearance of biotite, staurolite mode decrease with increasing pressure and temperature. Therefore, based on the previous P-T paths for the Acadian metamorhism, staurolite porphyroblast grew with garnet during 400-370 Ma. Randomly oriented and coarse-grained muscovite pseudomorphs after staurolite probably have grown due to heating with appearance of kyanite and sillimanite. Consequently, pseudomorphisrn of staurolite occurred by heating derived from locally intense Alleghanian shearing (ca. 320-300 Ma) overprinted the Acadian metamorphism. Recrystallized fine-grained staurolite in sillimanite zone observed between the grain boundaries of muscovite in the pseudomorphs and at the edge of garnet porphyrobasts has formed during decreasing temperature and pressure (ca. 300-280 Ma) after peak temperature (ca. $700^{\circ}C$) of the Allegllanian metamorphism.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.259-269
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of Noni beverages added with 10% of water(Noni 90), 1% of red ginseng(NR), 4% of rubus coreanus extract(NR), 5% of pomegranate extract(NP), and 4% of rubus coreanus extract and 5% of pomegranate extract(NPR). Calories, protein and total fiber contents were increased in NR, NP and NPR. Total sugar was significantly increased in NG and NPR. Fat, cholesterol and saturated fatty acid were not detected. Ca and Na contents were increased in NG while Fe content was increased in NG, NR, and NPR pH was significantly increased in NG and NP. Sugar degree was significantly increased in NP and NPR. L and b values were decreased in NG, NP, and NR and a value was increased in NG and NR General bacteria count was 0/mL, and Coliform, E. Coli and 0157:H7 were gram(-) in all beverages. In sensory evaluation, color was increased in NPR while taste and overall quality were increased in NG, NR and NP. Sour taste, sweet taste, and flavor were not different between Noni and the mixed beverages. Texture was significantly increased in NP and NPR. Therefore, mixed Noni beverages added with red ginseng, rubus coreanus extract, and pomegranate extract were better than Noni beverage.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.413-428
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• 2010

The Gukjeon Pb-Zn mine was recognized as skarn deposits which replaced the limestone layer of the Jeongkansan Formation by intrusion of biotite granite in late Cretaceous. The Jeongkansan Formation is mainly composed of tuffaceous shale, and interlayers of sandstone, andesitic tuff, limestone, and conglomerate. The limestone layer is located in the lower part of the Jeongkansan Formation with 6~8 m in thickness and about 500 m in length. The Gukjeon deposits are divided into the Jukgang ore bodies once mined underground and the eastern ore bodies. Main ores are sphalerite and galena, in association with small amounts of chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, pyrite, and pyrrhotite, etc. Skarns mainly consist of clinopyroxenes and Ca-garnets, associated with actinolite, chlorite, axinite, and calcite, etc. The Jukgang ore bodies show symmetrical distribution of zoning outward, representing clinopyroxene (hedenbergite) zone, clinopyroxene-garnet (grossular) zone, garnet (andradite) zone, and alteration zone of hornfels. $Fe^{2+}$ contents in clinopyroxenes increase with decreasing sphalerite grade. Sphalerite ores are found in all zones and $Fe^{2+}$ contents in sphalerite increase in the same way as those in clinopyroxenes, implying that clinopyroxene and sphalerite are closely related each other. It is concluded that the Gukjeon ores occurred in the ore rich zone of high grade sphalerite with less pyrite in assoication with clinopyroxene.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.221-245
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• 2008

The precambrian granitic gneiss and porphyroblastic gneiss are widely distributed in the Gwangyang-Hadong area of Korea. This study focuses on the geochemical properties and metamorphic P-T conditions of these gneisses. These gneisses are plotted according to granodiorite domain on an IUGS silica-alkali diagram. Geochemical properties of major elements suggest that these rocks are of the sub-alkalic rock series, and were farmed from S-type magmas which were generated in a syn-collision tectonic environment. The amounts of trace elements (Zn, Sc, Sr, V, etc.) decreased as $SiO_2$ concentrations increased. Almandine and spessartine mol%'s and XFe are higher in garnet rims, while pyrope mol%'s are higher in the garnet cores. This seems to be the result of garnet growth and retrogressive metamorphism. Metamorphic zones are divided into sillimanite-cordierite, sillimanite, garnet, and biotite zones. Metamorphic P-T conditions estimated from the gneisses indicate high temperature and low to medium pressure metamorphism (689-757$^{\circ}C$, 5.0-5.6 kbar), followed by medium temperature, low pressure retrorade metamorphism (579-628$^{\circ}C$, 3.1-4.5 kbar), and overprinted retrogade metamorphism (502-558$^{\circ}C$, 1.6-2.3 kbar).

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.372.2-372.2
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• 2007

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.577-585
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• 2001

Dyeing properties of the colorants extracted from pomegranate hull on cotton fabric were investigated. Effects of dyeing conditions and mordanting on dye uptake, color change and colorfastness were explored. Cationic agent treatment was done for cotton to improve low dyeability in natural dyeing. In addition antimicrobial activity of the cotton fabrics dyed with pomegranate colorants was examined by the shake flask method. Pomegranate colorants showed low affinity to cotton fiber and its adsorption isotherm was Freundlich type. Therefore, hydrogen bonding was involved in the adsorption of pomegranate colorants onto cotton fiber. Mordants did not significantly increase dye adsorption. Pomegranate colorants produced mainly yellow color on cotton fabric. In order to improve dye uptake, cotton was cationized by treating with Cationon UK(quarterly ammonium salt) and chitosan. The cationized cotton with Cationon UK showed higher dye uptake and shorter dyeing time, compared with the untreated cotton. Chitosan treated cotton also showed high dye uptake, but chitosan was less effective compared with Cationon UK. Fastness to washing, perspiration, and rubbing was not improved by mordanting and cationizing treatment, but light fastness was increased by all mordants and cationic agent. As dye concentration increased, bacterial reduction rate was increased and mordants did not significantly increase bacterial reduction rate.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.86-88
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• 2005

Antifungal activity of the extracts of plants and marine microalgae against Magnaporthe grisea was investigated. Acetone extracts of promegranate rind, leek seed, and maize husk demonstrated high antifungal activity against M. grisea. MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) of acetone extracts of promegranate rind, leek seed, and maize husk was 100 ng/ml, $50\;{\mu}g/ml,\;and\;100\;{\mu}g/ml$ respectively. Ethanol extract of Amphiprora gigantea showed antifungal activity against M. grisea with MIC of $100\;{\mu}g/ml$.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.353-356
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• 1973

A unique method of destructive analysis has been developed for the study of gaseous impurities in minerals. Samples are crushed in a high vacuum sample system of a research mass spectrometer. This is done by means of a suitably designed crusher which is incorporated in the inlet system of the instrument. Crusher elements are constructed of tungsten carbide. The mass spectrometer used for this preliminary study has a detection sensitivity of about $10^{-10}cc$at STP. In a study of rhodolite garnets obtained from near Lavonia, Georgia, U.S.A., the gases$H_2$, $O_2$, $H_{2}O$, $CO_2$, CO, and $CH_4$have been identified and their composition determined.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.511-527
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• 2024

The aim of this study was to impart color to bacterial cellulose (BC) fabric using various natural plant-based dyes-namely, gardenia jasminoides, green tea, and pomegranate peel. A protein pretreatment was also applied to improve the BC fabric's dyeability and mechanical properties. The BC fabric's dyeing and mordanting conditions when using plant-based natural dyes were determined by changes in the K/S values. The dyeability of BC samples dyed with green tea or pomegranate peel improved when they were pretreated with soy protein isolate (SPI) prior to dyeing. Moreover, the SPI pretreatment was efficient in improving the BC fabric's tensile strength and flexibility. This study proposes a method for dyeing BC fabric that uses plant-based natural dyes and confirms the effects of the protein pretreatment on the fabric's dyeability and durability.